scholarly journals Coordination between Differentially Regulated Circadian Clocks Generates Rhythmic Behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. a033589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deniz Top ◽  
Michael W. Young
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clocks ◽  
Rhythmic Behavior

scholarly journals Integration of Circadian Clock Information in the Drosophila Circadian Neuronal Network

2021 ◽  
pp. 074873042199395
Author(s):  
Myra Ahmad ◽  
Wanhe Li ◽  
Deniz Top
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Network ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Circadian Clocks ◽  
Neuronal Circuit ◽  
The Core ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Rhythmic Behavior ◽  
Core Components ◽  
The Brain

Circadian clocks are biochemical time-keeping machines that synchronize animal behavior and physiology with planetary rhythms. In Drosophila, the core components of the clock comprise a transcription/translation feedback loop and are expressed in seven neuronal clusters in the brain. Although it is increasingly evident that the clocks in each of the neuronal clusters are regulated differently, how these clocks communicate with each other across the circadian neuronal network is less clear. Here, we review the latest evidence that describes the physical connectivity of the circadian neuronal network . Using small ventral lateral neurons as a starting point, we summarize how one clock may communicate with another, highlighting the signaling pathways that are both upstream and downstream of these clocks. We propose that additional efforts are required to understand how temporal information generated in each circadian neuron is integrated across a neuronal circuit to regulate rhythmic behavior.

scholarly journals Getting into rhythm: developmental emergence of circadian clocks and behaviors

FEBS Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy R. Poe ◽  
Kyla D. Mace ◽  
Matthew S. Kayser
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clocks ◽  
And Behaviors

On the Adaptive Significance of Circadian Clocks for Their Owners

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koustubh M. Vaze ◽  
Vijay Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Circadian Clocks

scholarly journals A circadian clock in a nonphotosynthetic prokaryote

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. eabe2086
Author(s):  
Zheng Eelderink-Chen ◽  
Jasper Bosman ◽  
Francesca Sartor ◽  
Antony N. Dodd ◽  
Ákos T. Kovács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Compensation ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Circadian Clocks ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Free Running ◽  
Free Running Period ◽  
Constant Dark

Circadian clocks create a 24-hour temporal structure, which allows organisms to occupy a niche formed by time rather than space. They are pervasive throughout nature, yet they remain unexpectedly unexplored and uncharacterized in nonphotosynthetic bacteria. Here, we identify in Bacillus subtilis circadian rhythms sharing the canonical properties of circadian clocks: free-running period, entrainment, and temperature compensation. We show that gene expression in B. subtilis can be synchronized in 24-hour light or temperature cycles and exhibit phase-specific characteristics of entrainment. Upon release to constant dark and temperature conditions, bacterial biofilm populations have temperature-compensated free-running oscillations with a period close to 24 hours. Our work opens the field of circadian clocks in the free-living, nonphotosynthetic prokaryotes, bringing considerable potential for impact upon biomedicine, ecology, and industrial processes.

scholarly journals The primacy of rhythm: how discrete actions merge into a stable rhythmic pattern

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 574-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoran Zhang ◽  
Dagmar Sternad
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Periodic Pattern ◽  
Voluntary Movements ◽  
Rhythmic Pattern ◽  
Rhythmic Movements ◽  
Discrete Movements ◽  
Floquet Multipliers ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Rhythmic Behavior ◽  
Virtual Target

This study examined how humans spontaneously merge a sequence of discrete actions into a rhythmic pattern, even when periodicity is not required. Two experiments used a virtual throwing task, in which subjects performed a long sequence of discrete throwing movements, aiming to hit a virtual target. In experiment 1, subjects performed the task for 11 sessions. Although there was no instruction to perform rhythmically, the variability of the interthrow intervals decreased to a level comparable to that of synchronizing with a metronome; furthermore, dwell times shortened or even disappeared with practice. Floquet multipliers and decreasing variability of the arm trajectories estimated in state space indicated an increasing degree of dynamic stability. Subjects who achieved a higher level of periodicity and stability also displayed higher accuracy in the throwing task. To directly test whether rhythmicity affected performance, experiment 2 disrupted the evolving continuity and periodicity by enforcing a pause between successive throws. This discrete group performed significantly worse and with higher variability in their arm trajectories than the self-paced group. These findings are discussed in the context of previous neuroimaging results showing that rhythmic movements involve significantly fewer cortical and subcortical activations than discrete movements and therefore may pose a computationally more parsimonious solution. Such emerging stable rhythms in neuromotor subsystems may serve as building blocks or dynamic primitives for complex actions. The tendency for humans to spontaneously fall into a rhythm in voluntary movements is consistent with the ubiquity of rhythms at all levels of the physiological system. NEW & NOTEWORTHY When performing a series of throws to hit a target, humans spontaneously merged successive actions into a continuous approximately periodic pattern. The degree of rhythmicity and stability correlated with hitting accuracy. Enforcing irregular pauses between throws to disrupt the rhythm deteriorated performance. Stable rhythmic patterns may simplify control of movement and serve as dynamic primitives for more complex actions. This observation reveals that biological systems tend to exhibit rhythmic behavior consistent with a plethora of physiological processes.

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