scholarly journals Effect of high doses of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) treatments on follicular developments, ovulation and pregnancy rate in boer goats

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1374-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuib Mohamad Mohtar Mohamad ◽  
Wahid Haron Abd ◽  
Yusoff Rosnina ◽  
Zuki Abu Bakar Md ◽  
Malik Abdul
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Boer Goats

scholarly journals Dose-response effects of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) on early embryonic development and viable pregnancy rate in rats

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
CF Tain ◽  
HH Goh ◽  
SC Ng
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Embryo Yield ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
High Doses

The present study examined the dose-response effects of eCG treatment alone and in combination with various doses of hCG on early embryonic development in vivo and viable pregnancy rate in rats. Mated female Wistar rats were treated with eCG alone (0, 10, 20 or 40 iu), or with 20 iu eCG in combination with various doses of hCG (10, 20, 40 or 80 iu) administered 48 h later. The animals were killed on days 2, 3, 4, 5 or 14 of pregnancy and the numbers of embryos and fetuses recovered were scored. All rats treated with 0 or 10 iu eCG were pregnant. The pregnancy rate was reduced from 62.5% on day 2 to 25% on day 14 and from 31% on day 2 to 10% on day 14 in the groups treated with 20 and 40 iu eCG, respectively. The reduction in pregnancy rate induced by 20 iu eCG was negated by the increasing doses of hCG used. A 100% pregnancy rate was noted on days 2 and 3 in the groups treated with doses of hCG between 10 and 80 iu and from day 2 to day 4 in the groups treated with doses of hCG between 20 and 80 iu. However, a higher viable pregnancy rate was observed only in the group treated with 10 iu hCG compared with the group treated with 20 iu eCG and 0 iu hCG. These results imply that hyperstimulation of rats with high doses of eCG compromises pregnancy rate and markedly reduces litter size and that the addition of hCG is required for complete ovulation, which results in higher embryo yield and a delay in early embryo demise.

5 Heat stress during pregnancy compromises intrauterine development and reproductive parameters of female progeny in C57BL/6J mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
T. F. M. Bento ◽  
J. R. N. da Silva ◽  
J. M. G. Souza-Fabjan ◽  
R. C. Silva ◽  
S. B. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Oocyte Nucleus ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Intrauterine Development ◽  
Population Total ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Somatic Development

Heat stress (HS) affects the reproduction of many species, causing subfertility by reducing gametogenesis. This study assessed the effect of HS at different stages of pregnancy in C57BL/6J mice on the somatic development and reproductive parameters of F1 females. A total of 40 females and 40 males aged between 5 and 6 weeks old were mated (1:1). After mating confirmation (vaginal plug presence) the females were subjected to HS during pregnancy in the first half (FP, from Day 1 to 10; n=10), the second half (SP, from Day 11 to delivery; n=10), or the total pregnancy (TP, n=10). A control group (C, n=10) was maintained in normothermic conditions (25°C, 45% relative humidity) throughout the experiment. The HS was induced (41°C for 2h daily) in an environmental chamber heated by 2 red lamps. After delivery, birthweight was recorded and somatic development of the F1 females was monitored weekly until 8 weeks of age. They were superovulated with 5IU of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) and 5IU of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) 48h later and mated with control F1 males in four groups: FP×C; SP×C; TP×C; and C×C, female and male, respectively. At 72h after mating confirmation, uterine flushing was performed with 0.5mL of phosphate-buffered saline + 0.4% bovine serum albumin and embryos classified. Ovaries were collected for histological analysis of the follicular population with the formula: follicles per ovary×n section×section thickness/n section observed×average diameter of the oocyte nucleus. Pregnancy rate was analysed by chi-squared test. Data of pups born per female, birthweight, somatic development, follicular population, total and viable structures recovered by female were tested for normality by the Shapiro-Wilk test, before ANOVA and Tukey test. Values of P<0.05 were considered to indicate a difference and P<0.10a tendency. No difference (P>0.05) among groups was detected in pregnancy rate (C=80; FP=40; SP=60; TP=60%) or in the number of pups born per female (C=7.0±1.0; FP=6.0±1.5; SP=6.5±1.5; TP=5.1±1.5). Birthweight was lower (P<0.05) for FP (1.1g) and TP (1.2g) than for C (2.2g) and SP (1.8g). However, this difference disappeared (P>0.05) in the third week of development and remained similar until the eighth week (C=21.0; FP=20.4, SP=20.3, TP=20.0g). Similar (P>0.05) follicular population by ovary (total, primordial, primary, secondary, and antral) was observed between the C and HS groups. However, among HS groups, the total number of follicles and number of primordial follicles, respectively, were lower (P<0.05) in the FP (1623; 942) compared with SP (2735; 1918) and TP (2626; 2352); with no difference in primary, secondary, and antral follicles. This resulted in similar (P>0.05) total number of structures recovered by females (C=11.8±5.0, FP=7.6±2.4, SP=10.8±5.5, TP=6.9±3.1), with a tendency (P=0.06) to fewer viable embryos in TP (4.3±2.7) compared with C (9.5±4.6). Considering the increasing global temperature, it is imperative to understand the effects of HS on animal reproductive capacity. In conclusion, gestational HS impaired mice intrauterine development and changed the ovarian follicular population in the F1 generation.

Induction of superovulation in mature rats with gonadotrophins

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Husain ◽  
R. Saucier
Keyword(s):  
Mature Female ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

Ovulation was induced in mature female rats by appropriately timed injections of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). Various combinations of the gonadotrophins were used. Maximal ovulatory response was consistently obtained with 50 I.U. PMSG and any combination of HCG between 50 I.U. and 5000 I.U. On the basis of the results obtained it is recommended that 50 I.U. PMSG and 50 I.U. HCG be injected to obtain a maximal ovulatory response in mature rats. High doses of PMSG (but not HCG) suppress ovulation markedly.

scholarly journals Use of Estradiol Cypionate to induce ovulation in buffalo raised in floodplain areas of Itacoatiara, Amazonas

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
J.H.A. Weiller ◽  
M.V.C. Ferraz Júnior ◽  
F. Jacobs Dias ◽  
G.Y. Hattori
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽  
Timed Artificial Insemination ◽  
Intravaginal Device

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the efficiency of estradiol cypionate (EC) as an ovulation inducer in a Timed Artificial Insemination protocol. 69 buffalo cows received an intravaginal progesterone device and 2mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) at D0. On D9, the intravaginal device was removed and 0.53mg of prostaglandin (PGF2α) and 400UI of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) were applied. The cows were distributed into two groups: the first group received 1mg of EC (ECG) in D9, and the second group received 1mg of EB (EBG) in D10. Inseminations occurred on D11. Ovarian activity and pregnancy diagnosis were analyzed by ultrasonography. There was no difference (P>0.05) in follicular diameter (9.6 ± 0.89mm vs. 10.7 ± 1.12mm; P=0.06), in ovulation rate (90.9% vs. 90.9%; P=1) and pregnancy rate (58.8% vs. 62.9%; P=0.79), however, buffalo cows from the ECG treatment have less time between P4 removal and ovulation when compared to EBG buffalos (37.4h vs. 52.8h; P=0.001), respectively. Thus, it was concluded that the implantation of TAI in the floodplain of Amazonas is feasible and the use of EC results in successful rates, similar to EB.

Asynchronous embryo transfer as a tool to understand embryo–uterine interaction in cattle: is a large conceptus a good thing?

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Randi ◽  
Beatriz Fernandez-Fuertes ◽  
Michael McDonald ◽  
Niamh Forde ◽  
Alan K. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Good Thing ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Conceptus Development ◽  
Intravaginal Device ◽  
Fresh Transfer

The aim was to examine the effect of embryo–uterine synchrony on conceptus elongation and pregnancy rate in cattle. In Study 1, crossbred beef heifers each received 10 Day-7 in vitro-produced blastocysts on either Day 5, 7 or 9 after oestrus. A proportion of Day 5 recipients were supplemented with progesterone, via a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device from Days 3–5 plus either 750 IU equine chorionic gonadotrophin or 3000 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin on Day 3. At embryo age Day 14, all heifers were slaughtered and the uterus was flushed. Fewer recipients yielded conceptuses (P < 0.05) and fewer conceptuses were recovered (P < 0.05) following transfer on Day 5 compared with Day 7 or 9. Supplementation with progesterone resulted in short cycles in approximately 50% of recipients. Mean conceptus length was greater (P < 0.05) following transfer to an advanced uterus. In Study 2, overall pregnancy rate following the fresh transfer of a single in vitro-produced blastocyst was 43.5% (2065/4749). Transfer of a Day 7 embryo to a synchronous Day-7 uterus resulted in a pregnancy rate of 47.3%. Transfer to a Day-5 (40.8%) or a Day-8 (41.3%) uterus moderately impacted pregnancy rate (P < 0.01) while transfer to a uterus 2 days in advance (Day-9, 24.4%) or 3 days behind (Day-4, 27.0%) reduced (P < 0.001) pregnancy rate compared with synchronous transfers. In conclusion, transfer of an embryo into an advanced uterus results in an acceleration of conceptus development, but does not result in greater pregnancy rates.

151 Influence of chorionic gonadotrophin, breeding procedure, and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone on pregnancy, embryo viability, and kidding rate of lactating Alpine goats time inseminated during the early transitional reproductive phase

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
M. Calle ◽  
L. Dawson ◽  
M. Rojas ◽  
E. Loetz
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Gnrh Analogue ◽  
Embryo Viability ◽  
Response Variable ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Intramuscular Dose ◽  
Reproductive Phase ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone

Oestrus and ovulation synchronisation (E/OS) regimens containing equine chorionic gonadotrophin (ECG) are used for follicular stimulation during the early transitional reproductive phase and goat anestrus. However, the effects of ECG when applied at different times are unknown. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the influence of ECG, breeding procedure, and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on pregnancy, embryonic viability, and kidding rate in dairy goats. We used 41 alpine goats (mean±standard deviation: 3.82±1.2 years old; 57.0±6.0kg of bodyweight; 1.75-2.25 body condition score; 195±16.7 days in milk; range of 1-4 kiddings). This study took place during the transitional phase (12h of daylight, 12h of dark) in September (35.9° N, 97.3° W) using controlled internal drug release intravaginal inserts (300mg of progestagen; P4) for 11, 12, or 13 days with a 2-mL intramuscular dose containing 10mg of dinoprost tromethamine at P4 removal. The E/OS protocols differed on the time when the 1-mL intramuscular dose of P.G. 600© (Merck Animal Health; 120 and 60IU of ECG and human chorionic gonadotrophin, respectively) was given (i.e. early=24h before P4 removal; late=24h after P4 removal), and the traditional control group did not receive P.G. 600. Time breeding, either by laparoscopic-aided insemination using frozen-thawed semen (n=28) or natural (n=13), was scheduled 48h after P4 removal. To improve embryo survival, 5 days post-breeding (dpb) 21 goats received 1mL of GnRH analogue intramuscularly as 50µgmL−1 gonadorelin diacetate tetrahydrate, and 20 control goats received 1mL of placebo intramuscularly. Pregnancy rate (PR) was evaluated at d 18-24 by non-return to oestrus, d 30 by pregnancy-specific protein B, and d 40 by ultrasound. Kidding rate was determined for females with at least one newborn. Logistic regression was used to establish statistical significance. Days of P4 exposure did not influence any response variable (P&gt;0.20). Table 1 summarises the results; age influenced all PR evaluations. The number of kiddings and administration of GnRH at 5 dpb had a significant effect on PR, whereas bodyweight, days in milk, E/OS protocol, and breeding procedure were not influential. Embryo viability and kidding rate were not influenced by any variable. In short, P.G. 600 had no bearing on any response variable analysed. Late-lactating goats can be evaluated early in the transitional breeding phase using PR at 18-24, 30, or 40 dpb. As indicated by the lack of effect on embryo viability at 30 and 40 days, the mechanism by which GnRH increases PR was not by decreasing embryo mortality. Table 1.Logistic model independent variable probabilities on response variables1 Response variable Age (years) BW Kidding DIM E/OS protocol GnRH Breeding procedure PR 18-24 d 0.02 0.65 0.15 0.52 0.37 0.21 0.30 PR 30 d 0.01 0.56 0.05 0.58 0.61 0.05 0.39 PR 40 d 0.001 0.12 0.01 0.60 0.62 0.02 0.35 EV 30 d 0.62 0.96 0.61 0.63 0.30 0.32 0.36 EV 40 d 0.44 0.90 0.26 0.36 0.46 0.17 0.40 KR 0.83 0.93 0.63 0.86 0.42 0.29 0.35 1BW=body weight; DIM=days in milk; E/OS=oestrus/ovulation synchronisation; GnRH=gonadotrophin-releasing hormone; PR=pregnancy rate; EV=embryo viability at 30 and 40 d; KR=kidding rate.

Oestrus and ovulation following administration of placental gonadotrophins to Merino ewes

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 707 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Lamond
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Dual Effect ◽  
Final Injection ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin ◽  
Ovarian Cycles

Following progesterone suppression of ovarian cycles, Merino ewes were given a combination of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMS) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) 1 or 2 days after the final injection of progesterone. The incidence of oestrus was recorded and the ewes were mated with entire rams. Laparotomy was carried out 2–3 days after oestrus to observe the number of ovulations and the follicular changes. The ewes were killed 5–6 weeks after treatment and conceptions noted. In non-pregnant ewes the incidence of cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium was recorded. The results may be summarized as follows:(a) Oestrus was inhibited in a high proportion of ewes receiving doses of 540 or 1620 i.u. of HCG. This was independent of the dose of PMS. (b) The number of large follicles was greatest at high doses of HCG. (c) In ewes receiving high doses of HCG, oestrus, if it occurred, was associated with large follicles. (d) Less than 10% of ewes conceived. (e) Endometrial cysts were present in a high proportion of ewes. It is suggested that HCG has a dual effect on ovarian function, depending on dose and the time of injection in relation to stage of follicular growth.

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