Relationship between Rhythmic Behavior and Canonical Babbling in Infant Vocal Development

Phonetica ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Ejiri
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Development ◽  
Rhythmic Behavior ◽  
Canonical Babbling

Role of Infant Vocal Development in Candidacy for and Efficacy of Cochlear Implantation

2002 ◽  
Vol 111 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Allison Moore ◽  
Sandie Bass-Ringdahl
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Vocal Development ◽  
Profound Hearing Loss ◽  
Auditory Experience ◽  
Canonical Babbling

Previous research has documented the importance of audition in the development of typical infant vocalization. Of particular interest is the development of canonical babbling, which is related to mastery of the timing elements of speech. Children with severe to profound hearing loss who use hearing aids have demonstrated both delayed and deviant canonical babbling. The vocal development of 12 children has been followed as they have been considered for cochlear implantation. Nine of these children have undergone implantation, and 5 of these children have been followed for more than 1 year after implantation. On average, canonical babbling emerged at 6.5 months after implantation. The time frame in which some children developed words was accelerated in terms of length of auditory experience as compared with normal-hearing peers. Mature oral-motor development is likely the primary contributing factor in this time course. One child who received a cochlear implant began to babble with hearing aids. It is not known whether normal canonical babbling is sufficient evidence on which to base candidacy decisions; however, our data suggest that children who produce canonical babbling maintain and build upon those skills after implantation.

scholarly journals Early Vocal Development in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanjala T Gipson ◽  
Gordon Ramsay ◽  
Ellen E Ellison ◽  
Edina R Bene ◽  
Helen L Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tuberous Sclerosis ◽  
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcome ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Vocal Development ◽  
Action Analysis ◽  
And Training ◽  
Canonical Babbling

Objective: To determine whether entry into the canonical stage, canonical babbling ratios (CBR) and the level of volubility (vocal measures) are delayed in infants with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC), we completed human coding of their vocalizations at 12 months and compared the results to typically developing infants with no clinical features (TD/NCF). Methods: We randomly selected videos from 40 infants with TSC from the TACERN database. All 78 videos were coded in real-time in AACT (Action Analysis, Coding and Training). Results: Entry into the canonical stage was delayed in the great majority of the infants with TSC. The CBR for the TD/NCF infants was significantly higher than for the infants with TSC (TD/NCF mean = .346, SE = .19; TSC mean = .117, SE = .023). Volubility level in infants with TSC was less than half that of TD/NCF infants (TD/NCF mean = 9.82, SE = 5.78; TSC mean = 3.99, SE = 2.16). CBR and volubility were also lower in TSC infants than in TD/NCF infants recorded all-day at home. Conclusions: Entry into the canonical stage was delayed, while canonical babbling ratios and volubility were low in infants with TSC. Assessing prediction of neurodevelopmental outcome using these vocal measures in combination with non-vocal measures will be the focus of planned studies in this high-risk population.

The Phonetics of Babbling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Rvachew ◽  
Abdulsalam Alhaidary
Keyword(s):  
Normal Hearing ◽  
First Year ◽  
Vocal Development ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Input Language ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Vowel Space ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Canonical Babbling

Babbling is made up of meaningless speechlike syllables called canonical syllables. Canonical syllables are characterized by the coordination of consonantal and vocalic elements in syllables that have speechlike timing, phonation, and resonance characteristics. Infants begin to babble on average at approximately seven months of age. Babbling continues in parallel with less mature noncanonical vocalizations that make up the majority of utterances through the first year. Babbling also continues in parallel with the emergence of meaningful speech during the second year. Regardless of the language that the infant is learning, most canonical syllables have a CV shape with the consonant being a labial or alveolar stop or nasal and the vowel most likely to be central or low- to mid-front in place (e.g., [bʌ], [da], [mæ]). Approximately 15% of canonical utterances consist of multisyllable strings; in other words, most babbled utterances contain only a single CV syllable. The onset of the canonical babbling stage is crucially dependent upon normal hearing, permitting access to language input and feedback of self-produced speech. Many studies have reported differences in the phonetic and acoustic characteristics of babble produced by infants learning different languages. These differences include the frequency with which certain consonants are produced, the location, size, and shape of the vowel space, and the rhythmic and intonation qualities of multisyllable babbles, in each case reflecting specificities of the input language. However, replications of these findings are rare and further research is required to better understand the learning mechanisms that underlie language specific acquisition of articulatory representations during the prelinguistic stage of vocal development.

The Impact of Cleft Type on Early Vocal Development in Babies with Cleft Palate

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 453-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Hardin-Jones ◽  
Kathy L. Chapman ◽  
Julie Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Stop Consonants ◽  
Vocal Development ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Canonical Babbling

Objective The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the impact of cleft type on early sound development in children with cleft palate (with or without cleft lip). Participants The participants included 53 babies with unrepaired cleft palate aged 8 to 10 months. Thirty-five babies had cleft lip and palate (CLP) and 18 had cleft palate only (CPO). Main Outcome Measures Spontaneous vocalizations of the CLP and CPO groups were compared to determine whether differences were evident in canonical babbling, size of consonant inventory as well as place and manner of consonant production, and frequency of vocalization. Results Student's t tests revealed no significant differences between the groups in canonical babbling, size of consonant inventory, place and manner of consonant production, or frequency of vocalization. However, there was a trend for babies in the CPO group to produce fewer compensatory stop consonants and more anterior place features. In addition, a larger percentage of children in the CPO group had entered the canonical babbling stage at the time of this study. Conclusions In general, the findings of this study suggested that cleft type does not appear to play a significant role in early consonant development for babies with cleft palate. Additional study using a larger CPO group is recommended to further investigate the trend toward better performance noted in this group.

scholarly journals Syringeal vocal folds do not have a voice in zebra finch vocal development

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Maxwell ◽  
Iris Adam ◽  
Pernille S. Larsen ◽  
Peter G. Sørensen ◽  
Coen P. H. Elemans
Keyword(s):  
Zebra Finch ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vocal Development ◽  
Postnatal Maturation ◽  
Song System ◽  
Property Changes

AbstractVocal behavior can be dramatically changed by both neural circuit development and postnatal maturation of the body. During song learning in songbirds, both the song system and syringeal muscles are functionally changing, but it is unknown if maturation of sound generators within the syrinx contributes to vocal development. Here we densely sample the respiratory pressure control space of the zebra finch syrinx in vitro. We show that the syrinx produces sound very efficiently and that key acoustic parameters, minimal fundamental frequency, entropy and source level, do not change over development in both sexes. Thus, our data suggest that the observed acoustic changes in vocal development must be attributed to changes in the motor control pathway, from song system circuitry to muscle force, and not by material property changes in the avian analog of the vocal folds. We propose that in songbirds, muscle use and training driven by the sexually dimorphic song system are the crucial drivers that lead to sexual dimorphism of the syringeal skeleton and musculature. The size and properties of the instrument are thus not changing, while its player is.

scholarly journals Traffic noise disrupts vocal development and suppresses immune function

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. eabe2405
Author(s):  
Henrik Brumm ◽  
Wolfgang Goymann ◽  
Sébastien Derégnaucourt ◽  
Nicole Geberzahn ◽  
Sue Anne Zollinger
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Vocal Learning ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Vocal Development ◽  
Learning Impairments ◽  
Cognitive Deficiencies

Noise pollution has been linked to learning and language deficits in children, but the causal mechanisms connecting noise to cognitive deficiencies remain unclear because experimental models are lacking. Here, we investigated the effects of noise on birdsong learning, the primary animal model for vocal learning and speech development in humans. We found that traffic noise exposure retarded vocal development and led to learning inaccuracies. In addition, noise suppressed immune function during the sensitive learning period, indicating that it is a potent stressor for birds, which is likely to compromise their cognitive functions. Our results provide important insights into the consequences of noise pollution and pave the way for future studies using birdsong as an experimental model for the investigation of noise-induced learning impairments.

scholarly journals Expression of FoxP2 in the basal ganglia regulates vocal motor sequences in the adult songbird

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Xiao ◽  
Devin P. Merullo ◽  
Therese M. I. Koch ◽  
Mou Cao ◽  
Marissa Co ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Dopamine Receptor ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Vocal Development ◽  
Motor Actions

AbstractDisruption of the transcription factor FoxP2, which is enriched in the basal ganglia, impairs vocal development in humans and songbirds. The basal ganglia are important for the selection and sequencing of motor actions, but the circuit mechanisms governing accurate sequencing of learned vocalizations are unknown. Here, we show that expression of FoxP2 in the basal ganglia is vital for the fluent initiation and termination of birdsong, as well as the maintenance of song syllable sequencing in adulthood. Knockdown of FoxP2 imbalances dopamine receptor expression across striatal direct-like and indirect-like pathways, suggesting a role of dopaminergic signaling in regulating vocal motor sequencing. Confirming this prediction, we show that phasic dopamine activation, and not inhibition, during singing drives repetition of song syllables, thus also impairing fluent initiation and termination of birdsong. These findings demonstrate discrete circuit origins for the dysfluent repetition of vocal elements in songbirds, with implications for speech disorders.

scholarly journals The primacy of rhythm: how discrete actions merge into a stable rhythmic pattern

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 574-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoran Zhang ◽  
Dagmar Sternad
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Periodic Pattern ◽  
Voluntary Movements ◽  
Rhythmic Pattern ◽  
Rhythmic Movements ◽  
Discrete Movements ◽  
Floquet Multipliers ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Rhythmic Behavior ◽  
Virtual Target

This study examined how humans spontaneously merge a sequence of discrete actions into a rhythmic pattern, even when periodicity is not required. Two experiments used a virtual throwing task, in which subjects performed a long sequence of discrete throwing movements, aiming to hit a virtual target. In experiment 1, subjects performed the task for 11 sessions. Although there was no instruction to perform rhythmically, the variability of the interthrow intervals decreased to a level comparable to that of synchronizing with a metronome; furthermore, dwell times shortened or even disappeared with practice. Floquet multipliers and decreasing variability of the arm trajectories estimated in state space indicated an increasing degree of dynamic stability. Subjects who achieved a higher level of periodicity and stability also displayed higher accuracy in the throwing task. To directly test whether rhythmicity affected performance, experiment 2 disrupted the evolving continuity and periodicity by enforcing a pause between successive throws. This discrete group performed significantly worse and with higher variability in their arm trajectories than the self-paced group. These findings are discussed in the context of previous neuroimaging results showing that rhythmic movements involve significantly fewer cortical and subcortical activations than discrete movements and therefore may pose a computationally more parsimonious solution. Such emerging stable rhythms in neuromotor subsystems may serve as building blocks or dynamic primitives for complex actions. The tendency for humans to spontaneously fall into a rhythm in voluntary movements is consistent with the ubiquity of rhythms at all levels of the physiological system. NEW & NOTEWORTHY When performing a series of throws to hit a target, humans spontaneously merged successive actions into a continuous approximately periodic pattern. The degree of rhythmicity and stability correlated with hitting accuracy. Enforcing irregular pauses between throws to disrupt the rhythm deteriorated performance. Stable rhythmic patterns may simplify control of movement and serve as dynamic primitives for more complex actions. This observation reveals that biological systems tend to exhibit rhythmic behavior consistent with a plethora of physiological processes.

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