scholarly journals Legumes as green manure for common bean cultivated in two growing seasons at southeast Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (49) ◽  
pp. 4953-4958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernandes de Sousa Filipe ◽  
Lopes do Carmo Davi ◽  
Eustaquio de Souza Carneiro Jose ◽  
Urquiaga Segundo ◽  
Henrique Silva Santos Ricardo
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Southeast Brazil ◽  
Growing Seasons

Green Manure Species and Sowing Time Effects on the Agronomic Performance of Common Bean

2013 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 1721-1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enderson P. B. Ferreira ◽  
Luis F. Stone ◽  
Agostinho D. Didonet
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Time Effects

scholarly journals Economic analysis of rice and common bean production in succession to green manure crops and mecahnical soil decompression in Brazilian Savannah

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vagner do Nascimento ◽  
Orivaldo Arf ◽  
Maria Aparecida Anselmo Tarsitano ◽  
Nayara Fernanda Siviero Garcia ◽  
Mariele de Souza Penteado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Brazilian Savannah ◽  
Soil Scarification ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

ABSTRACT The previous cultivation of green manures and mechanical soil decompression are options to minimize compaction of the topsoil in no-tilage system (NTS) set in different production systems in the Brazilian Savannah. In addition, it is essential to relate these agricultural practices with the economic benefits generated through the production cycles. The objective of this study was to evaluate economically the effect of sporadic mechanical decompression of the soil and previous cultivation of green manure in the production and net gain margin of upland rice and "winter" common bean, under sprinkler irrigation, in NTS in lowland Brazilian savannah. This study was developed in the 2012/13 harvest and 2013 winter in Selvíria, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, in an clay texture Oxisol in the savanah in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, in a randomized block design arranged in a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement with four replications. The treatments were a combination of five green manures (fallow (control), Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria juncea, Pennisetum glaucum and Urochloa ruziziensis) with and without mechanical soil scarification. The yields of upland rice and common bean grains were not influenced by the previous green manure cultivation; the upland rice grown in succession to Cajanus cajan in the presence of mechanical soil scarification provided greater increase in grain yield and higher gross margin profit. Beans cultivated in succession to Crotalaria juncea and Pennisetum glaucum in the presence of mechanical soil scarification, followed by rice cultivation, provided greater increases in grain yield and gross profit margins.

scholarly journals White Mold Management in Common Bean by Increasing Within-Row Distance Between Plants

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Vieira ◽  
T. J. Paula Júnior ◽  
H. Teixeira ◽  
J. E. de S. Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plant Distributions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Indeterminate Growth Habit ◽  
Flowering Onset

White mold of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a major yield-limiting disease during the fall-winter season in Brazil. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of decreasing within-row densities for an indeterminate growth habit (type IIIa) cultivar, keeping constant the between-row spacing of 0.5 m, to manage the disease. A modification of within-row plant distributions was also attempted in order to reduce white mold intensity. The study was conducted with sprinkler irrigation in two growing seasons (2000 and 2001) in Viçosa, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in an area naturally infested with sclerotia. In 2000, treatments were arranged as 3 × 2 × 2 factorial combination of within-row densities (15, 7.5, or 5 plants/m), within-row plant distributions (single and equidistant plants or equidistant groups of three plants), and fluazinam treatments (with or without). In 2001, 16, 12, 8, or 4 plants/m were combined with fluazinam treatments. Fluazinam was applied at both flowering onset and 10 or 13 days later. Average incidence was 92.6% in 2000 and 77.8% in 2001; severity index was 69.8% in 2000 and 40.2% in 2001; and yield was 1,656 kg/ha in 2000 and 2,542 kg/ha in 2001. White mold decreased and yield increased as within-row densities were reduced, regardless of fluazinam treatments. A distribution of equidistant groups of three plants was ineffective in reducing disease. The use of 4 equidistant plants/m in infested irrigated areas was an effective strategy in white mold management.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Distribution in Rwanda of Soilborne Fungi Pathogenic to the Common Bean

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Rusuku ◽  
Robin A. Buruchara ◽  
Martin Gatabazi ◽  
Marcial A. Pastor-Corrales
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Soilborne Pathogens ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Soilborne Fungi ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
The Common

The occurrence and distribution of soilborne fungi pathogenic to the common bean were determined by surveys conducted in seven of Rwanda's 10 prefectures during four growing seasons from 1989 to 1990. The pathogens were identified on the basis of symptoms, colony characteristics, reproductive structures, and pathogenicity tests. Of the plants sampled during the March through June 1989 season from four prefectures, 97% exhibited symptoms associated with soilborne pathogens. Root and hypocotyl symptoms appeared in plants sampled during the September through December 1989 season from the prefectures of Kigali (19%), Butare (40%), Gikongoro (33%), and Cyangugu (33%) and during the March through June 1990 season from Gisenyi (60%) and Kibungo (53%). Pythium spp., Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli were isolated from all seven prefectures during all four seasons. Sclerotium rolfsii was isolated only during the 1990 September through December season. The frequency of isolation varied by region and season. Pythium spp. were the most frequently isolated fungi from about 40% of the samples, suggesting their potential importance in the root rot complex in Rwanda. The relative importance of the soilborne pathogens and possible relationships with existing cropping systems are discussed. These results will help focus efforts in developing management strategies for common bean diseases caused by soilborne pathogens in Rwanda.

scholarly journals Management of Meloidogyne hapla on Lettuce in Organic Soil with Sudangrass as a Cover Crop

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 945-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Viaene ◽  
George S. Abawi
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Yellow Mustard ◽  
Growing Seasons

Host suitability for Meloidogyne hapla of six cover crops was tested in the greenhouse. Sudan-grass cv. Trudan 8 and rye (mixture of cultivars) were nonhosts; oat cv. Porter was a poor host; and phacelia cv. Angelia, oilseed radish cv. Renova, and yellow mustard cv. Martigena were maintenance hosts. When incorporated as a green manure before planting of lettuce cv. Mon-tello, sudangrass was the most effective of the cover crops in reducing egg production of M. hapla. Soil amendment with all parts of sudangrass resulted in lower reproduction of M. hapla on lettuce than soil amendment with only roots of sudangrass. Soil incorporation of 2-month-old (or younger) tissues of sudangrass was more effective in reducing nematode reproduction on subsequent lettuce plants than incorporation of 3-month-old tissues. Sudangrass was grown as a cover crop after lettuce for three growing seasons in field microplots and incorporated as a green manure before the first fall frost. Weight of lettuce heads was significantly higher and reproduction of M. hapla was significantly lower in sudangrass-amended microplots compared with those left fallow between lettuce crops, but results varied with year and nematode infestation level.

scholarly journals Yield stability of common bean genotypes in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Carlos Baldin ◽  
Sydney Antonio Frehner Kavalco ◽  
Leomar Guilherme Woyann ◽  
Adão Alves Rodrigues Junior ◽  
Debora Regiane Gobatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Block Design ◽  
The State ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Unbalanced Dataset ◽  
Bean Genotype ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the grain yield and stability of common bean genotypes, as well as the representativeness and discrimination ability of locations in multi-environment trials (METs), using the GGE biplot analysis. The grain yield of 27 genotypes was evaluated in 16 trials carried out in nine locations, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, during the first and second crop seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. A randomized complete block design with three replicates was used. As the trials were neither conducted in all locations, nor in all growing seasons of both years, a highly unbalanced dataset was used. Genotype 5 (CHC 01-175-1) was the most productive and stable, common bean genotype and can be considered the closest one to the ideal for the target region. Furthermore, this genotype performs well in both crop seasons, outperforming all the evaluated checks; therefore, it has the potential to be released as a new cultivar. Chapecó can be considered the ideal location for the selection of common bean genotypes, in the state of Santa Catarina, since it shows high representativeness and discrimination ability in the rainy and dry crop seasons.

scholarly journals Sowing time affecting the development of common bean cultivars in Lichinga, Province of Niassa, Mozambique

Revista CERES ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-539
Author(s):  
Maria da Conceição Santana Carvalho ◽  
Adriano Stephan Nascente ◽  
Gilvan Ferreira Barbosa ◽  
Celso Américo Pedro Mutadiua ◽  
José Eloir Denardin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT The demonstration of yield potential of crops depends on genetic factors, favorable conditions of envi ronment, and management. The sowing time can significantly affect the common bean grain yield. The aim of this research was to study the behavior of Brazilian cultivars and sowing times on the yield components and grain yield of common bean grown in the environmental conditions of Lichinga, Province of Niassa, Mozambique. The field trial was performed for two growing seasons, using the experimental as a randomized block in factorial 5 × 3 × 2, with four replications. The treatments consisted of the combination of five common bean cultivars (BRS Pontal, BRS Agreste, Perola, and BRS Requinte, developed by Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), and a local variety, Encarnada) with three sowing dates (beginning of the rainy season, and 15 and 30 days after), during two growing seasons. The Brazilian cultivar of common beans BRS Pontal was the most productive in all sowing times, followed by BRS Agreste, which was not the most productive only in the second sowing time of 2013/2014 growing season. The cultivar Encarnada, from Mozambique, was the less productive cultivar in all sowing times and in all growing seasons. The best sowing time for common bean cultivars is in the beginning of the rainy season. The use of technologies such as use of seeds of new cultivars, proper sowing time, fertilization, and control of weeds allow significant increase of common bean grain yield in Lichinga, Mozambique.

scholarly journals Technological quality of common bean grains obtained in different growing seasons

Bragantia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Francischinelli Perina ◽  
Cássia Regina Limonta Carvalho ◽  
Alisson Fernando Chiorato ◽  
Rodrigo Lorencetti Tunes Lopes ◽  
João Guilherme Ribeiro Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Genotype X Environment Interaction ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genotype X Environment ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Technological Quality

The traits that provide technological quality to common bean grains exhibit genetic and environmental variation and variation in the genotype x environment interaction. In this context, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of different periods of the growing season on the technological quality of common bean grains. The experiment was conducted with 25 bean genotypes (carioca [beige with brown stripes] and black commercial group) that are part of the Value for Cultivation and Use (Valor de Cultivo e Uso - VCU) trials in three growing seasons, namely, the 2009/2010 rainy season, the 2010/2011 dry season and the 2010/2011 winter season, in a randomized block experimental design with three replications in which the following items were assessed: cooking time (CT), water absorption capacity before cooking (Peanc) and after cooking (Peapc), percentage of whole grains (PWG), total soluble solids in the broth (TSSb), volume expansion before cooking (EXPVbc) and after cooking (EXPVac), and dry grain density (DD), grain density after maceration (SD) and grain density after cooking (CD). Assessments showed that the different growing seasons for obtaining grains for the purpose of analysis of technological quality have an effect on the results and on differentiation among genotypes, indicating genotype x environment interaction. They also showed that the genotypes C2-1-6-1, C4-8-1-1, LP04-03, IAC-Imperador, P5-4-4-1 and Pr11-6-4-1-2 had the best results in relation to cooking time in the mean values of the three growing seasons. The use of early selection based on phenotypic correlations that exist among the technological features is not expressive, due to the variation of magnitude among the different growing seasons.

Indianhead black lentil as green manure for wheat rotations in the Brown soil zone

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
V. O. Biederbeck ◽  
F. Selles
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Soil Zone

Frequent use of summerfallow (F) to reduce the water deficit associated with cereal cropping in the Canadian prairies has resulted in severe erosion and a reduction in N-supplying power of the soils. It has been suggested that it may be feasible to use annual legumes as green manure (GM) to supply the N requirements and snow trapping to enhance soil water recharge for a subsequent cereal crop. Our objective was to test the feasibility of employing this management strategy for the Brown soil zone of southwestern Saskatchewan, by comparing yields and N uptake of hard red spring wheat (W) (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in a 3-yr rotation with Indianhead black lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) (i.e., GM-W-W) with that obtained in a monoculture wheat system (i.e., F-W-W). Both cropping systems were operated for 6 yr, from 1988 to 1993, with all phases of the rotations present each year. The results showed that grain yields of wheat after GM were generally significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those after F, primarily because the GM reduced the reserves of available spring soil water. These results occurred despite the fact that five of the six growing seasons had above average precipitation. Yields of wheat grown on stubble were unaffected by rotation. Grain N concentration was greater for wheat grown on GM partial-fallow than for wheat grown on conventional-F in the final 3 yr of the study which was due mainly to the lower wheat yields in the GM system (i.e., yield dilution). Our results suggest that, for annual legume GM to be used successfully in the Brown soil zone, producers should seed it as early as possible (late April to early May) and terminate the growth of the legume by the first week of July, even if this means foregoing some N2 fixation. Key words: Summerfallow, soil water, grain protein, N content, soil nitrogen

scholarly journals Effect of environments on the estimated genetic potential of segregating common bean populations

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilmar Silvério da Rocha ◽  
José Eustáquio de Souza Carneiro ◽  
Laércio da Silva Rezende Júnior ◽  
Vanessa Maria Pereira e Silva ◽  
José Ângelo Nogueira de Menezes Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Environmental Effect ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of environments on the estimated genetic potential of common bean populations for the traits hypocotyl diameter and grain yield. We evaluated 48 segregating bean populations in the growing seasons winter 2009 (F2 and F3 simultaneously) and drought 2010 (F3 and F4 generations simultaneously), and 16 controls. The genetic potential of the population was estimated using the methodology of Jinks and Pooni. The coincidence between the best and worst populations in the two growing seasons and different generations for the two characters was low, indicating that the environmental effect interferes with the selection of common bean populations when using the method of Jinks and Pooni. Thus, it is recommended that the genetic potential should be estimated based on the evaluation of a larger number of environments.

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