Chemical characterization of high-molar-mass fractions in a Norway spruce knotwood ethanol extract

2016 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 207-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika I. Smeds ◽  
Patrik C. Eklund ◽  
Stefan M. Willför
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
High Molar Mass ◽  
Mass Fractions

scholarly journals Antiviral activity and chemical characterization of Cissus erosa (Vitaceae) ethanol extracts

Rodriguésia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Cotta Cardoso Reis ◽  
Hélia Maria Marques de Moura ◽  
Breno Mello Silva ◽  
Alaíde Braga de Oliveira ◽  
Geraldo Célio Brandão
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Virus Activity ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Abstract Cissus erosa (Vitaceae), popularly known in Brazil as Cipó-fogo, is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of warts and external ulcers. The present study aimed to evaluate the activity of stems and leaves ethanol extracts of C. erosa against the Dengue and Zika virus by the MTT colorimetric method and to carry on the phytochemical characterization of active extracts by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Only the leaves ethanol extract showed anti-Dengue virus activity EC50 18.2 µg/ml (SI > 27.5) and low cytotoxicity for LLCMK2 cells (CC50 > 500 mg/ml). Both extracts (stems and leaves) showed anti-Zika virus activity with EC50 of 45.8 mg/ml and 82.8 mg/ml, respectively. These extracts presented CC50 of 309.2 µg/ml (leaves) and 387.6 µg/ml (stems) to Vero cells. Analysis by CCD and HPLC-DAD detected the presence of triterpenes, steroids, flavonoids and tannins. UPLC-MS analyses of these extracts, allowed the identification of the majority of flavonoids present known as vitexin, isovitexin, orientin, isoorientin and two flavones derivatives, methoxyluteolin-6(8)-C-hexosyl and luteolin-7,4’-di-O-glycosylflavone. The results of the phytochemical studies here described suggest that flavonoids and terpenoids are the substances that contribute to the antiviral activity of the ethanol extracts within this species.

Chemical characterization of the polar antibacterial fraction of the ethanol extract from Rosmarinus officinalis

2020 ◽  
pp. 128674
Author(s):  
Xiangjian Zhong ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Na Zhou ◽  
Jinjie Li ◽  
Jiachen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis

Increased thermal stability of a poled electro-optic polymer using high-molar-mass fractions

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph P. Bertram ◽  
Nils Benter ◽  
Dirk Apitz ◽  
Elisabeth Soergel ◽  
Karsten Buse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
High Molar Mass ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

scholarly journals Flight-based chemical characterization of biomass burning aerosols within two prescribed burn smoke plumes

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 12549-12565 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Pratt ◽  
S. M. Murphy ◽  
R. Subramanian ◽  
P. J. DeMott ◽  
G. L. Kok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Prescribed Burn ◽  
Smoke Plumes ◽  
Mass Fractions

Abstract. Biomass burning represents a major global source of aerosols impacting direct radiative forcing and cloud properties. Thus, the goal of a number of current studies involves developing a better understanding of how the chemical composition and mixing state of biomass burning aerosols evolve during atmospheric aging processes. During the Ice in Clouds Experiment-Layer Clouds (ICE-L) in the fall of 2007, smoke plumes from two small Wyoming Bureau of Land Management prescribed burns were measured by on-line aerosol instrumentation aboard a C-130 aircraft, providing a detailed chemical characterization of the particles. After ~2–4 min of aging, submicron smoke particles, produced primarily from sagebrush combustion, consisted predominantly of organics by mass, but were comprised primarily of internal mixtures of organic carbon, elemental carbon, potassium chloride, and potassium sulfate. Significantly, the fresh biomass burning particles contained minor mass fractions of nitrate and sulfate, suggesting that hygroscopic material is incorporated very near or at the point of emission. The mass fractions of ammonium, sulfate, and nitrate increased with aging up to ~81–88 min and resulted in acidic particles. Decreasing black carbon mass concentrations occurred due to dilution of the plume. Increases in the fraction of oxygenated organic carbon and the presence of dicarboxylic acids, in particular, were observed with aging. Cloud condensation nuclei measurements suggested all particles >100 nm were active at 0.5% water supersaturation in the smoke plumes, confirming the relatively high hygroscopicity of the freshly emitted particles. For immersion/condensation freezing, ice nuclei measurements at −32 °C suggested activation of ~0.03–0.07% of the particles with diameters greater than 500 nm.

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