scholarly journals Gums—Characteristics and Applications in the Food Industry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Aires da Silva ◽  
Giselle Cristine Melo Aires ◽  
Rosinelson da Silva Pena
Keyword(s):  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Thermodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Moisture Retention ◽  
High Molar Mass ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Complex Carbohydrates

Gums, or polysaccharides, are complex carbohydrates, soluble in water, which can form gels and mucilages. They have high molar mass and can be formed by galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, galacturonic acid, among others. They have gelling characteristics, thickening, moisture retention, emulsification and stabilization. Polysaccharides are widely used in the formulation of food products, due to their wide versatility. Its diversity of applications is closely linked to its chemical structures. The characterization of structural molecules allows the knowledge of the properties of polysaccharides or glycoconjugates. In this sense, this chapter addresses knowledge about chemical, molecular, rheological, thermodynamic characteristics that are extremely important to identify the use and applications of polysaccharides in the context of elaboration and innovation in the food industry.

Kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics of dyes adsorption onto modified chitosan: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 (11) ◽  
pp. 1499-1538
Author(s):  
Abida Kausar ◽  
Kashaf Naeem ◽  
Munawar Iqbal ◽  
Zill-i-Huma Nazli ◽  
Haq N. Bhatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Thermodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Modified Chitosan ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Variable Chemical ◽  
Modified Adsorbents ◽  
Dyes Adsorption

Abstract In view of promising sorption capacity, stability, biodegradability, cost-effectiveness, environmental friendly nature, regeneration and recycling ability, the chitosan (CS) based adsorbents are highly efficient for the sequestration of dyes. Since CS offers variable chemical structures and CS have been modified by incorporating different moieties. The CS composites with unique properties have been employed successfully for dye adsorption with reasonably high adsorption capacity versus other similar adsorbents. Modifications of CS were promising for the preparation of composites that are extensively studied for their adsorption capacities for various dyes. This review highlights the CS and its modification and their applications for the adsorption of dyes. The removal capacities of CS-based adsorbents, equilibrium modeling, kinetics studies and the thermodynamic characteristics are reported. Moreover, the FTIR, BET, SEM, TGA and XRD were employed for the characterization of CS modified adsorbents are also discussed. Results revealed that the modified CS is highly efficient and can be employed for the sequestration of dyes from effluents.

Characterization of ultra-high molar mass hyaluronan: 1. Off-line static methods

Polymer ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (25) ◽  
pp. 6611-6620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raniero Mendichi ◽  
Alberto Giacometti Schieroni ◽  
Cesare Grassi ◽  
Alberto Re
Keyword(s):  
Molar Mass ◽  
High Molar Mass

Synthesis and characterization of high-molar-mass star-shaped poly(l-lactide)s

Polimery ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 488-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Michalski ◽  
Grzegorz Lapienis
Keyword(s):  
Molar Mass ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Mass Star ◽  
High Molar Mass

Thermally stable optically transparent copolymers of 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane and N-phenyl maleimide with degradable ester linkages

e-Polymers ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinfeng Shi ◽  
Seema Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Ring Opening ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Charge Transfer Complex ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Radical Ring ◽  
High Molar Mass

AbstractThe copolymers of 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (MDO) and N-phenyl maleimide (NPM) prepared by radical polymerization with high thermal stability, glass transition temperature and optical transparency are presented. The polymers made under specific reaction conditions, i.e., 120°C and high amounts of MDO, had degradable ester units, which were formed via radical ring-opening polymerization of MDO. The formation of charge-transfer complex between MDO and NPM also led to the formation of high-molar-mass copolymers by simple mixing and heating of monomers without the use of any initiator. Structural characterization of the copolymers including mechanistic studies was carried out using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and their thermal properties were studied using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis.

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