scholarly journals Gene Expression in Osteolysis: Review on the Identification of Altered Molecular Pathways in Preclinical and Clinical Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Veronesi ◽  
Matilde Tschon ◽  
Milena Fini
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

scholarly journals Repurposing of Metformin as a Multifaceted and Multitasking Preventative and Treatment for Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Chang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Metformin is a cornerstone treatment of diabetes mellitus. Since 2005 when it has been first reported to reduce the risk of cancer in diabetics, a large number of preclinical and clinical studies have implicated its potential role as a preventative and adjunct therapy for a broad range of cancers. Whereas preclinical studies demonstrate its actions on a multitude of molecular pathways involving nearly all aspects of cancer development including metabolism, angiogenesis, apoptosis, autophagy, immunity, epigenetics, inflammation and crosstalk with the microbiome, other studies demonstrate its synergism with a range of anticancer modalities including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies. Furthermore, an increasing number of clinical studies not only confirm its preventative properties against cancers but have extended its potential for a possible adjunctive role in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant, maintenance and salvage therapies of cancer. This article intends to summarize the basic science that allows us to understand the complex multiple mechanisms of action of this remarkable multitasking molecule as well as review the recent meta-analyses that have summarized the clinical studies assessing the therapeutic efficacy of metformin for various cancers.

scholarly journals Role of Coenzyme Q10 in Health and Disease: An Update on the Last 10 Years (2010–2020)

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1325
Author(s):  
Ilenia Cirilli ◽  
Elisabetta Damiani ◽  
Phiwayinkosi Vusi Dludla ◽  
Iain Hargreaves ◽  
Fabio Marcheggiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Novel Applications

The present review focuses on preclinical and clinical studies conducted in the last decade that contribute to increasing knowledge on Coenzyme Q10’s role in health and disease. Classical antioxidant and bioenergetic functions of the coenzyme have been taken into consideration, as well as novel mechanisms of action involving the redox-regulated activation of molecular pathways associated with anti-inflammatory activities. Cardiovascular research and fertility remain major fields of application of Coenzyme Q10, although novel applications, in particular in relation to topical application, are gaining considerable interest. In this respect, bioavailability represents a major challenge and the innovation in formulation aspects is gaining critical importance.

scholarly journals Toxic Animal-Based Medicinal Materials Can Be Effective in Treating Endometriosis: A Scoping Review

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Su-In Hwang ◽  
Young-Jin Yoon ◽  
Soo-Hyun Sung ◽  
Ki-Tae Ha ◽  
Jang-Kyung Park
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Dependent Growth ◽  
Gynecological Disorder ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Animal toxins and venoms have recently been developed as cancer treatments possessing tumor cell growth-inhibitory, antiangiogenesis, and proapoptotic effects. Endometriosis is a common benign gynecological disorder in reproductive-age women, and no definite treatment for this disorder is without severe side effects. As endometriosis and malignant tumors share similar characteristics (progressive, invasive, estrogen-dependent growth, and recurrence), animal toxins and venoms are thought to be effective against endometriosis. The objective of this study was to outline studies using toxic animal-based medicinal materials (TMM) as endometriosis treatment and to explore its clinical applicability. Preclinical and clinical studies using TMM were searched for in four databases from inception to October 2020. A total of 20 studies of TMM on endometriosis were included. In eight clinical studies, herbal medicines containing TMM were effective in relieving symptoms of endometriosis, with no side effects. In twelve experimental studies, the main therapeutic mechanisms of TMM against endometriosis were proapoptotic, antiangiogenesis, estrogen level-reducing, and possible anti-inflammatory effects. TMM are thus considered promising sources for the development of an effective treatment method for endometriosis. Further studies are needed to clarify the therapeutic mechanism of TMM against endometriosis and to provide sufficient grounds for clinical application.

scholarly journals Effects of Curcumin and Its Different Formulations in Preclinical and Clinical Studies of Peripheral Neuropathic and Postoperative Pain: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4666
Author(s):  
Paramita Basu ◽  
Camelia Maier ◽  
Arpita Basu
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Somatosensory System ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Acute Postoperative Pain ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Lesion or disease of the somatosensory system leads to the development of neuropathic pain. Peripheral neuropathic pain encompasses damage or injury of the peripheral nervous system. On the other hand, 10–15% of individuals suffer from acute postoperative pain followed by persistent pain after undergoing surgeries. Antidepressants, anticonvulsants, baclofen, and clonidine are used to treat peripheral neuropathy, whereas opioids are used to treat postoperative pain. The negative effects associated with these drugs emphasize the search for alternative therapeutics with better efficacy and fewer side effects. Curcumin, a polyphenol isolated from the roots of Curcuma longa, possesses antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, the low bioavailability and fast metabolism of curcumin have led to the advent of various curcumin formulations. The present review provides a comprehensive analysis on the effects of curcumin and its formulations in preclinical and clinical studies of neuropathic and postoperative pain. Based on the positive outcomes from both preclinical and clinical studies, curcumin holds the promise of mitigating or preventing neuropathic and postoperative pain conditions. However, more clinical studies with improved curcumin formulations are required to involve its use as adjuvant to neuropathic and postoperative drugs.

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