scholarly journals Repurposing of Metformin as a Multifaceted and Multitasking Preventative and Treatment for Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Chang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Metformin is a cornerstone treatment of diabetes mellitus. Since 2005 when it has been first reported to reduce the risk of cancer in diabetics, a large number of preclinical and clinical studies have implicated its potential role as a preventative and adjunct therapy for a broad range of cancers. Whereas preclinical studies demonstrate its actions on a multitude of molecular pathways involving nearly all aspects of cancer development including metabolism, angiogenesis, apoptosis, autophagy, immunity, epigenetics, inflammation and crosstalk with the microbiome, other studies demonstrate its synergism with a range of anticancer modalities including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies. Furthermore, an increasing number of clinical studies not only confirm its preventative properties against cancers but have extended its potential for a possible adjunctive role in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant, maintenance and salvage therapies of cancer. This article intends to summarize the basic science that allows us to understand the complex multiple mechanisms of action of this remarkable multitasking molecule as well as review the recent meta-analyses that have summarized the clinical studies assessing the therapeutic efficacy of metformin for various cancers.

scholarly journals Role of Coenzyme Q10 in Health and Disease: An Update on the Last 10 Years (2010–2020)

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1325
Author(s):  
Ilenia Cirilli ◽  
Elisabetta Damiani ◽  
Phiwayinkosi Vusi Dludla ◽  
Iain Hargreaves ◽  
Fabio Marcheggiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Novel Applications

The present review focuses on preclinical and clinical studies conducted in the last decade that contribute to increasing knowledge on Coenzyme Q10’s role in health and disease. Classical antioxidant and bioenergetic functions of the coenzyme have been taken into consideration, as well as novel mechanisms of action involving the redox-regulated activation of molecular pathways associated with anti-inflammatory activities. Cardiovascular research and fertility remain major fields of application of Coenzyme Q10, although novel applications, in particular in relation to topical application, are gaining considerable interest. In this respect, bioavailability represents a major challenge and the innovation in formulation aspects is gaining critical importance.

scholarly journals Generalized data of criteria of risk factors for the use of the drug torasemide from the materials of its preclinical studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Anisimova ◽  
Natalia O. Selizarova ◽  
Grigory A. Plisko ◽  
Evgeny D. Semivelichenko ◽  
Svetlana M. Napalkova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathology ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Search For Information ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

This study presents the review and analysis of materials, the summary of the data on the results of experimental (preclinical) pharmacological studies of the drug Torasemide and the results of clinical studies of the original drug Demadex, based on risk factors influencing the outcomes of hypertension in people. The information on the efficacy and safety of the drugs based on Torasemide is also presented in the relevant sections of the article. The search for information sources for the review was carried out using domestic and international databases elibrary and PubMed, applying contextual queries, including international non-proprietary names, terms of preclinical studies of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and animal species used. This review considers the aspects of safety, pharmacokinetics, primary and secondary pharmacodynamics of Torasemide, available in various sources describing its preclinical studies. The summarized data presented in the study, in our opinion, may be used by researchers who are engaged in preclinical and clinical studies, as well as the issues of studying the efficacy and safety of generic drugs used in the treatment of patients with arterial hypertension and other cardiovascular pathology. The information on the advantages of Torasemide in comparison with Furosemide in the treatment of animals with simulated arterial hypertension deserves special consideration.

Reposition of the Fungicide Ciclopirox for Cancer Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Huang ◽  
Shile Huang
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Iron Chelation ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Multiple Signaling

Background: : Ciclopirox (CPX), a broad-spectrum fungicide, has been widely used to treat fungal infection on the skin and nails for decades. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have shown that CPX also possesses promising anticancer activity. Objective: To summarize the patents, the pharmacological and toxicological properties, the anticancer activity, and the mechanisms of action of CPX and its derivatives as anticancer agents. Methods: We searched PubMed and Google using the keywords “ciclopirox”, “cancer or tumor” and “patent”, and reviewed the literature identified. Results: Pharmacological and toxicological profiles from preclinical and clinical studies support that systemic administration of CPX and its derivatives is feasible and safe for cancer treatment. CPX exerts its anticancer activity by inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, suppressing cell migration and invasion, and inhibiting angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Mechanistically, CPX impacts the expression or activities of multiple signaling molecules or pathways, such as ribonucleotide reductase, Myc, DJ-1, Wnt/β-catenin, DOHH/eIF5A/PEAK1, VEGFR-3/ERK1/2, ATR/Chk1/Cdc25A, and AMPK/TSC/mTORC1. Most of these effects are attributed to iron chelation by CPX. Five patents have been retrieved: four patents on the development of CPX prodrugs to improve the water solubility and bioavailability of CPX, and one patent on the methods of bladder cancer treatment with CPX, CPX-O, or a CPX prodrug. Conclusion: CPX has a great potential to be repositioned for cancer therapy.

scholarly journals The Challenges and Effects of Ascorbic Acid Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical and Clinical Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Gao ◽  
Eric Chong ◽  
Sayali Pendharkar ◽  
Anthony Phillips ◽  
Lu Ke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Background: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP), and ascorbic acid (AA), as an important endogenous antioxidant substance, has been shown to reduce AP severity in preclinical studies. However, the effects of AA supplementation in clinical settings remain controversial.Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and SCOPUS databases were searched, and both preclinical and clinical studies were included. For clinical trials, the primary outcome was incidence of organ failure, and for preclinical studies, the primary outcome was histopathological scores of pancreatic injuries.Results: Meta-analysis of clinical trials showed that compared with controls, AA administration did not reduce the incidence of organ failure or mortality during hospitalization but was associated with significantly reduced length of hospital stay. Meta-analysis of preclinical studies showed that AA supplementation reduced pancreatic injury, demonstrated as decreased histological scores and serum amylase, lipase levels.Conclusion: AA administration has no effect on survival or organ failure in patients with AP but may reduce the length of hospital stay. However, the evidence to date remains sparse, scattered, and of suboptimal quality, making it difficult to draw any firm conclusion on the clinical benefits of AA in AP.

scholarly journals Effect of metformin on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Stepan Ionov ◽  
Valentina Orlova ◽  
Natalia Kulbachevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Published Data ◽  
First Line ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Line Drug ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus 2

The article provides an overview of the currently known descriptions of the mechanisms and toxic effects of two drugs: doxorubicin, a first-line drug for the treatment of cancer, and the mechanisms of action of Metformin, a drug widely used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus 2.  The review made with the usage of NCBI, PubMed and OxfordAcademic presents the analysis of published data on the protective effect of Metformin in its combined use with doxorubicin in an experiment in an attempt to reduce the manifestations of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

scholarly journals Polyphenols—Gut Microbiota Interrelationship: A Transition to a New Generation of Prebiotics

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Diana Plamada ◽  
Dan Cristian Vodnar
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Plant Kingdom ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
New Generation

The present review summarizes the studies carried out on this topic in the last five years. According to the new definitions, among all the compounds included in the group of prebiotics, polyphenols are probably the most important secondary metabolites produced by the plant kingdom. Many of these types of polyphenols have low bioavailability, therefore reaching the colon in unaltered form. Once in the colon, these compounds interact with the intestinal microbes bidirectionally by modulating them and, consequently, releasing metabolites. Despite much research on various metabolites, little is known about the chemistry of the metabolic routes used by different bacteria species. In this context, this review aims to investigate the prebiotic effect of polyphenols in preclinical and clinical studies, highlighting that the consumption of polyphenols leads to an increase in beneficial bacteria, as well as an increase in the production of valuable metabolites. In conclusion, there is much evidence in preclinical studies supporting the prebiotic effect of polyphenols, but further clinical studies are needed to investigate this effect in humans.

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