scholarly journals The Effects of Infection on Mosquito Rhythmic Behavior

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela Vieira Bruno ◽  
Luana Cristina Farnesi ◽  
Luciana Ordunha Araripe
Keyword(s):  
Rhythmic Behavior

scholarly journals The primacy of rhythm: how discrete actions merge into a stable rhythmic pattern

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 574-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoran Zhang ◽  
Dagmar Sternad
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Periodic Pattern ◽  
Voluntary Movements ◽  
Rhythmic Pattern ◽  
Rhythmic Movements ◽  
Discrete Movements ◽  
Floquet Multipliers ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Rhythmic Behavior ◽  
Virtual Target

This study examined how humans spontaneously merge a sequence of discrete actions into a rhythmic pattern, even when periodicity is not required. Two experiments used a virtual throwing task, in which subjects performed a long sequence of discrete throwing movements, aiming to hit a virtual target. In experiment 1, subjects performed the task for 11 sessions. Although there was no instruction to perform rhythmically, the variability of the interthrow intervals decreased to a level comparable to that of synchronizing with a metronome; furthermore, dwell times shortened or even disappeared with practice. Floquet multipliers and decreasing variability of the arm trajectories estimated in state space indicated an increasing degree of dynamic stability. Subjects who achieved a higher level of periodicity and stability also displayed higher accuracy in the throwing task. To directly test whether rhythmicity affected performance, experiment 2 disrupted the evolving continuity and periodicity by enforcing a pause between successive throws. This discrete group performed significantly worse and with higher variability in their arm trajectories than the self-paced group. These findings are discussed in the context of previous neuroimaging results showing that rhythmic movements involve significantly fewer cortical and subcortical activations than discrete movements and therefore may pose a computationally more parsimonious solution. Such emerging stable rhythms in neuromotor subsystems may serve as building blocks or dynamic primitives for complex actions. The tendency for humans to spontaneously fall into a rhythm in voluntary movements is consistent with the ubiquity of rhythms at all levels of the physiological system. NEW & NOTEWORTHY When performing a series of throws to hit a target, humans spontaneously merged successive actions into a continuous approximately periodic pattern. The degree of rhythmicity and stability correlated with hitting accuracy. Enforcing irregular pauses between throws to disrupt the rhythm deteriorated performance. Stable rhythmic patterns may simplify control of movement and serve as dynamic primitives for more complex actions. This observation reveals that biological systems tend to exhibit rhythmic behavior consistent with a plethora of physiological processes.

Are mom-and-pop and professional hosts actually competing against hotels?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruggero Sainaghi ◽  
Rodolfo Baggio
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Information ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rhythmic Behavior ◽  
Direct Competition ◽  
Information Metric ◽  
Fierce Competition ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to examine the question of whether commercial, peer-to-peer accommodation platforms (Airbnb, in particular) and hotels are in fierce competition with each other with the possible presence of substitution threats, and compares the time series of the occupancy values across two supplier types. Design/methodology/approach The cities of Milan and Rome are used as case studies for this analysis. To assess the extent of synchronization, the series of Airbnb and hotels are transformed into a series of symbols that render their rhythmic behavior, and a mutual information metric is used to measure the effect. Findings The results show that Airbnb hosts and hotels have different seasonal patterns. The diverse occupancy trends support the absence of direct competition between Airbnb and hotels. The findings are consistent in the two analyzed cities (Milan and Rome). Interestingly, there are higher similarities between seasonal occupancy series of Airbnb listings in Milan and Rome, on one side, and hotels in Milan and Rome, on the other, than between Airbnb and hotels in the same city. Research limitations/implications The findings show a progressive de-synchronization (within mutual information) among the five groups of Airbnb hosts triggered by the rising professionalization degree. This result suggests the existence of a partial different business model for multi-listing hosts. Practical implications The study illustrates an absence of any substitution threat between Airbnb and hotels in both cities. This could have important consequences, especially for the pricing and revenue management policy. In fact, the higher the substitution threat, the higher the attention that Airbnb entrepreneurs should pay to the pricing strategy implemented by hotels, and vice versa. Originality/value This study sheds new light on the competition threat between Airbnb and hotels. In this study, hotels and Airbnb hosts appear as two very separate markets.

scholarly journals Rhythmic behavior in a two-population mean-field Ising model

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Collet ◽  
Marco Formentin ◽  
Daniele Tovazzi
Keyword(s):  
Ising Model ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Population Mean ◽  
Rhythmic Behavior

scholarly journals Optimization of Rhythmic Behaviors by Modulation of the Neuromuscular Transform

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 260-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Brezina ◽  
Irina V. Orekhova ◽  
Klaudiusz R. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Firing Pattern ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Neuron Firing ◽  
Functional Behavior ◽  
Rhythmic Behavior ◽  
Multiple Behaviors ◽  
Intrinsic Plasticity ◽  
Rhythmic Behaviors

We conclude our study of the properties and the functional role of the neuromuscular transform (NMT). The NMT is an input-output relation that formalizes the processes by which patterns of motor neuron firing are transformed to muscle contractions. Because the NMT acts as a dynamic, nonlinear, and modifiable filter, the transformation is complex. In the two preceding papers we developed a framework for analysis of the NMT and identified with it principles by which the NMT transforms different firing patterns to contractions. We then saw that, with fixed properties, the NMT significantly constrains the production of functional behavior. Many desirable behaviors are not possible with any firing pattern. Here we examine, theoretically as well as experimentally in the accessory radula closer (ARC) neuromuscular system of Aplysia, how this constraint is alleviated by making the properties of the NMT variable by neuromuscular plasticity and modulation. These processes dynamically tune the properties of the NMT to match the desired behavior, expanding the range of behaviors that can be produced. For specific illustration, we continue to focus on the relation between the speed of the NMT and the speed of cyclical, rhythmic behavior. Our analytic framework emphasizes the functional distinction between intrinsic plasticity or modulation of the NMT, dependent, like the contraction itself, on the motor neuron firing pattern, and extrinsic modulation, independent of it. The former is well suited to automatically optimizing the performance of a single behavior; the latter, to multiplying contraction shapes for multiple behaviors. In any case, to alleviate the constraint of the NMT, the plasticity and modulation must be peripheral. Such processes are likely to play a critical role wherever the nervous system must command, through the constraint of the NMT, a broad range of functional behaviors.

scholarly journals PKA Controls Calcium Influx into Motor Neurons during a Rhythmic Behavior

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e1003831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Wang ◽  
Derek Sieburth
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Rhythmic Behavior

scholarly journals A Calcium Wave Mediated by Gap Junctions Coordinates a Rhythmic Behavior in C. elegans

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 1601-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen A. Peters ◽  
Takayuki Teramoto ◽  
Jamie Q. White ◽  
Kouichi Iwasaki ◽  
Erik M. Jorgensen
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Calcium Wave ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Rhythmic Behavior

Rhythmic Behavior in Germination of Cocklebur Seeds

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHIGERU SATOH ◽  
YOHJI ESASHI
Keyword(s):  
Rhythmic Behavior
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