Oestrus and ovulation following administration of placental gonadotrophins to Merino ewes

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 707 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Lamond
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Dual Effect ◽  
Final Injection ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin ◽  
Ovarian Cycles

Following progesterone suppression of ovarian cycles, Merino ewes were given a combination of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMS) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) 1 or 2 days after the final injection of progesterone. The incidence of oestrus was recorded and the ewes were mated with entire rams. Laparotomy was carried out 2–3 days after oestrus to observe the number of ovulations and the follicular changes. The ewes were killed 5–6 weeks after treatment and conceptions noted. In non-pregnant ewes the incidence of cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium was recorded. The results may be summarized as follows:(a) Oestrus was inhibited in a high proportion of ewes receiving doses of 540 or 1620 i.u. of HCG. This was independent of the dose of PMS. (b) The number of large follicles was greatest at high doses of HCG. (c) In ewes receiving high doses of HCG, oestrus, if it occurred, was associated with large follicles. (d) Less than 10% of ewes conceived. (e) Endometrial cysts were present in a high proportion of ewes. It is suggested that HCG has a dual effect on ovarian function, depending on dose and the time of injection in relation to stage of follicular growth.

Induction of superovulation in mature rats with gonadotrophins

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Husain ◽  
R. Saucier
Keyword(s):  
Mature Female ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

Ovulation was induced in mature female rats by appropriately timed injections of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). Various combinations of the gonadotrophins were used. Maximal ovulatory response was consistently obtained with 50 I.U. PMSG and any combination of HCG between 50 I.U. and 5000 I.U. On the basis of the results obtained it is recommended that 50 I.U. PMSG and 50 I.U. HCG be injected to obtain a maximal ovulatory response in mature rats. High doses of PMSG (but not HCG) suppress ovulation markedly.

Relationship between Changes in Volume of the Oviductal Fluid in the Ampulla and the Descent of Ovulated Eggs from the Ampulla to the Isthmus in Mice

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kanayama ◽  
H Osada
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Oviductal Fluid ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

Follicular growth and ovulation were induced in mice by administration of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) followed 2 days later by human chorionic gonadotrophin; the day of PMSG injection was designated as day 0. The volume of the ampulla was measured and the location of the ovulated eggs determined at 06:00, 10:00, 14:00, 18:00 and 22:00 on day 3, and at 02:00 and 06:00 on day 4. The volume of the ampulla and hence oviductal fluid, peaked at 14:00 on day 3 and then declined. In all oviduct samples taken up to 14:00 on day 3, eggs were found exclusively in the ampulla. Thereafter, an increasing number of eggs were observed in the isthmus. Thus, the migration of eggs from the ampulla to the isthmus was concurrent with the decrease in oviductal fluid volume. The peak in the volume of oviductal fluid seen at day 3 is likely to coincide with the opening of the ampullary-isthmic junction of the oviduct.

Hormonal synchronization of ovulation in beef heifers and fertility after artificial insemination

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 461
Author(s):  
DR Lamond
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Final Injection ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

After ovarian examination, and enucleation of corpora lutea where possible, groups of beef heifers on farms in the New England region were injected with progesterone in oil for 6 days. This was followed in some experiments by treatment with placental gonadotrophins. Artificial insemination was carried out 3–5 days after the final injection of progesterone. The effects of dose of progesterone, pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin, and human chorionic gonadotrophin on fertility were observed. Fertility was highest in heifers in which the corpus luteum was enucleated prior to injection of progesterone.

INDUCTION OF OVULATION BY GONADOTROPHINS IN THE INDIAN FIVE-STRIPED PALM SQUIRREL FUNAMBULUS PENNANTI (WROUGHTON)

1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
PUSHPA SETH ◽  
M. R. N. PRASAD
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Induction Of Ovulation ◽  
Induced Ovulation ◽  
Follicular Maturation ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

SUMMARY Superovulation was induced in palm squirrels by the administration of gonadotrophins. The regimen of treatment effective in inducing ovulation was 60 i.u. pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMS) administered in three doses of 20 i.u. on days 1, 4 and 7, followed by a single injection of 40 i.u. human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) on day 14. The same schedule of PMS and HCG administration induced ovulation in mature and immature squirrels both during the breeding season and the period of sexual quiescence. Ovulation did not occur in PMS-treated females if HCG was not administered. The period required for follicular growth before the follicles responded to the ovulatory stimulus of HCG was 13–14 days; the interval for follicular maturation leading to the release of the ovum was approximately 24 hr. Variations in the numbers of ova shed by different groups of females are related to the phase of the reproductive cycle and the age of the squirrels.

Influence of growth hormone, corticosterone, corticotrophin and changes in the environmental temperature on pituitary-ovarian function in the immature rat

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Wilson ◽  
J. C. Buckingham ◽  
I. D. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Abrupt Change ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Immature Rat ◽  
Assay Methods ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

ABSTRACT The influence of various endocrine and environmental factors on pituitary-ovarian function was studied in peripubertal rats treated with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG). Pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin induced ovulation in rats aged 27 days provided they weighed over 60 g. The response was preceded by a marked hypersecretion of LH which was detectable by radioimmunological and biological assay methods. In contrast, smaller rats of the same age did not ovulate in response to PMSG apparently because of the secretion of a pleiomorphic form of LH which, although immunoreactive, appeared to be biologically inactive. Ovarian function, assessed by response to exogenous gonadotrophins and by measurement of 125I-labelled human chorionic gonadotrophin binding, was normal despite the presence of the biologically inactive pleiomorph. Exposure of the small PMSG-treated rats to a high environmental temperature (39 °C) or treatment with corticosterone or GH altered the nature of the LH in the blood so that it was active in both assay systems and facilitated ovulation as also did ACTH. The results suggest that the abrupt change in the nature of the LH released by the pituitary gland essential for the initiation of ovulation may be affected by GH, corticosterone or a raised environmental temperature. J. Endocr. (1985) 104, 179–183

Internalization of receptor-bound human chorionic gonadotrophin in preovulatory rat granulosa cells in vivo

1983 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalle Jääkeläinen ◽  
Seppo Markkanen ◽  
Hannu Rajaniemi
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Subcellular Distribution ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Electron Microscope Autoradiography ◽  
Silver Grains ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

Abstract. The subcellular distribution of 125I-labelled human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in preovulatory rat granulosa cells was studied in vivo. Pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin-pretreated immature female rats received an iv injection of [125I]hCG a few hours before the endogenous preovulatory gonadotrophin surge. The animals were killed at 2 or 6 h after the [125I]hCG injections. Light microscope autoradiographs showed that the mural granulosa cells of large follicles were the most highly labelled cells in the ovaries. Electron microscope autoradiography was used to study the subcellular distribution of radioactivity in the mural granulosa cells. At 2 h 45% of the counted silver grains were associated with the plasma membrane and 10% with the lysosomes, at 6 h the values were 51% and 9%, respectively. The distribution of the observed silver grains was compared with the generated expected source to grain pairs by computerized linear multiple regression analysis. The magnitudes of the regression coefficients revealed that the plasma membrane and the lysosomes were the only specifically 125I-labelled organelles, that a few radioactive molecules were located diffusely over the cytoplasm at 2 h and that the 125I-radioactivity of the nuclei was negligible. The present results suggest that preovulatory rat granulosa cells are in vivo able to internalize into lysosomes [125I]hCG initially bound to LH/hCG receptors of the plasma membrane.

Effects of thymulin on spontaneous puberty and gonadotrophin-induced ovulation in prepubertal normal and hypothymic mice

1999 ◽  
Vol 163 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Hinojosa ◽  
R Chavira ◽  
R Dominguez ◽  
P Rosas
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Thymic Hormone ◽  
Induced Ovulation ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Neuroendocrine Mechanisms ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

The effects of thymulin administration beginning on days 19 or 24 of age on spontaneous puberty and gonadotrophin-induced ovulation were analysed in female normal and hypothymic mice. In normal and hypothymic mice, the daily administration of thymulin at 24 days of age resulted in a delay in the age of vaginal opening, with an increase in serum progesterone levels. Normal mice treated with 200 ng thymulin beginning on day 19 of age and injected with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) 24 h later had an increase in ovulation rate, number of ova shed and weight of the ovaries. None of the hypothymic mice treated with thymulin on day 19 and PMSG on day 20 ovulated. PMSG treatment on day 25 induced ovulation in hypothymic mice. When these animals were injected previously with 200 ng thymulin, the number of ova shed by ovulating animals was lower than in PMSG-treated animals. Administration of thymulin and sequential injection of PMSG and human chorionic gonadotrophin 54 h later resulted in an increase in ovulatory response in comparison with those receiving only PMSG. The results suggest that thymulin plays a role in the regulation of spontaneous puberty through its effects on adrenal and ovarian endocrine functions. The increase in the ovarian PMSG response-treated animals, previously given thymulin, showed that this thymic hormone participates in the regulation of gonadotrophin secretion mechanisms and seems to be dose- and age-dependent. In hypothymic mice, neuroendocrine mechanisms regulating puberty are different from those of normal mice.

STIMULATION BY β2-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS OF THE PRODUCTION OF CYCLIC AMP AND PROGESTERONE IN RAT OVARIAN TISSUE

1980 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALBERT RATNER ◽  
G. K. WEISS ◽  
CAROLYN R. SANBORN
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin ◽  
Stimulation Of

Ovarian tissue from immature rats treated with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) or PMSG and human chorionic gonadotrophin was incubated in Medium 199. Stimulation of the formation of cyclic AMP in follicular and luteal tissue by terbutaline (10−5 mol/l), a selective β2-agonist, was blocked by butoxamine (10−5 mol/l), a selective β2-antagonist, whereas practolol (10−5 mol/l), a selective β1-antagonist, was ineffective. Propranolol (10−5 mol/l), a non-selective β-antagonist, butoxamine nor practolol affected the increase in cyclic AMP promoted by the addition of 1 μg LH. Stimulation of the production of progesterone in both follicular and luteal tissue by terbutaline was blocked by butoxamine, but not by practolol. These findings indicated that β-adrenergic stimulation of ovarian cyclic AMP and progesterone is mediated by β2-adrenergic receptors.

Effects of prolactin on steroid production by human luteal cells in vitro

1983 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. S. Tan ◽  
J. S. G. Biggs
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Steroid Production ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Progesterone Production

The effects of prolactin on steroidogenesis were studied in dispersed luteal cells prepared from human corpora lutea of the menstrual cycle. Prolactin, at concentrations of 0·1–1000 ng/ml, had no effect on progesterone production by luteal cells during short-term incubation (3 h). However, in two out of five corpora lutea, higher concentrations of prolactin (100 and 1000 ng/ml) significantly reduced the oestradiol-17β production induced by human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG; 10 i.u./ml); lower doses of prolactin had little effect. In the remaining corpora lutea, prolactin failed to affect either basal or hCG-induced production of oestradiol-17β. These results are discussed in relation to the mechanism by which prolactin influences human ovarian function.

DIE BEDEUTUNG VON GONADEN UND HYPOPHYSE FÜR DIE WIRKUNG GONADOTROPER HORMONE AUF DIE SCHILDDRÜSENFUNKTION

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIV (II) ◽  
pp. 176-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hasselblatt ◽  
Ch. Ratabongs
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hormonal Secretion ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

ABSTRACT The effect of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMS) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) on the thyroid gland of normal, of gonadectomized and of hypophysectomized infantile rats has been studied. Gonadotrophin treatment stimulated the thyroid of normal and hypophysectomized female rats. A corresponding effect was not observed in gonadectomized female or in normal and gonadectomized male rats. These results show that the gonadotrophic hormones stimulate thyroid function indirectly by increasing the hormonal secretion of the ovaries. An intimate functional relationship between the ovaries and the thyroid gland was thus demonstrated. As the stimulating effect of gonadotrophin treatment was also present in hypophysectomized female rats, it was concluded that the oestrogens act directly on the thyroid gland. Their thyrotrophic action is not mediated by the pituitary gland.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document