Physiological impact of extracellular vesicles on female reproductive system; highlights to possible restorative effects on female age‐related fertility

BioFactors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halimeh Mobarak ◽  
Mohammad Heidarpour ◽  
Francesca Lolicato ◽  
Mohammad Nouri ◽  
Reza Rahbarghazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Physiological Impact

scholarly journals Comprehensive methods of diagnosis and prevention of postpartum complications in cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Cawla Abubakari
Keyword(s):  
Medical History ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Experimental Group

The experiments were conducted during 2018 - 2020 on cows of black-spotted breed in the conditions of LLC "Ryasnyanske" of Krasnopil district of Sumy region. Cows were aged 4 - 8 years with an average annual milk yield of 2.5 - 3.1 thousand kg of milk per lactation. Assessment of the postpartum period was performed according to the changes that occurred in the female reproductive system. This took into account not only the general condition of the animals, the nature of the exudate, the size and topography of the uterus, but also the condition of the ovaries, cervix and vagina in rectal and vaginal examinations. Diagnosis of various forms of endometritis was performed based on medical history, clinical and gynecological studies. For the treatment of cows of the experimental group with postpartum endometritis, they were injected subcutaneously with 10 ml of the drug "Metrisan" in a mixture with 0.5% solution of novocaine at a rate of 1: 1. The interval between injections was 7-10 days. The frequency depended on the form of endometritis and was 3-5 injections. For the treatment of cows of the control group with postpartum endometritis they used a 10% solution of ichthyol intrauterinely Injection of 7% solution of ichthyol into pararectal tissue In 2018, 2 cows (1.6%) dropped out for this reason, in 2019 - 4 heads (3.1%), in 2020 -4 cows (2.8%). Due to age-related infertility, 1 cow was culled in 2018 (0.8%), 2 cows were culled in 2019 (1.3%), and 2 heads were culled in 2020 (1.4%). Due to injuries in 2018, 1 cow was discarded (0.8%), in 2019 1 cow was culled (0.8%), in 2020 1 cow was culled (0.7%). In 2018, the most common pathology of the postpartum period was vulvo vaginitis 8%, endometritis - 6.5%, artificially acquired infertility - 0.8%. In 2019, 9.8% of cows had endometritis; vaginitis, vulvitis, cervicitis - 8.3%, artificially acquired infertility was 0.8%. In 2020, endometritis was 17%, vaginitis, vulvitis, cervicitis - 9.2%, artificially acquired infertility was 0.8. According to the results of the research, the therapeutic efficacy was higher in the experimental group, where the therapy of cows with acute purulent-catarrhal endometritis using the drug sepranol and amoxicillin-150 was used. The total number of days of infertility in the control group was 125 days, in the experimental - 60 days. In terms of 1 head it is: in the control group - 25 days, in the experimental -12 days. The duration of the period from birth to fertilization in the control group is 55 days, in the experimental group - 42 days.

scholarly journals Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Human Reproduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weidong Zhou ◽  
Teng Zhang ◽  
Yikai Lian ◽  
Wenjing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Oviduct Fluid ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are newly identified as cell-to-cell communication mediators that carry and transfer various regulatory molecules. Recent studies have shown that EVs play important roles in normal physiology and pathological conditions of human reproduction. In the female reproductive system, EVs in follicular fluid, oviduct fluid, and uterine luminal fluid are considered as vehicles to regulate follicular development, oocyte maturation and mediate embryo–maternal crosstalk to affect embryo implantation and pregnancy. In the male reproductive system, prostasomes and epididymosomes are involved in regulating sperm maturation, motility, capacitation, acrosome reaction, and fertilization. EVs transmitted cargos also play important roles in reproduction-related pathologies, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis, pregnancy complications, male infertility, and gynecological malignant tumors. In view of the important roles in the reproductive system, EVs may be used as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for reproductive abnormalities and related diseases. In this chapter, we sorted EVs in human reproduction through their physical/pathological functions and mechanisms, and listed several EVs as biomarkers and clinical therapeutic applications in the future.

FEMALE ENDOCRINE CONTROL MECHANISMS DURING THE NEONATAL PERIOD

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-D. Schulz ◽  
H. Haarmann ◽  
A. Harland
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
Hypothalamic Region ◽  
Rna And Protein Synthesis ◽  
Physiological Dose

ABSTRACT The present investigation deals with the oestrogen-sensitivity of the female reproductive system during the neonatal period. Newborn female guinea pigs were used as test animals. At different times after a single subcutaneous injection of a physiological dose of 0.1 μg or an unphysiologically high dose of 10 μg 17β-oestradiol/100 g body weight, the RNA- and protein-synthesis was examined in the hypothalamic region, pituitary, cerebral cortex, liver, adrenal gland, ovary and uterus. With a physiological dose an increase in organ weight, protein content, RNA-and protein-synthesis was found only in the uterus. These alterations turned out to be dose-dependent. In addition to the findings in the uterus an inhibition of the aminoacid incorporation rate occurred in the liver following the injection of the high oestradiol dose. As early as 1 hour after the administration of 0.1 μg 17β-oestradiol an almost 100% increase in uterine protein synthesis was detectable. This result demonstrates a high oestrogen-sensitivity of this organ during the neonatal period. All the other organs of the female reproductive system such as the hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary did not show any oestrogen response. Therefore the functional immaturity of the uterus during post partem life is not the result of a deficient hormone sensitivity but is correlated with the absence of a sufficient hormonal stimulus at this time. The investigation on the effects of actinomycin resulted in different reactions in the uterus and liver. In contrast to the liver a paradoxical actinomycin effect was found in the uterus after treatment with actinomycin alone. This effect is characterized by a small inhibition of RNA-synthesis and a 50% increase in protein synthesis. The treatment of the newborn test animals with actinomycin and 17β-oestradiol together abolished the oestrogen-induced stimulation of the uterine RNA-and protein-synthesis. Consequently, the effect of oestrogens during the neonatal period is also connected with the formation of new proteins via an increased DNA-directed RNA-synthesis.

Effect of Cryopreserved Placental Explants on Female Reproductive System Under Normal and Pathological Conditions (Experimental study)

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Yu. Prokopyuk ◽  
◽  
Olga V. Grischenko ◽  
Oleksandra V. Prokopyuk ◽  
Nadiia O. Shevchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Pathological Conditions

ROLE OF ULTRASOUND IN THE DETECTION OF RECURRENT OVARIAN CANCER

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
M. Alisherova ◽  
◽  
M. Ismailova
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Recurrent Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Female Reproductive System

Currently, there are no standard approaches to monitoring patients with ovarian cancer (OC). While the role of ultrasound (US) has been identified in the primary diagnosis of OS, it is still controversial during the subsequent surgical treatment of OC. In world statistics, ovarian cancer is consistently among the four main localizations of malignant tumors of the female reproductive system, along with tumors of the breast, body and cervix.

scholarly journals Species Comparison of the Role of p38 MAP Kinase in the Female Reproductive System

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaher A. Radi ◽  
Rosemary A. Marusak ◽  
Dale L. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Map Kinase ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
P38 Map Kinase ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Species Comparison

scholarly journals Generation of a Novel Mesothelin-Targeted Oncolytic Herpes Virus and Implemented Strategies for Manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Guendalina Froechlich ◽  
Chiara Gentile ◽  
Luigia Infante ◽  
Carmen Caiazza ◽  
Pasqualina Pagano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Tumor Cell Line ◽  
Breast Tumors ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Viral Glycoprotein ◽  
Preclinical Development ◽  
Biological Drugs

Background: HER2-based retargeted viruses are in advanced phases of preclinical development of breast cancer models. Mesothelin (MSLN) is a cell-surface tumor antigen expressed in different subtypes of breast and non-breast cancer. Its recent identification as a marker of some triple-negative breast tumors renders it an attractive target, presently investigated in clinical trials employing antibody drug conjugates and CAR-T cells. The availability of MSLN-retargeted oncolytic viruses may complement the current immunotherapeutic panel of biological drugs against HER2-negative breast and non-breast tumors. Methods: A fully virulent, tumor-targeted oncolytic Herpes simplex virus-1 (MSLN-THV) with a selectivity for mesothelin-expressing cancer cells was generated. Recombineering technology was used to replace an essential moiety of the viral glycoprotein D with antibody fragments derived from clinically validated MSLN monoclonal antibodies, and to allow IL12 cargo expression in infected cells. Panels of breast and female reproductive system cell lines were used to verify the oncolytic potential of the viral constructs. A platform for production of the retargeted viruses was developed in HEK 293 cells, providing stable expression of a suitable chimeric receptor. Results: We demonstrated the selectivity of viral infection and cytotoxicity by MSLN-retargeted viruses in a panel of mesothelin-positive cancer cells, originating from breast and female reproductive system tumors. We also developed a second-generation oncolytic MSLN-THV, encoding IL12, to enhance the immunotherapeutic potential of the viral backbone. A non-tumor cell line expressing a chimeric MSLN/Nectin-1 receptor, de-sensitized from antiviral responses by genetic inactivation of the Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING)-dependent pathway was engineered, to optimize viral yields. Conclusions: Our proof-of-concept study proposes MSLN-retargeted herpesviruses as potential cancer immunotherapeutics for assessments in preclinical models of MSLN-positive tumors, complementing the available panel of oncolytic viruses to HER2-negative breast tumors.

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