scholarly journals Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Human Reproduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weidong Zhou ◽  
Teng Zhang ◽  
Yikai Lian ◽  
Wenjing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Oviduct Fluid ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are newly identified as cell-to-cell communication mediators that carry and transfer various regulatory molecules. Recent studies have shown that EVs play important roles in normal physiology and pathological conditions of human reproduction. In the female reproductive system, EVs in follicular fluid, oviduct fluid, and uterine luminal fluid are considered as vehicles to regulate follicular development, oocyte maturation and mediate embryo–maternal crosstalk to affect embryo implantation and pregnancy. In the male reproductive system, prostasomes and epididymosomes are involved in regulating sperm maturation, motility, capacitation, acrosome reaction, and fertilization. EVs transmitted cargos also play important roles in reproduction-related pathologies, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis, pregnancy complications, male infertility, and gynecological malignant tumors. In view of the important roles in the reproductive system, EVs may be used as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for reproductive abnormalities and related diseases. In this chapter, we sorted EVs in human reproduction through their physical/pathological functions and mechanisms, and listed several EVs as biomarkers and clinical therapeutic applications in the future.

ROLE OF ULTRASOUND IN THE DETECTION OF RECURRENT OVARIAN CANCER

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
M. Alisherova ◽  
◽  
M. Ismailova
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Recurrent Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Female Reproductive System

Currently, there are no standard approaches to monitoring patients with ovarian cancer (OC). While the role of ultrasound (US) has been identified in the primary diagnosis of OS, it is still controversial during the subsequent surgical treatment of OC. In world statistics, ovarian cancer is consistently among the four main localizations of malignant tumors of the female reproductive system, along with tumors of the breast, body and cervix.

scholarly journals Cell–Cell Communication at the Embryo Implantation Site of Mouse Uterus Revealed by Single-Cell Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5177
Author(s):  
Yi Yang ◽  
Jia-Peng He ◽  
Ji-Long Liu
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Mouse Uterus ◽  
Implantation Sites ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Signaling Interactions

As a crucial step for human reproduction, embryo implantation is a low-efficiency process. Despite rapid advances in recent years, the molecular mechanism underlying embryo implantation remains poorly understood. Here, we used the mouse as an animal model and generated a single-cell transcriptomic atlas of embryo implantation sites. By analyzing inter-implantation sites of the uterus as control, we were able to identify global gene expression changes associated with embryo implantation in each cell type. Additionally, we predicted signaling interactions between uterine luminal epithelial cells and mural trophectoderm of blastocysts, which represent the key mechanism of embryo implantation. We also predicted signaling interactions between uterine epithelial-stromal crosstalk at implantation sites, which are crucial for post-implantation development. Our data provide a valuable resource for deciphering the molecular mechanism underlying embryo implantation.

scholarly journals Bitter Taste Receptors Expression in Human Granulosa and Cumulus Cells: New Perspectives in Female Fertility

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3127
Author(s):  
Bianca Semplici ◽  
Francesca Paola Luongo ◽  
Sofia Passaponti ◽  
Claudia Landi ◽  
Laura Governini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Taste Receptors ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Bitter Taste Receptors

Bitter taste receptors (TAS2RS) expression is not restricted to the oral cavity and the presence of these receptors in the male reproductive system and sperm provides insights into their possible role in human reproduction. To elucidate the potential role of TAS2Rs in the female reproductive system, we investigated the expression and localization of bitter taste receptors and the components of signal transduction cascade involved in the pathway of taste receptors in somatic follicular cells obtained from women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques. We found that TAS2R genes are expressed in both cumulus (CCs) and granulosa (GCs) cells, with TAS2R14 being the most highly expressed bitter receptor subtype. Interestingly, a slight increase in the expression of TAS2R14 and TAS2R43 was shown in both GCs and CCs in young women (p < 0.05), while a negative correlation may be established between the number of oocytes collected at the pickup and the expression of TAS2R43. Regarding α-gustducin and α-transducin, two Gα subunits expressed in the taste buds on the tongue, we provide evidence for their expression in CCs and GCs, with α-gustducin showing two additional isoforms in GCs. Finally, we shed light on the possible downstream transduction pathway initiated by taste receptor activation in the female reproductive system. Our study, showing for the first time the expression of taste receptors in the somatic ovarian follicle cells, significantly extends the current knowledge of the biological role of TAS2Rs for human female fertility.

Physiological impact of extracellular vesicles on female reproductive system; highlights to possible restorative effects on female age‐related fertility

BioFactors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halimeh Mobarak ◽  
Mohammad Heidarpour ◽  
Francesca Lolicato ◽  
Mohammad Nouri ◽  
Reza Rahbarghazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Physiological Impact

scholarly journals Malignant Tumors of the Female Reproductive System

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabete Weiderpass ◽  
France Labrèche
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Female Reproductive System

scholarly journals The role of immunotherapy in the management of metastatic/recurrent female reproductive system neoplasms

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-86
Author(s):  
A. A. Rumyantsev ◽  
A. Yu. Anokhin
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Current Evidence Base

In 2019 malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive system (ovarian cancer, (OC), endometrial carcinoma (EC) and cervical cancer (CC) were diagnosed in 58 860 patients – 17.6% of all malignant tumors in women in Russia. The morbidity and mortality rates from these neoplasms remain high over the past 10 years. This article provides a detailed review of the current evidence base for  the  use of  various immunotherapeutic agents in  mentioned malignant neoplasms. It has been demonstrated that in  relapsed OC (ROC), the  only proved indication for  immunotherapy is tumors with microsatellite instability (MSI), whereas PD-L1 does not have an independent role in this disease. MSI occurs in approximately 8% of patients with metastatic OC. A significantly higher frequency MSI — up to 25% is detected in metastatic EC. MSI-positive subtype of the disease is characterized by an extremely high sensitivity to immunotherapy - the  rate of  objective response with pembrolizumab exceeds 50%. For  MS-stable  EC, the  combination of  pembrolizumab and lenvatinib is an effective therapeutic option. In  advanced CC, on the other hand, PD-L1 has a predictive role for immunotherapy efficacy — the KEYNOTE-158 study showed that about 15% of  patients with extensively pretreated metastatic PD-L1-positive CC can achieve long-term remission with pembrolizumab compared to 0% in PD-L1 negative tumors. Current evidence shows that PD-L1 expression can be observed in ≥ 30% of patients.

scholarly journals Potential influences of COVID-19/ACE2 on female reproductive system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Yan ◽  
Run-Qian Li ◽  
Hao-Ran Wang ◽  
Hao-Ran Chen ◽  
Ya-Bin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
World Health ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
System P ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Transmission Pathways

COVID-19 is an emerging acute communicable disease identified in patients with pneumonia in December 2019, which is declared as a pandemic in 11th March 2020 by World Health Organization. COVID-19 entries into target host cells by binding to ACE2(Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) and modulates the expression of ACE2 in host cells. ACE2 is widely expressed in human tissues and considered as a pivotal component of RAS(renin-angiotensin system), exerts its physiological functions by modulating the levels of Ang II and Ang-(1-7). In this review, we focus on the distribution and functions of ACE2, thereby forecasting the possible infective targets and potential transmission pathways as well as the influence on female reproductive system. AUTHOR'S NOTE: This article has been accepted for publication in Molecular Human Reproduction Published by Oxford University Press. The Version of Record can be freely accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1093/molehr/gaaa030.The link of MHR is the carefully revised and better version for quote.

scholarly journals PRIMARY-MULTIPLE MALIGNANT TUMORS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM (REVIEW)

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
S. Kamyshov ◽  
K. Izrailbekova
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Specific Tumor ◽  
Examination Methods ◽  
System Review

In the last decade, in the field of oncology, there has been an increasing interest in the study of issues related to the problem of primary multiple malignant tumors (PMMT). Many researchers agree that polyneoplasias are most often found in women, which is associated with an increase in the incidence of hormone-dependent tumors of the reproductive system, which is functionally represented by the mammary glands, uterus and ovaries. The development of comprehensive examination methods, including molecular genetic studies, contributes to the identification of synchronous PMMT of the female reproductive system. In our studies, metachronous tumors prevailed among PMMTs in breast cancer (65.7%). The most common metachronous cancer of the uterine body (37.1% of cases). Determination of the level of specific tumor markers allows you to monitor in advance the development of PMMT in this category of patients. Thus, each of the tumors of the female reproductive system should be considered as an indicator of the risk of the others, which should lead to a state of rapid response to the entire well-functioning system of dispensary registration, observation and use of a full range of special methods of clarifying diagnostics.

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