scholarly journals 4(3H)-Quinazolinone Derivatives: Syntheses, Physical Properties, Chemical Reaction, and Biological Properties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Y. Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Quinazolinone Derivatives

scholarly journals Suture Fiber Reinforcement of a 3D Printed Gelatin Scaffold for Its Potential Application in Soft Tissue Engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11600
Author(s):  
Dong Jin Choi ◽  
Kyoung Choi ◽  
Sang Jun Park ◽  
Young-Jin Kim ◽  
Seok Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
3D Scaffolds ◽  
3D Printed

Gelatin has excellent biological properties, but its poor physical properties are a major obstacle to its use as a biomaterial ink. These disadvantages not only worsen the printability of gelatin biomaterial ink, but also reduce the dimensional stability of its 3D scaffolds and limit its application in the tissue engineering field. Herein, biodegradable suture fibers were added into a gelatin biomaterial ink to improve the printability, mechanical strength, and dimensional stability of the 3D printed scaffolds. The suture fiber reinforced gelatin 3D scaffolds were fabricated using the thermo-responsive properties of gelatin under optimized 3D printing conditions (−10 °C cryogenic plate, 40–80 kPa pneumatic pressure, and 9 mm/s printing speed), and were crosslinked using EDC/NHS to maintain their 3D structures. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the morphologies of the 3D printed scaffolds maintained their 3D structure after crosslinking. The addition of 0.5% (w/v) of suture fibers increased the printing accuracy of the 3D printed scaffolds to 97%. The suture fibers also increased the mechanical strength of the 3D printed scaffolds by up to 6-fold, and the degradation rate could be controlled by the suture fiber content. In in vitro cell studies, DNA assay results showed that human dermal fibroblasts’ proliferation rate of a 3D printed scaffold containing 0.5% suture fiber was 10% higher than that of a 3D printed scaffold without suture fibers after 14 days of culture. Interestingly, the supplement of suture fibers into gelatin biomaterial ink was able to minimize the cell-mediated contraction of the cell cultured 3D scaffolds over the cell culture period. These results show that advanced biomaterial inks can be developed by supplementing biodegradable fibers to improve the poor physical properties of natural polymer-based biomaterial inks.

Realization

Philosophy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umut Baysan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Dependence Relation ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Special Sciences ◽  
Painful Sensation ◽  
Mental Properties ◽  
The Mind

“Realization” is a technical term used by philosophers of mind, philosophers of science, and metaphysicians to denote some dependence relation that is thought to exist between higher-level properties or states and lower-level properties or states. Some philosophers of mind hold that mental properties, such as believing that it is raining, having a painful sensation, and so on, are realized by physical properties. Understood this way, the term was introduced to philosophy of mind literature with the thesis that mental properties are multiply realizable by physical properties. Since different physical properties could realize the same mental property, it is thought that the phenomenon of multiple realization shows that the identity theory, namely the view that mental properties are identical with physical properties, is false. For similar reasons, some philosophers of the special sciences think that higher-level properties, such as biological properties, are realized by properties that are invoked in lower-level sciences such as physics. Some metaphysicians suggest that determinable properties, such as color properties (e.g., being red) are realized by their determinate properties (e.g., being crimson, being scarlet). Some argue that dispositional properties, such as being fragile, are realized by non-dispositional, categorical microstructural properties. It has been customary to think that functional properties, such as being a carburetor, are realized by first-order properties that play the specified functional roles. Due to the widely different usages of “realization,” it is difficult to determine if there should be one relation or several relations that this term denotes. Any relation that is denoted by this term can be seen as a realization relation. This article is about such relations. Whereas some theories explicitly formulate realization relations, some tangential theories that concern related issues (e.g., the mind-body problem) make crucial claims as to what counts as a case of realization. This article introduces the central questions about realization and clarifies the main issues and concepts that are invoked in the relevant literature.

scholarly journals Effects of Gelatin Methacrylate Bio-ink Concentration on Mechano-Physical Properties and Human Dermal Fibroblast Behavior

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-You Shie ◽  
Jian-Jr Lee ◽  
Chia-Che Ho ◽  
Ssu-Yin Yen ◽  
Hooi Yee Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Dermal Fibroblast ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Human Dermal Fibroblast ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Proliferation Markers

Gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMa) is a very versatile biomaterial widely used in various biomedical applications. The addition of methacryloyl makes it possible to have hydrogels with varying mechanical properties due to its photocuring characteristics. In addition, gelatin is obtained and derived from natural material; thus, it retains various cell-friendly motifs, such as arginine-glycine-aspartic acid, which then provides implanted cells with a friendly environment for proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we fabricated human dermal fibroblast cell (hDF)-laden photocurable GelMa hydrogels with varying physical properties (5%, 10%, and 15%) and assessed them for cellular responses and behavior, including cell spreading, proliferation, and the degree of extracellular matrix remodeling. Under similar photocuring conditions, lower concentrations of GelMa hydrogels had lower mechanical properties than higher concentrations. Furthermore, other properties, such as swelling and degradation, were compared in this study. In addition, our findings revealed that there were increased remodeling and proliferation markers in the 5% GelMa group, which had lower mechanical properties. However, it was important to note that cellular viabilities were not affected by the stiffness of the hydrogels. With this result in mind, we attempted to fabricate 5–15% GelMa scaffolds (20 × 20 × 3 mm3) to assess their feasibility for use in skin regeneration applications. The results showed that both 10% and 15% GelMa scaffolds could be fabricated easily at room temperature by adjusting several parameters, such as printing speed and extrusion pressure. However, since the sol-gel temperature of 5% GelMa was noted to be lower than its counterparts, 5% GelMa scaffolds had to be printed at low temperatures. In conclusion, GelMa once again was shown to be an ideal biomaterial for various tissue engineering applications due to its versatile mechanical and biological properties. This study showed the feasibility of GelMa in skin tissue engineering and its potential as an alternative for skin transplants.

scholarly journals Physical Properties of Cyclestructure

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties

Azo – cyclic   derivatives   are a part   from a ring that has more than type of atoms. Nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur are often found along with carbon in heterocycles rings. Heterocycles  derivatives  are common in chemical  chemistry, and many have fulfilled important physiological  active  in plant and animal kingdoms and have an important biological properties, such as, the antibiotic penicillin, sedative phenabarbital, and sugar replacing  reagent saccharin, all having heterocycles ring.

scholarly journals Niveles de sobreviniencia y expectativas reduccionistas en biología

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Caponi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Reductionist Approach

RESUMENLa existencia de propiedades biológicas sobrevinientes a las propiedades físicas no invalida el desarrollo de programas de investigación biológica de corte reduccionista como el de la Biología Molecular. La existencia de tales propiedades deja margen para el desarrollo de programas de investigación biológica que no asuman ese enfoque, pero no deslegitima los resultados obtenidos por programas que sí lo hacen. Sin embargo, reconocer que existen distintos grados de sobreviniencia, puede ayudarnos a determinar en dónde es dable esperar que la molecularización de la Biología genere lucros cognitivos efectivos y dónde es de temer lo contrario.PALABRAS-CLAVEFISICALISMO, BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR, REDUCCIONISMO, SOBREVINIENCIAABSTRACTThe existence of biological properties that supervene on physical properties, do not invalidate the development of reductionist biological research programs such as Molecular Biology. The existence of such properties leaves room for the development of biological research programs that do not take that approach, but it does not annul results obtained by programs that follow that reductionist approach. However, recognizing that there are different degrees of supervenience, can help us to determine where we should expect that the molecularization of Biology could generate cognitive profits and where we shouldn’t expect that.KEYWORDSMOLECULAR BIOLOGYGY, PHYSICALISM, REDUCTIONISM, SUPERVENIENCE

Reënforcing Action of Pigment Mixtures on Rubber Compounds

1931 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-255
Author(s):  
D. J. Beaver ◽  
J. W. MacKay
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Soft Carbon ◽  
Acidic Compounds

Abstract Mixtures of varying ratios of either channel black or a soft carbon black with whiting, lithopone, or clay show additive physical properties. Mixtures of soft carbon with zinc oxide also show additive properties, while mixtures of channel black and zinc oxide show poorer resistance to abrasion, higher modulus, and higher tensile strength than would be shown by purely additive mixtures. The explanation of these results appears to be found in the chemical reaction between the basic zinc oxide and the acidic compounds in the rubber or on the black. These results have been applied to the formulation of a solid-tire stock which will give a better resistance to abrasion and blow-out when using a soft black than when using a channel black.

Self-protective Oxide Nano-Coatings for Enhanced Surface Biocompatibility of Titanium

2015 ◽  
Vol 1806 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Zeynep Ozdemir ◽  
Valentin Craciun ◽  
Bahar Basim
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Native Oxide ◽  
Protective Oxide ◽  
Implant Material ◽  
New Process ◽  
Chemical Mechanical Polishing Process ◽  
Enhanced Surface

ABSTRACTThe biocompatibility of an implant material depends on the bulk physical properties in addition to the surface properties. In biomedical engineering and industry Ti and Ti-alloys are very popular biological implant material for their bulk physical properties and strength to weight ratio resembling those of nature bone. It is possible to modify the surface properties of titanium for enhanced surface biocompatibility. The main objective of the this study is to engineer a smart Ti-based prosthesis surface by self induced chemically modified titanium oxide nano-film by the chemical mechanical polishing process (CMP). This new process applied on bio-implants aims at significantly reducing the out-diffusion of Ti and other metallic impurities from prosthesis in contact with body fluids and tissue and simultaneously enhancing the surface mechanical, chemical and biological properties. CMP technique enables the growth of a thicker and denser self-protective native oxide on Ti and Ti alloy samples, while simultaneously inducing a controlled surface roughness. It is demonstrated that the Ti based dental implants with self-protective oxide induced surfaces help minimize chemical and bacterial reactivity in addition to Ti ion dissolution while promoting their biocompatibility through surface patterning. The studied self-protective oxide films can also be utilized for many additional applications including bio-sensors.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Different Combinations of Composting and Testing of Soil Physical Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tej Kumar Nepal ◽  
Ugyen Dorji ◽  
Yeshi Nidup ◽  
Chencho Wangdi ◽  
Kelzang Tshering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Aerobic Process ◽  
Potato Peels

During composting process, soils undergo many changes in their physical, chemical and biological properties. Composting has been widely known as an aerobic process during which organic matter is decomposed to humus like substances broken into many organic materials or compounds. The project aims to compare and analyze different combination of composting that yield different properties and nature of soils, and testing their soil physical properties. Dug three compost pits each 1.5 m in depth, labeled compost pit A consisting of potato peels – the only kitchen waste most common around the college hostels, compost pit B consisting of leaf litter and other garden trimmings and compost pit C consisting of cow dung and the other as a controlled experiment with no composting practices.

scholarly journals Optimal modality selection in external beam radiotherapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevnaz Nourollahi ◽  
Archis Ghate ◽  
Minsun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Organs At Risk ◽  
External Beam Radiotherapy ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Selection Problem ◽  
External Beam ◽  
Quartic Equation ◽  
Protons And Neutrons

Abstract The goal in external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for cancer is to maximize damage to the tumour while limiting toxic effects on the organs-at-risk. EBRT can be delivered via different modalities such as photons, protons and neutrons. The choice of an optimal modality depends on the anatomy of the irradiated area and the relative physical and biological properties of the modalities under consideration. There is no single universally dominant modality. We present the first-ever mathematical formulation of the optimal modality selection problem. We show that this problem can be tackled by solving the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions of optimality, which reduce to an analytically tractable quartic equation. We perform numerical experiments to gain insights into the effect of biological and physical properties on the choice of an optimal modality or combination of modalities.

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