scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Campylobacter jejuni Vaccine Candidates for Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Pongthorn Pumtang-on ◽  
Timothy J. Mahony ◽  
Rodney A. Hill ◽  
Thiru Vanniasinkam
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Vaccine Antigen ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Efficacious Vaccine ◽  
Substrate Binding Protein

Campylobacter jejuni infection linked to the consumption of contaminated poultry products is one of the leading causes of human enteric illness worldwide. Vaccination of chickens is one of the potential strategies that could be used to control C. jejuni colonization. To date, various C. jejuni vaccines using potential antigens have been evaluated, but a challenge in identifying the most effective formulation is the wide variability in vaccine efficacies reported. A systematic review was undertaken to compare C. jejuni vaccine studies. Based upon specific selection criteria eligible papers were identified and included in the analysis. Vaccine efficacy reported from different C. jejuni antigens, vaccine types, and vaccination regimens reported in these papers were reviewed. Our analysis shows that total outer membrane proteins and cysteine ABC transporter substrate-binding protein were among the most efficacious vaccine antigen candidates reported. This review also highlights the importance of the need for increased consistency in the way C. jejuni vaccine studies in poultry are designed and reported in order to be able to undertake a robust comparison of C. jejuni vaccine candidates.

scholarly journals Non-Typhoidal Salmonellosis: A Major Concern for Poultry Industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamta Pandey ◽  
Emmagouni Sharath Kumar Goud
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Gastrointestinal Pathogen ◽  
Adhesive Proteins ◽  
And Control

Salmonella is the most important gastrointestinal pathogen distributed ubiquitously. The major serovars involved in Non-typhoidal salmonellosis are S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. In the viewpoint of ban in the export and import of the Salmonella contaminated poultry food and poultry products, the need for rapid detection and mitigation of Salmonella has increased mani-folds. The major problem associated with its control is the growing incidence of antimicrobial resistance, which has been reported worldwide in the recent years. From causing self limiting gastroenteritis they have found to be responsible for several fatal diseases like endocarditis, meningitis, lung infestations, appendicitis, pneumonia, and cerebral abscess in human beings. Targeting several proteins such as adhesive proteins, lipoproteins, outer membrane proteins (Omps) etc. as vaccine candidates may pave a way in its control. So, continuous monitoring using one health approach and development of effective treatment and control strategies are critical.

Immunogenicity of the recombinant leptospiral putative outer membrane proteins as vaccine candidates

Vaccine ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (48) ◽  
pp. 8190-8197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Fu Chang ◽  
Chia-Sui Chen ◽  
Raghavan U.M. Palaniappan ◽  
Hongxuan He ◽  
Sean P. McDonough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Vaccine Candidates

A Systematic Review of Treatments for Infant Colic

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 106 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 184-190
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Garrison ◽  
Dimitri A. Christakis
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Herbal Tea ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Numbers Needed To Treat ◽  
Adequate Quality ◽  
Infant Colic ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objective: To conduct a systematic review of rigorously evaluated treatments for infant colic. Methods. Online bibliographic databases were searched for the term “colic” in articles classified as clinical trials or randomized controlled trials and conducted in infants. Reference lists from review articles, meta-analyses, and the selected articles were also reviewed for potential studies. The abstracts or full-text articles of 57 relevant studies were examined, of which 22 met the selection criteria. The methodology and findings of all retrieved articles were critically evaluated. Data were extracted from each article regarding study methods, intervention studied, outcomes measured, and results. Results. Four of the interventions studied had data of adequate quality and statistically significant numbers needed to treat (NNT): hypoallergenic diet (NNT = 6), soy formula (NNT = 2), reduced stimulation (NNT = 2), and herbal tea (NNT = 3). Conclusions. There are some effective therapies for infant colic, but additional rigorous studies of existing and alternative therapies are needed.

Incidence of Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Listeria monocytogenes in Poultry Carcasses and Different Types of Poultry Products for Sale on the Belgian Retail Market

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 735-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. UYTTENDAELE ◽  
P. DE TROY ◽  
J. DEBEVERE
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Retail Market ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Poultry Products

From January 1997 to May 1998, 772 samples of poultry carcasses and poultry products for sale on the retail market in Belgium were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella spp., Salmonella Enteritidis, Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, and Listeria monocytogenes per 100 cm2 or 25 g. Poultry samples were contaminated with Salmonella (36.5%), C. jejuni and C. coli (28.5%), and L. monocytogenes (38.2%). In about 12.3% of the poultry samples, the L. monocytogenes contamination level exceeded 1 CFU per g or cm2. Significant differences in pathogen contamination rates of poultry products were noticed between the poultry products originating from Belgian, French, and U.K. abattoirs. Poultry products derived from broiler chickens running free in pine woods until slaughtering age (12 to 13 weeks) had a significantly (P < 0.05) lower contamination rate of Salmonella than poultry products from enclosed broilers slaughtered at the age of 6 to 8 weeks. A significantly (P < 0.05) lower pathogen contamination rate was noted for Salmonella, C. jejuni, and C. coli for poultry cuts without skin compared to poultry cuts with skin on. An increase in pathogen contamination rate was noticed during cutting and further processing. To diminish C. jejuni, C. coli, Salmonella, and L. monocytogenes contamination rates, hygienic rules of slaughter and meat processing must be rigorously observed. At the moment, zero tolerance for these pathogens is not feasible, and there is a need to establish criteria allowing these pathogens to be present at reasonable levels in the examined poultry samples.

scholarly journals Detection of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and virulence genes in poultry products marketed in Northeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e542101019224
Author(s):  
Felipe Pereira de Melo ◽  
Priscila Oliveira da Silva ◽  
Saruanna Millena dos Santos Clemente ◽  
Renata Pimentel Bandeira de Melo ◽  
José Givanildo da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Public Markets ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Public Market

In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobcater coli, and virulence genes in fresh, chilled, and frozen chicken carcasses with livers and gizzards sold in public markets and supermarkets. Of the 90 samples analyzed, C. jejuni was the most prevalent, with 28.8% of positive samples, whereas C. coli was positive in 15.6% of samples. In public market samples, C. coli had a higher prevalence than C. jejuni, with 16.7% positive samples detected, whereas in supermarket samples, C. jejuni was more prevalent (36.7% positivity). C. jejuni was detected in all forms of commercialized carcasses; however, there was a higher prevalence (43.3%) in chilled samples than C. coli, which was not detected in frozen samples but showed a higher prevalence (16.7%) in fresh samples. Both species were detected in different poultry products, with C. jejuni being more prevalent (53.3%) in liver samples. C. coli showed a higher prevalence in samples of meat pieces (10%). The presence of five virulence genes related to adherence (Peb1, JlpA, CadF, and CapA) and invasion (CiaB) was also observed in both species.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of medical cannabinoids in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nir Treves ◽  
Noa Mor ◽  
Karel Allegaert ◽  
Hely Bassalov ◽  
Matitiahu Berkovitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dravet Syndrome ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Global Impression Of Change ◽  
Mental Events

AbstractDespite the increased use of medical cannabinoids, the efficacy and safety of the treatment among children remain uncertain. The objective was to study the efficacy and safety of medical cannabinoids in children. The search included studies through 11-May-2020. Selection criteria included studies evaluating efficacy and safety outcomes of medical cannabinoids (tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and other cannabis derivatives) versus control in children, independently assessed by two reviewers. Eight studies were included, all of which are randomized controlled trials. Cannabidiol is associated with 50% reduction in seizures rate (Relative Risk (RR) = 1.69, 95% CI [1.20–2.36]) and caregiver global impression of change (Median Estimated difference = (− 1), 95%CI [− 1.39–(− 0.60)]) in Dravet syndrome, compared to placebo. While cannabidiol was associated with a reduction in reported seizure events (RR = 0.59, 95% CI [0.36–0.97]), no association was found in products contained also tetrahydrocannabinol (RR = 1.35, 95% CI [0.46–4.03]). Higher dose of cannabidiol was associated with decreased appetite (RR = 2.40, 95% CI [1.39–4.15]). A qualitative assessment suggests that medical cannabinoids might be associated with adverse mental events. In conclusion, cannabidiol is associated with clinical improvement in Dravet syndrome. However, cannabidiol is also associated with decreased appetite. Adverse mental events were reported as well, however, more research should be performed to assess well this outcome.

Is Incisura Fibularis a Reliable Landmark for Assessing Syndesmotic Stability? A Systematic Review of Morphometric Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akilesh Anand Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Anatomical Landmark ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Levels Of Evidence ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Important Landmark ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Incisura fibularis (IF) is an important landmark in assessing syndesmotic stability radiologically postinjury. The purpose of this review was to explore the anatomy and morphometrics of this widely used anatomical landmark and to further the understanding of the same. A systematic review was conducted online using PubMed and Google Scholar, per PRISMA guidelines. Predefined eligibility criteria were applied, and the data thus compiled were analyzed. Wide variability in morphometrics and, thus, anatomy of IF were observed in the present review, which was influenced by gender. There was no side-to-side variability seen in this study. The study stresses the need to consider the anatomical and gender-based variability while assessing syndesmotic stability and further supports the recommendation of side-to-side comparison. Levels of Evidence: Anatomical, Level V

Rapid On-Site Evaluation of Fine-Needle Aspiration by Non-Cytopathologists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies for Adequacy Assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Pearson ◽  
Rachel E. Factor ◽  
Sandra K. White ◽  
Brandon S. Walker ◽  
Lester J. Layfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Site Evaluation ◽  
Adequacy Assessment

Objective: Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) has been shown to improve adequacy rates and reduce needle passes. ROSE is often performed by cytopathologists who have limited availability and may be costlier than alternatives. Several recent studies examined the use of alternative evaluators (AEs) for ROSE. A summary of this information could help inform guidelines regarding the use of AEs. The objective was to assess the accuracy of AEs compared to cytopathologists in assessing the adequacy of specimens during ROSE. Study Design: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reporting and study quality were assessed using the STARD guidelines and QUADAS-2. All steps were performed independently by two evaluators. Summary estimates were obtained using the hierarchal method in Stata v14. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Higgins’ I2 statistic. Results: The systematic review identified 13 studies that were included in the meta-analysis. Summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity for AEs were 97% (95% CI: 92–99%) and 83% (95% CI: 68–92%). There was wide variation in accuracy statistics between studies (I2 = 0.99). Conclusions: AEs sometimes have accuracy that is close to cytopathologists. However, there is wide variability between studies, so it is not possible to provide a broad guideline regarding the use of AEs.

Rapid Detection of Campylobacter jejuni in Poultry Products Using QD-FRET Based Fluoroimmunoassay

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 548-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Wang ◽  
Michael Slavik ◽  
Yanbin Li ◽  
Andrew Wang
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Poultry Products

scholarly journals Prospects for a safe COVID-19 vaccine

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (568) ◽  
pp. eabe0948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barton F. Haynes ◽  
Lawrence Corey ◽  
Prabhavathi Fernandes ◽  
Peter B. Gilbert ◽  
Peter J. Hotez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trial Design ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Clinical Trial Design ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Immune Protection ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Immune Enhancement ◽  
Efficacious Vaccine

Rapid development of an efficacious vaccine against the viral pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, is essential, but rigorous studies are required to determine the safety of candidate vaccines. Here, on behalf of the Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV) Working Group, we evaluate research on the potential risk of immune enhancement of disease by vaccines and viral infections, including coronavirus infections, together with emerging data about COVID-19 disease. Vaccine-associated enhanced disease has been rarely encountered with existing vaccines or viral infections. Although animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection may elucidate mechanisms of immune protection, we need observations of enhanced disease in people receiving candidate COVID-19 vaccines to understand the risk of immune enhancement of disease. Neither principles of immunity nor preclinical studies provide a basis for prioritizing among the COVID-19 vaccine candidates with respect to safety at this time. Rigorous clinical trial design and postlicensure surveillance should provide a reliable strategy to identify adverse events, including the potential for enhanced severity of COVID-19 disease, after vaccination.

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