Biotechnology in India: Emerging opportunities

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
International Community ◽  
The West ◽  
Biotechnology Companies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Biotechnology Sector

The global biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry is beleaguered with several challenges such as high R&D costs, increasing regulatory restraints and stagnant product pipelines. Thus, major multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies from the West are increasingly looking for low-cost suitable alternatives. Among the emerging markets, India is seen as a low-cost destination with ample opportunities available to be capitalised on without compromising on the quality. To complement the interest from international community, India is also liberalising its economy and offering increasing opportunities to invest, along with other several reforms undertaken by the government. After information technology (IT), the focus is now on biotechnology in India, as is evident with the release of recent draft of the Biotechnology Policy 2005. This paper offer insights into India's biotechnology sector and opportunities.

scholarly journals PERANCANGAN HUNIAN SEWA UNTUK MILENIAL DI PADEMANGAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1433
Author(s):  
Fanuel Fang ◽  
Rudy Surya
Keyword(s):  
Green Space ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
The West ◽  
Railroad Tracks ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

Urbanization has become a common phenomenon in big cities, with the exception of Jakarta. Urbanites (the name for people who are urbanizing) usually come to Jakarta to get jobs with higher wages than their home regions. Although the cost of living in Jakarta is relatively expensive, large revenues are the main focus for them. This is what has contributed to the emergence of slums in the capital, as happened in Pademangan Barat Village. The majority of migrants dominated by millennials work as shop employees in Mangga Dua and labor convection. They occupy semi-permanent buildings in narrow alleys, even to the extent that they fill along the edge of the railroad tracks that pass in Pademangan, which should be a green line. The existence of such housing makes the West Pademangan Area seem dingy, crowded with buildings, and loses its green space. This is because the rental price is cheap and sufficient to meet the needs of residents who only need a temporary resting place. The government has actually provided low-cost flats in Kemayoran, but it seems influential in reducing these slum dwellings. Vertical rental housing which simultaneously provides shared facilities also plays a role as a green space to compensate for the density of buildings in Pademangan. So that not only intended for residents, but also can be used by the surrounding residents, where analyzed by the author to be located in 10th RW (citizen association) of Pademangan Barat. AbstrakUrbanisasi telah menjadi fenomena yang umum terjadi di kota besar, tanpa terkecuali Jakarta. Kaum urban (sebutan untuk orang yang melakukan urbanisasi) biasanya datang ke Jakarta untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan dengan upah lebih tinggi dibandingkan daerah asal mereka. Karenanya, pengeluaran selama berada di Jakarta diminimalisir sebisa mungkin, termasuk dalam hal memilih tempat tinggal sementara. Hal inilah yang ikut mengakibatkan munculnya pemukiman kumuh di ibukota, sebagaimana yang terjadi di Kelurahan Pademangan Barat. Para pendatang yang didominasi generasi milenial ini mayoritas berprofesi sebagai karyawan toko di Mangga Dua dan buruh konveksi. Mereka menempati bangunan semi dan non-permanen di gang-gang sempit, bahkan hingga memenuhi sepanjang pinggir rel kereta api yang melintas di Pademangan, dimana semestinya merupakan jalur hijau. Keberadaan hunian seperti inilah yang membuat Kawasan Pademangan Barat terkesan kumuh, padat dengan bangunan, dan kehilangan ruang hijaunya. Meski hanya berupa bangunan berbahan triplek kayu yang menumpang di dinding pembatas rel kereta, namun kamar-kamar yang disewakan ini begitu diminati bahkan hingga kelebihan kapasitas. Hal ini dikarenakan harga sewanya yang murah dan cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan penghuni yang hanya memerlukan tempat beristirahat sementara. Pemerintah sebenarnya telah menyediakan rumah susun murah di Kemayoran, namun tampaknya berpengaruh dalam mengurangi hunian kumuh ini. Hunian sewa vertikal yang sekaligus menyediakan fasilitas bersama, turut berperan sebagai ruang hijau untuk mengimbangi kepadatan bangunan yang ada di Pademangan. Sehingga tidak hanya diperuntukkan bagi penghuni, namun juga dapat digunakan oleh warga sekitarnya, dimana berdasarkan analisa penulis berlokasi di RW 10 Kelurahan Pademangan Barat.

The Forest in the Metropolis: Elk Island (Losinyi Ostrov) National Park and the Disappointments of the Russian National Park Movement

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-312
Author(s):  
Alan Roe
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
International Community ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The West ◽  
Elk Island National Park ◽  
The Government ◽  
Do So

A 116 square-kilometer section of forest in the northwest part of Moscow, Elk Island National Park (Losynyi ostrov) became Russia’s first in 1983. Russian environmentalists became enamored with national parks through increased interaction with Western colleagues, Russian environmentalists, including the supporters of Elk Island National Park, asserted that the USSR’s lack of national parks demonstrated that Russian environmental protection efforts lagged behind the West. This strategy was successful in pushing the government to establish national parks, including Elk Island. However, Russian environmentalists have had much less success in convincing government officials to support, protect, and develop national parks, even as they frequently asserted that its failure to do so cast Russia in a bad light before the international community. Because of its highly visible location in Moscow, Elk Island’s struggles have been a particularly painful reminder for Russian environmentalists of the Russian Federation’s seeming disinterest in national parks.

Cloning an industry: Strategy typologies of Shanghai biotechnology companies

1969 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Malone ◽  
Brent Hales ◽  
Justin Chan ◽  
Monica Love ◽  
Jeremiah Rayner
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Strategic Choice ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Leadership Strategies ◽  
Cost Leadership ◽  
Generic Strategy ◽  
Biotechnology Companies ◽  
Biotechnology Sector ◽  
Insight Into

Insight into the development of the medicinal biotechnology sector of China is provided through interviews of 19 Shanghai-based companies. Two commonly accepted strategy typologies are used to provide a predictive frame towards understanding their potential in the market. Most of the companies interviewed use the Miles & Snow Analyser Strategy. Two companies were clearly Prospectors, with founders of both discovering their technologies in laboratories of developed countries. The Porter Generic Strategy typology indicated that most are using Cost Leadership strategies. The strategic choice of these companies is problematic given the dynamics of the global market in which they could participate but are more sensible within the context of a protected market. For example, it appears that government-sponsored monopoly policies are driving low-cost strategies rather than innovation-based differentiation strategies.

Leading through Chaos in a Neocolonial Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Laura Colket
Keyword(s):  
International Community ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Personal Stories ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Foreign Governments ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post Disaster

Academic and public discourses often oversimplify the complex historical, social, and discursive forces that have created the current realities in Haiti. These discourses ignore or distort the role that foreign governments and international agencies have played and continue to play in the creation of the Haitian state. They portray the Haitian government as singular and static, corrupt and incapable, and fail to acknowledge changes in leadership and the diversity of individuals who exist within the government. This “single story” about Haiti privileges the international community and overlooks the stories from Haitians who are working to rebuild and reimagine their own country. This article examines the personal stories of Haitians in order to better understand the nature of Haitian leadership in a neocolonial, post-disaster context.

Documents and Source Material

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
Palestinian Authority ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
The West ◽  
White House ◽  
Peace Negotiations ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
The Government ◽  
Source Materials

This section comprises international, Arab, Israeli, and U.S. documents and source materials, as well as an annotated list of recommended reports. Significant developments this quarter: In the international diplomatic arena, the UN Security Council approved Resolution 2334, reaffirming the illegality of Israeli settlements and calling for a return to peace negotiations. Additionally, former U.S. secretary of state John Kerry delivered a final address on the Israel-Palestine conflict, outlining a groundwork for negotiations. Two weeks later, international diplomats met in Paris to establish incentives for Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Palestinian Authority president Mahmoud Abbas to return to the negotiating table. Despite international discussions of peace talks and the impediment settlements pose to a two-state solution, the Israeli Knesset passed the controversial Regulation Law, enabling the government to retroactively legalize settlements and confiscate Palestinian land throughout the West Bank. Meanwhile, U.S. president Donald Trump took office on 20 January 2017, and he wasted no time before inviting Netanyahu to the White House for their first meeting, in February.

KAJIAN LITERATUR MODEL KONSEPTUAL KEBERHASILAN E-GOVERNMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadus Gunawan Sudarsono ◽  
Sri Poedji Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Digital Government ◽  
Management Ethics ◽  
The Government

The use of internet technology in the government environment is known as electronic government or e-government. In simple terms, e-government or digital government is an activity carried out by the government by using information technology support in providing services to the community. In line with the spirit of bureaucratic reform in Indonesia, e-government has a role in improving the quality of public services and helping the process of delivering information more effectively to the public. Over time, the application of e-Government has turned out to have mixed results. In developed countries, the application of e-Government systems in the scope of government has produced various benefits ranging from the efficiency of administrative processes and various innovations in the field of public services. But on the contrary in the case of developing countries including Indonesia, the results are more alarming where many government institutions face obstacles and even fail to achieve significant improvements in the quality of public services despite having adequate information and communication technology. The paradigm of bureaucrats who wrongly considers that the success of e-Government is mainly determined by technology. Even though there are many factors outside of technology that are more dominant as causes of failure such as organizational management, ethics and work culture. This study aims to develop a model of success in the application of e-Government from several best practice models in the field of information technology that have been widely used so far using literature studies as research methods. The results of the study show that the conceptual model of the success of the implementation of e-Government developed consists of 17 determinants of success..Keywords: Model, Factor, Success, System, e-Government

СТАЛИНДИК БИЙЛИК Ч.АЙТМАТОВДУН КӨРКӨМ ОЙ ЖҮГҮРТҮҮСҮНДӨ

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-87
Author(s):  
Б. Ниясалиева ◽  
Н. Алтыкеева
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Good Luck ◽  
The West ◽  
Innocent People ◽  
The Government

Аннотация. Ч.Айтматов “Кылым карытар бир күн” романында ачыктап бере албаган бийлик маселеси кийинки демократиянын учурунда романдын уландысы катары берилген “Чынгызхандын ак булуту “ аттуу чыгармасында таама көрсөтүлдү. Аталган чыгарма сталиндик бийликти сынга алуу менен бийликтин курмандыктары болгон күнөөсүз адамдардын оор тагдырын чагылдырат. Сталиндин образын ачуу максатында элдик легендага кайрылып, Чынгызхандын образы аркылуу Сталиндин образын чагылдырган. Чыгармадагы Тансыкбаевдин образы мансапка манчыркап, адам тагдыры менен ойногон наадан адамдардын образын ачууда колдонулган. Абуталип, Эрдене, Догуланг – булар бийликтин курмандыктары. Алар алдыда өлүм күтүп турса да, өз көз караштарынан тайышпады, өлүмгө тике кароо менен жеңиш дайыма алар тарапта экендигин аныктай алышты. Ырас, Тансыкбаев да өз максатына жете алган жок, Чынгызхан болсо батышты багынтам деген тилегине жетпеди, ал эбегейсиз күчүн жоготту, мындан ары анын жолу болбоду. Түйүндүү сөздөр: образ, демократия, каарман, легенда, идея, көркөм ой жүгүртүү. Аннотация. Проблема правительства, которую Ч.Айтматов не смог раскрыть в романе “И дольше века длится день, ярко показаны в произведении “Белое облако Чингизхана” созданное во время демократии как продолжение названного произведения. В данном произведений критикуется и отражается тяжелая судьба безвинного народа, которые стали жертвами сталинского режима. Писатель обратился к народной легенде для раскрытия образа Сталина, через образ Чингизхана. В произведений образ Тансыкбаева применятся для раскрытия образов людей, которые ради собственного нажива использовали судьбы народа. Абуталип, Эрдене, Догуланг – они жертвы правительства. Несмотря ни на что, они не отреклись от своих убеждений, стояли на смерть ради справедливости. В статье говорится о не достижении своей цели Тансыкбаева, о не покорении Чингизханом Запада, о том, что Чингизхан потерял всю свою силу и удача его покидает. Ключевые слова: власть, образ, демократия, герой, легенда, идея, художественное размышление.. Annotation. The problem of the government, which Ch. Aitmatov could not reveal in the novel “And the day lasts more than a century”is clearly shown in the works “White cloud of Genghis Khan” created during the democracy as a continuation of the title work. In this work criticized and reflected the heavy fate of innocent people who were the victims of the Stalinist regime. The writer appealed to the folk legend to reveal the image of Genghis Khan the writer conveys the image of Stalin. In the work (composition) the image of Tansykbaev will be used to reveal the images of people who used the people’s destinies for their own profit . Abutalip, Erdene, Doulan-they are the victims of government. No matter what, they didn’t renounce their beliefs, stood to death for justice . The article says about not achieving the goal of Tansykbaeva, about not conguering the West by Genghis Khan and that Genghis Khan lost all his strength and good luck leaves him. Key words: power, image, democracy, hero, legend, idea, artistic reflection.

scholarly journals Testing the Effectiveness of CSR Dimensions for Small Business Entrepreneurs

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Nor Hadi ◽  
Udin Udin
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Loan Terms ◽  
The Government ◽  
Contract Implementation ◽  
Corporate Social

This article is intended to empirically test the effectiveness of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) dimension of assistance to Small Business Entrepreneurs (SMEs) under companies’ guidance of Semen Indonesia in Central and East Java. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) implementation for Small Business Entrepreneurs (SMEs), besides as a social contract implementation, is also an effort to increase legitimacy. This study is essential to obtain effective and relevant CSR dimensions recommended for the SME empowering program. The study was conducted at SMEs domiciled around the mining area and the cement factory. Out of 250 SMEs, 92 SMEs were involved in this study. The research data was primary, including respondents’ opinions, where the data were taken using survey and interview procedures. Data analysis using statistics was a factorial analysis. The results showed that of the eight programs included in CSR in the field of assistance for empowering SMEs, two were effective for empowering SMEs: (1) low-cost revolving funds and (2) production equipment assistance for SMEs. Meanwhile, six other CSR programs showed ineffectiveness: (1) mentoring, (2) marketing, (3) ease of procedure and relief of loan terms, (4) education and training, (5) accessibility of obtaining loans, and (6) the involvement of parties in the implementation of CSR. It indicated that the six CSR programs were not effective in helping to build image and legitimacy. The results of the research make an important contribution to the government and corporations and show that the construction of CSR programs must give attention to the real conditions and needs of SMEs in order to achieve effectiveness in solving problems by SMEs. Especially for the government, regulations are needed that can systemically encourage companies to implement CSR. This research still has limitations, therefore further research should be developed, especially in the area of empirical testing related to the contextual dimensions of CSR that are relevant to assisted stakeholders. Development-based research should be considered.

scholarly journals Do Institutional Transplants Succeed? Regulating Raiffeisen Cooperatives in South India, 1930–1960

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Maanik Nath
Keyword(s):  
South India ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Credit Market ◽  
Rural Credit ◽  
Market State ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Rural Credit Market

The government in British-ruled India established cooperative banks to compete with private moneylenders in the rural credit market. State officials expected greater competition to increase the supply of low-cost credit, thereby expanding investment potential for the rural poor. Cooperatives did increase credit supply but captured a small share of the credit market and reported net losses throughout the late colonial and early postcolonial period. The article asks why this experiment did not succeed and offers two explanations. First, low savings restricted the role of social capital and mutual supervision as methods of financial regulation in the cooperative sector. Second, a political-economic ideology that privileged equity over efficiency made for weak administrative regulation.

scholarly journals A forced migration from Myanmar to Bangladesh and beyond: humanitarian response to Rohingya refugee crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malang Faye
Keyword(s):  
Forced Migration ◽  
International Community ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Humanitarian Response ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Mass Killings

AbstractIt is widely agreed that the Rohingya Muslims of Myanmar are currently named as the most persecuted minority in the world. The racial prosecution is triggered by the decades of longstanding insurgency between the Government of Myanmar and the Rohingya Muslims over the issues of religious and ethnic discrepancy. This article presents the measures taken by the international community to stop these mass killings. The article offers critical insights into strategies used by Myanmar’s government to suppress the Rohingyas. This study highlights the rights violation and humanitarian struggle faced by the Rohingya people and the humanitarian response to the crises by the international community.

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