scholarly journals Non-Typhoidal Salmonellosis: A Major Concern for Poultry Industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamta Pandey ◽  
Emmagouni Sharath Kumar Goud
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Gastrointestinal Pathogen ◽  
Adhesive Proteins ◽  
And Control

Salmonella is the most important gastrointestinal pathogen distributed ubiquitously. The major serovars involved in Non-typhoidal salmonellosis are S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. In the viewpoint of ban in the export and import of the Salmonella contaminated poultry food and poultry products, the need for rapid detection and mitigation of Salmonella has increased mani-folds. The major problem associated with its control is the growing incidence of antimicrobial resistance, which has been reported worldwide in the recent years. From causing self limiting gastroenteritis they have found to be responsible for several fatal diseases like endocarditis, meningitis, lung infestations, appendicitis, pneumonia, and cerebral abscess in human beings. Targeting several proteins such as adhesive proteins, lipoproteins, outer membrane proteins (Omps) etc. as vaccine candidates may pave a way in its control. So, continuous monitoring using one health approach and development of effective treatment and control strategies are critical.

scholarly journals When do big problems far away become smaller than the problems closer to home: Lessons for antimicrobial resistance from Father Ted

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tjibbe Donker ◽  
Katie L. Hopkins ◽  
Susan Hopkins ◽  
Berit Muller-Pebody ◽  
Tim E.A. Peto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Admission Screening ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
And Control

AbstractInfection prevention and control strategies aimed at reducing the occurrence of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) and other antimicrobial-resistant organisms often include advice about screening patients coming from hospitals with a known resistance problem, to prevent introductions into new hospitals by shared patients. We argue that, despite being an efficient method of identifying cases, admission screening for introduction prevention is only effective if the absolute number of imported cases from other hospitals outnumbers the cases coming from the hospital’s own patient population, and therefore is only a feasible control strategy during the start of an epidemic. When determining whether import screening is still advisable, we therefore need to be continuously reminded of how Father Ted so eloquently summarised the principles of perspective: “These are small, but the ones out there are far away”.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Campylobacter jejuni Vaccine Candidates for Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Pongthorn Pumtang-on ◽  
Timothy J. Mahony ◽  
Rodney A. Hill ◽  
Thiru Vanniasinkam
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Vaccine Antigen ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Efficacious Vaccine ◽  
Substrate Binding Protein

Campylobacter jejuni infection linked to the consumption of contaminated poultry products is one of the leading causes of human enteric illness worldwide. Vaccination of chickens is one of the potential strategies that could be used to control C. jejuni colonization. To date, various C. jejuni vaccines using potential antigens have been evaluated, but a challenge in identifying the most effective formulation is the wide variability in vaccine efficacies reported. A systematic review was undertaken to compare C. jejuni vaccine studies. Based upon specific selection criteria eligible papers were identified and included in the analysis. Vaccine efficacy reported from different C. jejuni antigens, vaccine types, and vaccination regimens reported in these papers were reviewed. Our analysis shows that total outer membrane proteins and cysteine ABC transporter substrate-binding protein were among the most efficacious vaccine antigen candidates reported. This review also highlights the importance of the need for increased consistency in the way C. jejuni vaccine studies in poultry are designed and reported in order to be able to undertake a robust comparison of C. jejuni vaccine candidates.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance and PFGE Molecular Typing of Salmonella enterica Serovar Gallinarum Isolates from Chickens in South Korea from 2013 to 2018

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Jun-Feng Zhang ◽  
Ke Shang ◽  
Jong-Yeol Park ◽  
Yea-Jin Lee ◽  
Yu-Ri Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pfge Type ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile ◽  
Horizontal Spread ◽  
And Control

Antimicrobial resistance and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotypes of collected S. enterica ser. Gallinarum isolates were investigated to examine the epidemiological relationship between field outbreak isolates of S. enterica ser. Gallinarum. Thirty S. enterica ser. Gallinarum isolates collected from poultry farms with FT outbreaks from 2013 to 2018 in South Korea were analyzed. All isolates were resistant to at least 3 of the 18 antimicrobials tested and exhibited an MDR phenotype. All isolates showed resistance to streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and colistin. One isolate was resistant to 9 antimicrobials. The antimicrobial resistance profile, streptomycin-sulfisoxazole-colistin-nalidixic acid-ciprofloxacin-gentamicin (18/30, 60.0%), was the most prevalent. PFGE types were classified into 10 groups with a 100% correlation cutoff in dendrograms for 30 field isolates. The dominant PFGE types were 1 (8/30, 26.7%), 4 (7/30, 23.3%), and 9 (5/30, 16.7%). Interestingly some isolates collected from the same and different companies had the same PFGE type. We reported a high MDR rate in S. enterica ser. Gallinarum isolates. The present study highlights the occurrence of horizontal spread and cyclic contamination of MDR S. enterica ser. Gallinarum within the same company. Furthermore, we showed cross-contamination between different companies. The characterization of these isolates would be helpful in the development of prevention and control strategies for MDR S. enterica ser. Gallinarum infection in South Korea.

scholarly journals The within-host evolution of antimicrobial resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhastin A D Castro ◽  
Sonia Borrell ◽  
Sebastien Gagneux
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Related Group ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Host Evolution ◽  
And Control

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) has been responsible for the greatest number of human deaths due to an infectious disease in general, and due to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in particular. The etiological agents of human TB are a closely-related group of human-adapted bacteria that belong to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Understanding how MTBC populations evolve within-host may allow for improved TB treatment and control strategies. In this Review, we highlight recent works that have shed light on how AMR evolves in MTBC populations within individual patients. We discuss the role of heteroresistance in AMR evolution, and review the bacterial, patient, and environmental factors that likely modulate the magnitude of heteroresistance within-host. We further highlight recent works on the dynamics of MTBC genetic diversity within-host, and discuss how spatial substructures in patients’ lungs, spatiotemporal heterogeneity in antimicrobial concentrations, and phenotypic drug tolerance likely modulates the dynamics of MTBC genetic diversity in patients during treatment. We note the general characteristics that are shared between how the MTBC and other bacterial pathogens evolve in humans, and highlight the characteristics unique to the MTBC.

Novel Synergistic Approaches of Nano-Biomaterials and Bacteriophage for Combating Antimicrobial Resistance

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-132
Author(s):  
Maheswaran Easwaran ◽  
Nageshwari Raja ◽  
Juhee Ahn ◽  
Hemalatha Karuppiah ◽  
Hyun Jin Shin
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Synergistic Approach ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
And Control ◽  
Rapid Emergence

The antimicrobial resistance has significantly risen in last few decades as a result of too much usage of antibiotics. In the case of failure of drug therapy, the multidrug resistance has become a serious issue in a clinical and food sectors. The rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance has become a great concern for public health worldwide. Therefore, the novel approaches of nano-biomaterials (NBM) and bacteriophage (phage) have received a new attention as an alternative treatment for antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Moreover, the advanced molecular biology and genetic engineering have been successfully applied for the rapid detection and control of multidrug resistant pathogenic strains. This chapter specifically summarizes the prevalence of common as well as under-researched antimicrobial resistance of bacterial pathogens and the application of nano-biomaterials and bacteriophage to fight against antimicrobial resistance. Ultimately, the synergistic approach will be a highly promising prospect to threat of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Recent Approaches towards Control of Fungal Diseases in Plants: An Updated Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 900
Author(s):  
Nawal Abd El-Baky ◽  
Amro Abd Al Fattah Amara
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control

Recent research demonstrates that the number of virulent phytopathogenic fungi continually grows, which leads to significant economic losses worldwide. Various procedures are currently available for the rapid detection and control of phytopathogenic fungi. Since 1940, chemical and synthetic fungicides were typically used to control phytopathogenic fungi. However, the substantial increase in development of fungal resistance to these fungicides in addition to negative effects caused by synthetic fungicides on the health of animals, human beings, and the environment results in the exploration of various new approaches and green strategies of fungal control by scientists from all over the world. In this review, the development of new approaches for controlling fungal diseases in plants is discussed. We argue that an effort should be made to bring these recent technologies to the farmer level.

Effective infection prevention and control strategies in a large accredited psychiatric facility in Singapore

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Poremski ◽  
Sandra Henrietta Subner ◽  
Grace Lam Fong Kin ◽  
Raveen Dev Ram Dev ◽  
Mok Yee Ming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Psychiatric Facility ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
And Control

The Institute of Mental Health in Singapore continues to attempt to prevent the introduction of COVID-19, despite community transmission. Essential services are maintained and quarantine measures are currently unnecessary. To help similar organizations, strategies are listed along three themes: sustaining essential services, preventing infection, and managing human and consumable resources.

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