scholarly journals Levels and phases of defoliation affect biomass production of pearl millet ADR 300

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (29) ◽  
pp. 2784-2790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Zuffo Alan ◽  
Mario Zuffo Junior Joacir ◽  
Gabriel de Faria Dias Saulo ◽  
Milanez de Rezende Pedro ◽  
Tedoro Bruzi Adriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Biomass Production

scholarly journals Disease Resistance and Biomass Stability of Forage Pearl Millet Hybrids with Partial Rust Resistance

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
pp. 733-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Wilson ◽  
R. N. Gates
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Rust Severity ◽  
Days After Anthesis ◽  
Plot Design

The expression of partial resistance to Puccinia substriata var. indica and its contribution to digestible biomass production in forage pearl millet hybrids were evaluated in field experiments at Tifton, GA. Inbreds Tift 383, Tift 65, and nine inbreds with partial resistance selected from the cross Tift 383 × ‘ICMP 501’ were crossed to Tift 23DA4. The parental inbreds and hybrids were evaluated in natural epidemics in 1996 and 1997. Because of maturity differences among the lines, slope of the regression of logit rust severity on time (apparent infection rate) and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) calculated for a defined interval of plant growth (10 days before to 20 days after anthesis) and adjusted for initial rust severity at 10 days prior to anthesis were the most useful indicators of resistance. Inbred resistance was not a reliable predictor of hybrid resistance when evaluated by either variable. Hybrids were evaluated for biomass production in 1996 and 1997 in a split-plot design, with hybrids as main plots and nontreated or chlorothalonil fungicide-treated as subplots. Differences existed among hybrids for AUDPC and for digestible dry matter yield (DDMY) and its components. Over all hybrids, the response between DDMY and final rust severity was described by logarithmic regression. Two clusters of hybrids were identified by cluster analysis of disease-related data from both experiments. The cluster of susceptible hybrids tended to have a lower DDMY and were less stable over year × treatment environments than the cluster of partially resistant hybrids. Lodging in nontreated plots in 1997 primarily occurred in susceptible hybrids. Although resistance was expressed in certain hybrids, greater levels of partial resistance are needed to provide adequate protection against DDMY losses.

scholarly journals Pearl millet growth and biochemical alterations determined by mycorrhizal inoculation, water availability and atmospheric CO2 concentration

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliseu G. Fabbrin ◽  
Yolanda Gogorcena ◽  
Átila F. Mogor ◽  
Idoia Garmendia ◽  
Nieves Goicoechea
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is an important fodder and is a potential feedstock for fuel ethanol production in dry areas. Our objectives were to assess the effect of elevated CO2 and/or reduced irrigation on biomass production and levels of sugars and proteins in leaves of pearl millet and to test whether mycorrhizal inoculation could modulate the effects of these abiotic factors on growth and metabolism. Results showed that mycorrhizal inoculation and water regime most influenced biomass of shoots and roots; however, their individual effects were dependent on the atmospheric CO2 concentration. At ambient CO2, mycorrhizal inoculation helped to alleviate effects of water deficit on pearl millet without significant decreases in biomass production, which contrasted with the low biomass of mycorrhizal plants under restricted irrigation and elevated CO2. Mycorrhizal inoculation enhanced water content in shoots, whereas reduced irrigation decreased water content in roots. The triple interaction between CO2, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and water regime significantly affected the total amount of soluble sugars and determined the predominant soluble sugars in leaves. Under optimal irrigation, elevated CO2 increased the proportion of hexoses in pearl millet that was not inoculated with AMF, thus improving the quality of this plant material for bioethanol production. By contrast, elevated CO2 decreased the levels of proteins in leaves, thus limiting the quality of pearl millet as fodder and primary source for cattle feed.

scholarly journals Establishment and biomass production of gamba and palisade grasses associated with pearl millet

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Ricardo Gomes Bezerra ◽  
Danilo Gusmão de Quadros ◽  
Alexandro Pereira Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Biomass Production

scholarly journals Sweet corn in no-tillage system on cover crop residues in the Brazilian Cerrado

2020 ◽  
pp. 947-952
Author(s):  
Kaiê Fillipe Guedes Miranda ◽  
José Luiz Rodrigues Torres ◽  
Hamilton Cesar de Oliveira Charlo ◽  
Valdeci Orioli Junior ◽  
João Henrique de Souza Favaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
Tillage System

In recent years, the growth of the cultivated area with sweet corn in conventional tillage system in Brazil expanded, although crops can be grown on different residues of cover crops, which improve nutrient cycling and crop productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biomass production and to quantify the rate of plant residues decomposition of different cover crops, and correlate the results with the production and grain yield of sweet corn in an area located in the Cerrado biome. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with eight treatments: PM - pearl millet; SH - sunn hemp; SG - signal grass; PM + SH; PM + SG; SH + SG; PM+ SH + SG; FW - fallow (spontaneous vegetation), which preceded the cultivation of sweet corn. Fresh biomass (FB) and dry biomass (DB) of the cover crops were evaluated, as well as the rate of plant residue decomposition. Sweet corn productivity, straw and corncob weight, and grain yield were also determined. Pearl millet presented a better performance in FB production, decomposition rate, residue half-life (T½ life) in soil, yield, corn cob strawweight and yield of sweet corn. Pearl millet, when mixed with other plants, presented reduced rate of residue decomposition and increased residue T½ life. The FW presented the lowest biomass production, with great rate of decomposition and low T½ life. Cover crops grown before sweet corn in soils of good fertility did not affect crop agronomic characteristics. Pearl millet is the best cover crop adapted to Cerrado Brazilian climatic conditions to be used in monoculture or in mixtures with other plants.

scholarly journals Switchgrass responses to manganese availability

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ying Guo
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Bundle Sheath Cells ◽  
Manganese Availability ◽  
Mn Concentration ◽  
Sheath Cells

Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient and has a broad range of functions for all plant growth and reproduction. It plays a crucial role in NAD-ME C4 photosynthesis, including as a constituent of the water splitting protein of photosystem II (PSII) and as an activator of NAD-ME which catalyzes the release of CO2 from malate in bundle sheath cells (BSC). Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a perennial NAD-ME C4 grass, is native to much of the United States. Switchgrass is also considered as a promising biofuel species for sustainable production of bioenergy feedstock. As a NADME C4 species, switchgrass may have a high requirement for Mn for optimum growth. However, little is known about switchgrass responses to Mn availability at present. To study the influence of Mn on biomass production and photosynthetic characteristics, one lowland ('Alamo') and one upland ('Cave-in-Rock') switchgrass ecotype were grown in 19-L pots filled with either washed sand, vermiculite, or perlite, and fertilized with nutrient solutions with Mn concentrations ranging from 0 to 200 [micro]M under field conditions in three consecutive years. In the last year (perlite), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L. R. Br.) ('KGraze') was also grown. Shoot Mn concentration was highly responsive to increasing Mn in the nutrient solution in all experiments and for all entries. When grown in washed sand and vermiculite, no Mn treatment effects on biomass production were found for either switchgrass ecotype. In perlite, a significant decrease in biomass production grown in the 0 [micro]M Mn treatment compared to 10-25 [micro]M Mn treatments was only observed for Alamo and KGraze, and not for Cave-in-Rock. Late in the season, relative chlorophyll contents of both switchgrass ecotypes were significantly lower in the 0 [micro]M Mn treatment than other treatments, but, in KGraze, relative chlorophyll content was low early in the season, increased throughout the season, resulting in a less pronounced, but still significant Mn treatment effect, at late stages. Leaf Mn concentration of all entries increased with increasing Mn concentration in the nutrient solution. In switchgrass, leaf Mn concentration was significantly greater early compared to late in the season in the absence of Mn in the nutrient solution; however, this was not the case for pearl millet. In switchgrass, the absence of Mn in the nutrient solution significantly decreased photosynthetic rates and maximum PSII efficiency (Fv/Fm) late in the season. In contrast, in pearl millet the effect of 0 ë_M Mn in the nutrient solution on net photosynthesis and Fv/Fm was more pronounced early in the season. Chloroplast ultrastructure in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells were only affected by Mn availability in the lowland switchgrass ecotype. Manganese availability did not influence NAD-ME, NADP-ME and PEPCK activities in switchgrass, but NADME and PEPCK activities were reduced in pearl millet early in the season in the absence of Mn in the nutrient solution. Based on these results, Mn limitation for the oxygen evolving compex of PSII rather than for NAD-ME was the primary limitation of low Mn availability on net photosynthesis. Overall, switchgrass and pearl millet exhibited distinct temporal responses to limited Mn availabillity.

scholarly journals Response to early drought stress and identification of QTLs controlling biomass production under drought in pearl millet

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. e0201635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyne Debieu ◽  
Bassirou Sine ◽  
Sixtine Passot ◽  
Alexandre Grondin ◽  
Eyanawa Akata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Biomass Production

scholarly journals Response to early drought stress and identification of QTLs controlling biomass production under drought in pearl millet

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Debieu ◽  
B Sine ◽  
S Passot ◽  
A Grondin ◽  
AE Akata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
The Way

AbstractPearl millet plays a major role in food security in arid and semi-arid areas of Africa and India. However, it lags behind the other cereal crops in terms of genetic improvement. The recent sequencing of its genome opens the way to the use of modern genomic tools for breeding. Our study aimed at identifying genetic components involved in early drought stress tolerance as a first step toward the development of improved pearl millet varieties or hybrids. A panel of 188 inbred lines from West Africa was phenotyped under early drought stress and well-irrigated conditions. We found a strong impact of drought stress on yield components. This impact was variable between inbred lines. We then performed an association analysis with a total of 392,493 SNPs identified using Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS). Correcting for genetic relatedness, genome wide association study identified QTLs for biomass production in early drought stress conditions and for stay-green trait. In particular, genes involved in the sirohaem and wax biosynthesis pathways were found to co-locate with association loci. Our results open the way to use genomic selection to breed pearl millet lines with improved yield under drought stress.

Optimization of biomass production with enhanced bioactive compound content by the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma australe under submerged culture

Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
LM Papaspyridi ◽  
E Topakas ◽  
N Aligiannis ◽  
P Christakopoulos ◽  
AL Skaltsounis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Submerged Culture ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Medicinal Mushroom ◽  
Ganoderma Australe
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