scholarly journals Response to early drought stress and identification of QTLs controlling biomass production under drought in pearl millet

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Debieu ◽  
B Sine ◽  
S Passot ◽  
A Grondin ◽  
AE Akata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
The Way

AbstractPearl millet plays a major role in food security in arid and semi-arid areas of Africa and India. However, it lags behind the other cereal crops in terms of genetic improvement. The recent sequencing of its genome opens the way to the use of modern genomic tools for breeding. Our study aimed at identifying genetic components involved in early drought stress tolerance as a first step toward the development of improved pearl millet varieties or hybrids. A panel of 188 inbred lines from West Africa was phenotyped under early drought stress and well-irrigated conditions. We found a strong impact of drought stress on yield components. This impact was variable between inbred lines. We then performed an association analysis with a total of 392,493 SNPs identified using Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS). Correcting for genetic relatedness, genome wide association study identified QTLs for biomass production in early drought stress conditions and for stay-green trait. In particular, genes involved in the sirohaem and wax biosynthesis pathways were found to co-locate with association loci. Our results open the way to use genomic selection to breed pearl millet lines with improved yield under drought stress.

scholarly journals Physiological and Proteomic Signatures Reveal Mechanisms of Superior Drought Resilience in Pearl Millet Compared to Wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arindam Ghatak ◽  
Palak Chaturvedi ◽  
Gert Bachmann ◽  
Luis Valledor ◽  
Živa Ramšak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Presently, pearl millet and wheat are belonging to highly important cereal crops. Pearl millet, however, is an under-utilized crop, despite its superior resilience to drought and heat stress in contrast to wheat. To investigate this in more detail, we performed comparative physiological screening and large scale proteomics of drought stress responses in drought-tolerant and susceptible genotypes of pearl millet and wheat. These chosen genotypes are widely used in breeding and farming practices. The physiological responses demonstrated large differences in the regulation of root morphology and photosynthetic machinery, revealing a stay-green phenotype in pearl millet. Subsequent tissue-specific proteome analysis of leaves, roots and seeds led to the identification of 12,558 proteins in pearl millet and wheat under well-watered and stress conditions. To allow for this comparative proteome analysis and to provide a platform for future functional proteomics studies we performed a systematic phylogenetic analysis of all orthologues in pearl millet, wheat, foxtail millet, sorghum, barley, brachypodium, rice, maize, Arabidopsis, and soybean. In summary, we define (i) a stay-green proteome signature in the drought-tolerant pearl millet phenotype and (ii) differential senescence proteome signatures in contrasting wheat phenotypes not capable of coping with similar drought stress. These different responses have a significant effect on yield and grain filling processes reflected by the harvest index. Proteome signatures related to root morphology and seed yield demonstrated the unexpected intra- and interspecies-specific biochemical plasticity for stress adaptation for both pearl millet and wheat genotypes. These quantitative reference data provide tissue- and phenotype-specific marker proteins of stress defense mechanisms which are not predictable from the genome sequence itself and have potential value for marker-assisted breeding beyond genome assisted breeding.

scholarly journals Response to early drought stress and identification of QTLs controlling biomass production under drought in pearl millet

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. e0201635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyne Debieu ◽  
Bassirou Sine ◽  
Sixtine Passot ◽  
Alexandre Grondin ◽  
Eyanawa Akata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Biomass Production

Effect of Drought Stress on Productivity of Trichomeless Pearl Millet

Crop Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 809-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn W. Burton ◽  
Craig S. Kvien ◽  
Bryan W. Maw
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Pearl Millet

scholarly journals Evaluation of staygreen sunflower lines and their hybrids for yield under drought conditions

Helia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshavardan J. Hilli ◽  
Shobha U. Immadi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Positive Heterosis ◽  
Hybridization Programme ◽  
Spad Readings

Abstract The experimental material for the present study comprised of 28 inbred lines (including two checks) which were developed by mutation and hybridization among the lines from AICRP trials MARS, UAS, Dharwad and on the basis of SPAD readings and stay green nature, they were considered as drought tolerant lines. These lines were used for the present experiment and were evaluated under both normal and moisture stress condition in rain out shelter to study their root characteristics. Among 28 inbreds evaluated, eight inbred lines i.e. DSR-13, DSR-19, DSR-23, DSR-24, DSR-37, DSR-66, DSR-107 and DSR-132 were identified as drought tolerant nature which exhibited least reduction in their yield under moisture stress condition. Simultaneously hybridization programme was also initiated during summer 2018 using these 28 inbred lines as testers (males) and 5 CMS lines as female lines in Line × Tester fashion. Among 140 hybrids developed, only 40 F1 hybrid combinations were further analyzed for heterosis and combining ability studies along with four checks RHA 6D-1, RHA 95C-1, KBSH-53 and Cauvery Champ. Most of the hybrid combinations showed significant negative heterosis for flowering indicating earliness, and also all the combinations showed a positive heterosis for plant height indicating tallness dominant over dwarf checks. The combinations CMS 7-1-1 A × DSR-37 (624 kg/ha), CMS-853A × DSR-19 (624 kg/ha), and CMS-853A × DSR-23 (619 kg/ha) exhibited significant maximum heterosis for seed yield (kg ha−1) over the checks KBSH-53 (496.50 kg/ha) and Cauvery Champ (486.50 kg/ha) showing maximum seed yield per hectare.

RECURSOS QUE SURGEN EN LAS PAREJAS EN TIEMPOS DE PANDEMIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (49) ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Gabriela Valls barrera ◽  
Daniela Vío GiaCaman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Positive Assessment ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
The Way

The COVID-19 pandemic and confinement, as a measure to stop the contagion, have had a strong impact on the mental health of the population. Emotions such as uncertainty, fear of contracting illness and anguish have increased. But, also, positive experiences have emerged that reinforce interdependence and social support, the appreciation of affections and a greater connection and reflection on the way of life. The objective of this article is to delve into the experience of some couples who have been able to constructively face quarantine and who express a positive assessment of what this time of confinement has contributed to their relationship. Three dimensions are identified in which resources have emerged during this crisis: family reorganization and multiplicity of roles, the appreciation of support networks and the strengthening of intimacy in the couple.

Stay-green trait serves as yield stability attribute under combined heat and drought stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kumar ◽  
Harikrishna ◽  
Dipankar Barman ◽  
Om P. Ghimire ◽  
S. Gurumurthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Stay Green

scholarly journals Disease Resistance and Biomass Stability of Forage Pearl Millet Hybrids with Partial Rust Resistance

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
pp. 733-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Wilson ◽  
R. N. Gates
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Rust Severity ◽  
Days After Anthesis ◽  
Plot Design

The expression of partial resistance to Puccinia substriata var. indica and its contribution to digestible biomass production in forage pearl millet hybrids were evaluated in field experiments at Tifton, GA. Inbreds Tift 383, Tift 65, and nine inbreds with partial resistance selected from the cross Tift 383 × ‘ICMP 501’ were crossed to Tift 23DA4. The parental inbreds and hybrids were evaluated in natural epidemics in 1996 and 1997. Because of maturity differences among the lines, slope of the regression of logit rust severity on time (apparent infection rate) and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) calculated for a defined interval of plant growth (10 days before to 20 days after anthesis) and adjusted for initial rust severity at 10 days prior to anthesis were the most useful indicators of resistance. Inbred resistance was not a reliable predictor of hybrid resistance when evaluated by either variable. Hybrids were evaluated for biomass production in 1996 and 1997 in a split-plot design, with hybrids as main plots and nontreated or chlorothalonil fungicide-treated as subplots. Differences existed among hybrids for AUDPC and for digestible dry matter yield (DDMY) and its components. Over all hybrids, the response between DDMY and final rust severity was described by logarithmic regression. Two clusters of hybrids were identified by cluster analysis of disease-related data from both experiments. The cluster of susceptible hybrids tended to have a lower DDMY and were less stable over year × treatment environments than the cluster of partially resistant hybrids. Lodging in nontreated plots in 1997 primarily occurred in susceptible hybrids. Although resistance was expressed in certain hybrids, greater levels of partial resistance are needed to provide adequate protection against DDMY losses.

scholarly journals Association Mapping and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal the Genetic Architecture of Maize Kernel Size

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Ma ◽  
Lifeng Wang ◽  
Yanyong Cao ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Huiyong Li
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Kernel Size ◽  
Maize Kernel ◽  
Association Panel ◽  
Kernel Length ◽  
A Genome

Kernel length, kernel width, and kernel thickness are important traits affecting grain yield and product quality. Here, the genetic architecture of the three kernel size traits was dissected in an association panel of 309 maize inbred lines using four statistical methods. Forty-two significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; p < 1.72E-05) and 70 genes for the three traits were identified under five environments. One and eight SNPs were co-detected in two environments and by at least two methods, respectively, and they explained 5.87–9.59% of the phenotypic variation. Comparing the transcriptomes of two inbred lines with contrasting seed size, three and eight genes identified in the association panel showed significantly differential expression between the two genotypes at 15 and 39 days after pollination, respectively. Ten and 17 genes identified by a genome-wide association study were significantly differentially expressed between the two development stages in the two genotypes. Combining environment−/method-stable SNPs and differential expression analysis, ribosomal protein L7, jasmonate-regulated gene 21, serine/threonine-protein kinase RUNKEL, AP2-EREBP-transcription factor 16, and Zm00001d035222 (cell wall protein IFF6-like) were important candidate genes for maize kernel size and development.

scholarly journals Diallel Analysis for Area, Chlorophyll and Temperature of Flag Leaf in Bread Wheat under Well Watered and Drought Stress Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Naheif E. Mohamed ◽  
Ismail M. Bedawy ◽  
Yasser A. M. Hefny
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Additive Gene

To study genetic analysis of some physiological traits of drought stress in wheat using diallel techniques, an experiment was performed on ten bread wheat genotypes as parents and their 45 F1 hybrids in a randomized complete block design with three replicates under well-watered and drought stress conditions at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Egypt during season of 2018/19. The results showed significant differences between the genotypes (G), Parents (P), F1 crosses, P vs. F1, GCA and SCA under well-watered and drought stress in the flag leaf area (FLA), flag leaf chlorophyll content (FLCC) and flag leaf temperature (FLT), except FLCC for F1 crosses exhibited insignificant differences. The significant differences were found in the interaction of SCA × Env., in all studied traits and GCA × Env., for FLT., indicating the involvement of both additive and dominance gene action in their inheritance. The most desirable heterotic effects were considered as the largest positive heterosis estimates for FLA and FLCC, and the lowest negative for FLT. The parent numbers P9, P8 and P3 were the best general combiner for FLA under normal irrigation and drought stress. While the parents P2, P7 and P9 were the best general combiner for FLCC, under normal irrigation and (P1, P2 and P3) under drought stress. Therefor the parents P1, P4 and P5 were the best general combiner for FLT under normal irrigation, also the P3, P4 and P5 were the best general combiner for FLT under drought stress conditions. Under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions as well as the combined data, the additive genetic components of variation (VA) in F1 ’s was much greater than dominance component (VD), as expressed by the (VA/VD) ratio which was more than unity for the FLA, and FLT under normal irrigation and their combined. This indicates that the additive gene effects in F1 crosses are more important than dominance and plays the major role in the inheritance of these studied traits.

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