scholarly journals El papel del neuropsicólogo

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
David De Noreña ◽  
Marcos Ríos-Lago
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The One

Neuropsicology is the scientific discipline that studies the ties between the cognitive processes, emotions and their substrate in the central nervous system. The high prevalence of the neurological disorders (i.e. acquired brain damage, dementias, developmental impairments, etc.) does that the presence of the neuropsychologists in different welfare resources has been increased in the last few years. Among its main functions they are the one to evaluate patients and to design and to carry out programs of neuropsicological rehabilitation. Moreover, the neuropsychologist as a researcher receives a great importance, specially in a multidisciplinary context. In the present work some of these functions are reviewed.

Central Nerve System Impairment, AMA Guides, Sixth Edition: An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Jay Blaisdell
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Central Nerve System ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The One ◽  
Nerve System ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Injuries that affect the central nervous system (CNS) can be catastrophic because they involve the brain or spinal cord, and determining the underlying clinical cause of impairment is essential in using the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), in part because the AMA Guides addresses neurological impairment in several chapters. Unlike the musculoskeletal chapters, Chapter 13, The Central and Peripheral Nervous System, does not use grades, grade modifiers, and a net adjustment formula; rather the chapter uses an approach that is similar to that in prior editions of the AMA Guides. The following steps can be used to perform a CNS rating: 1) evaluate all four major categories of cerebral impairment, and choose the one that is most severe; 2) rate the single most severe cerebral impairment of the four major categories; 3) rate all other impairments that are due to neurogenic problems; and 4) combine the rating of the single most severe category of cerebral impairment with the ratings of all other impairments. Because some neurological dysfunctions are rated elsewhere in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, the evaluator may consult Table 13-1 to verify the appropriate chapter to use.

scholarly journals Meningitis Caused by Salmonella Newport in a Five-Year-Old Child

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ana De Malet ◽  
Sheila Ingerto ◽  
Israel Gañán
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Negative Bacillus ◽  
Salmonella Newport ◽  
Gram Negative Bacillus ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Salmonella Newport is a Gram-negative bacillus belonging to the Enterobacteria family and the nontyphi Salmonella (NTS), usually related to gastroenteritis. Main difference between NTS and Salmonella typhi is that the last one evolves to an invasive disease easier than NTS. These can progress to bacteremias in around 5% of cases and secondary focuses can appear occasionally, as in meningitis. An infection of the central nervous system is uncommon, considering its incidence in 0.6–8% of the cases; most of them are described in developing countries and mainly in childhood, especially neonates. Bacterial meningitis by NTS mostly affects immunosuppressed people in Europe. Prognosis is adverse, with a 50% mortality rate, mainly due to complications of infection: hydrocephalus, ventriculitis, abscesses, subdural empyema, or stroke. Choice antibiotic treatments are cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, or ceftazidime. The aim of this paper is to present a case of meningitis caused by Salmonella Newport diagnosed in a five-year-old girl living in a rural area of the province of Ourense (Spain), with favorable evolution and without neurological disorders.

scholarly journals Insights Into the Role of CSF1R in the Central Nervous System and Neurological Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banglian Hu ◽  
Shengshun Duan ◽  
Ziwei Wang ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Yuhang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Axonal Spheroids ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Stimulating Factor

The colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is a key tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptor modulating microglial homeostasis, neurogenesis, and neuronal survival in the central nervous system (CNS). CSF1R, which can be proteolytically cleaved into a soluble ectodomain and an intracellular protein fragment, supports the survival of myeloid cells upon activation by two ligands, colony stimulating factor 1 and interleukin 34. CSF1R loss-of-function mutations are the major cause of adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) and its dysfunction has also been implicated in other neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we review the physiological functions of CSF1R in the CNS and its pathological effects in neurological disorders including ALSP, AD, frontotemporal dementia and multiple sclerosis. Understanding the pathophysiology of CSF1R is critical for developing targeted therapies for related neurological diseases.

scholarly journals Identification of a Novel BRCA1 Alteration in Recurrent Melanocytoma Resulting in Increased Proliferation

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 1233-1238
Author(s):  
Teresa San-Miguel ◽  
Lara Navarro ◽  
Beatriz Sánchez-Sendra ◽  
Javier Megías ◽  
Lisandra Muñoz-Hidalgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Proliferation Index ◽  
Benign Neoplasms ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Epigenetic Landscape ◽  
Meningeal Melanocytoma ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The One

Abstract Primary meningeal melanocytomas are rare tumors of the central nervous system. Although they are considered benign neoplasms, some reports describe recurrent rates up to 45%. Little is known about their genetic and epigenetic landscape because of their infrequency. Even less has been described about markers with prognostic value. Here we describe a patient who developed a primary meningeal melanocytoma, suffered 3 recurrences in a period of 6 years and died of the tumor. The genetic and epigenetic changes explored confirmed GNAQ mutation as an initiating event. We found an epigenetic alteration of GSTP1, a feature that has recently been described in meningiomas, from the beginning of the disease. In addition, there was loss of heterozygosity in BRCA1 beginning in the second recurrence that was linked to an increase in the proliferation index; this suggested a progression pathway similar to the one described in uveal melanomas. These findings underscore the necessity of further research focused on these tumors.

Infestations expérimentales de crabes juvéniles par la sacculine. Ultrastructure des racines parasitaires en croissance et relations avec la niasse ganglionnaire ventrale de l'hôte

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1818-1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneviève G. Payen ◽  
Michelle Hubert ◽  
Yves Turquier ◽  
Claudio Rubiliani ◽  
Colette Chassard-Bouchaud
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Sacculina Carcini ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The One ◽  
Host Tissues

Experimental infestations of young Carcinus with Sacculina carcini indicate that the ventral ganglionic mass (VGM) is the first "target" of the parasite roots into the host tissues. As in pubescent crabs naturally parasitized, either with or without an external visceral sac, the roots penetrate and invade that area of the central nervous system during the first month of infestation.Ultrastructural study of the developing roots, in contact with the VGM, leads to the conclusion that apart from a few embryonic characters, the root cells show a cytostructure similar to the one that has been observed in the roots naturally parasitizing pubescent crabs, whether the external visceral sac is present or not.In the two cases of infestation the roots which cross the neurolemma bring about a marked disorganization of ganglia in consequence of the alteration of the neuroglia, neuropiles and neurosecretory areas.An action of the parasite at a distance, i.e. in the absence of contact of the roots with the ganglia, also occurs. It is especially marked as early as 1 month after infestation by a degeneration of the secretory perikarya.A thin sheath of connective tissue is sometimes visible between the growing roots and the VGM of juvenile crabs. However, the existence of that tissue cannot be definitely attributed to a host defense reaction.No effect of the developing parasite on the already differentiated external sex characters of the host has been noticed within the limits of the experiments.

scholarly journals On reciprocal innervation of antagonistic muscles.―Eighth note

1905 ◽  
Vol 76 (509) ◽  
pp. 269-297 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Spinal Reflex ◽  
Flexion Reflex ◽  
Reflex Reaction ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Spinal Region ◽  
The One ◽  
Antagonistic Muscles

The following note deals more especially with observations on inhibition occurring in instances of "reciprocal innervation" obtained as a spinal reflex reaction. My view is that inhibition of this kind is part and parcel of the normal reflex process, so that in a reflex it goes on side by side with excitation of other muscles opposed to those which are inhibited. One main consideration which supported the view is the correspondence of the skin-fields whence the reflex contraction of the one set of muscles and the inhibition of the opposed set of muscles can be elicited. So, also, the correspondence of the afferent nerve-trunks, and of the points of surface of the central nervous system whence are elicited the two effects. But to test the view further, I have now attempted to examine in some particulars the conditions attaching to the initiation, and the course run by the two phenomena under comparable circumstances. I. Even in one and the same spinal region the modes of origination, time-relations, etc., of the several elicitable, e. g ., in the dog's hind limb, the "extensor thrust," the "direct-flexion reflex," the "scratch reflex," differ so greatly for each of the types as compared with the others, that in order to compare the inhibition phenomenon with the excitation phenomenon it is important to take both the phenomena from the same type-reflex. The type-reflex I have taken for the purpose has been the "direct-flexion reflex" of the hind limb.

Brain Injury Associated With Chronic Alcoholism

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-68,81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Ragan ◽  
Charles K. Singleton ◽  
Peter R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Chronic Alcoholism ◽  
Cerebellar Degeneration ◽  
Wernicke's Encephalopathy ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractAlcoholism can result in a number of severe consequences to the central nervous system, including Korsakoff's psychosis, delusions, delirium, Wernicke's encephalopathy, and cerebellar degeneration. Many of these disorders have a substantially higher prevalence than had been previously believed. Neuropathologic and neuroimaging studies have been instrumental in identifying the changes undergone by the alcoholic brain and the factors that may contribute to alcohol-induced brain damage. Biologic differences appear to make women especially susceptible to central nervous system insult from alcohol abuse. The damage caused by alcohol may be associated, in part, with thiamine deficiency, neuronal excitotoxicity, and magnesium wasting.

scholarly journals SOME ASPECTS OF THE PATHOGENESIS OF ISCHEMIC-HYPOXIC LESIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN NEWBORNS

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-115
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Viktorovna Ledyaikina ◽  
Larisa Alexandrovna Balykova ◽  
Svetlana Vasilyevna Garina ◽  
Olga Nikolaevna Soldatova ◽  
A A Tolkunova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Phospholipid Bilayer ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Perinatal Morbidity ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The problem of perinatal morbidity in case of insufficiently high fertility in Russia is one of the most relevant at the monent. The leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality continue to remain hypoxic-ischemic brain damage the fetus and newborn. Ischemic-hypoxic damage of the central nervous system (CNS) is the most dangerous and prognostic significance. They often fatal and takes a leading role in the future of children and maladjustment of severe disabling diseases. Introduction of innovative medical technologies in health care practice greatly enhances the study of the causes of many diseases and abnormalities in newborns and helps to clarify the etiology, pathogenetic mechanisms, clinical and morphological structure, as well as typical for different gestational age localization of brain damage. It is shown that the generalized disorder of lipid metabolism with the development membranodestruktive processes is closely correlated with the severity of hypoxic-ischemic lesions of the central nervous system. It was found that infants who underwent antenatal and / or intranatal hypoxia, there are significant transformation of lipid metabolism lead to changes in the composition of lipids of blood plasma and red blood cells (with the accumulation level of chaotropic fractions phospholipid bilayer membranes of red blood cells - Lizoform phospholipids and free fatty acids). The necessity inclusion complex therapy consequences of perinatal hypoxia drugs, which have antioxidant, antihypoxic activity and the ability to regulate lipid metabolism.

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