scholarly journals Stem Cell Based Therapy for Muscular Dystrophies: Cell Types and Environmental Factors Influencing Their Efficacy

10.5772/30831 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Morgan ◽  
Hala Alameddine
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Muscular Dystrophies ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Factors Influencing

scholarly journals Recent Overview of the Use of iPSCs Huntington’s Disease Modeling and Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Csobonyeiova ◽  
Stefan Polak ◽  
Lubos Danisovic
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cag Repeats ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Behavioral Impairment ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an inherited, autosomal dominant, degenerative disease characterized by involuntary movements, cognitive decline, and behavioral impairment ending in death. HD is caused by an expansion in the number of CAG repeats in the huntingtin gene on chromosome 4. To date, no effective therapy for preventing the onset or progression of the disease has been found, and many symptoms do not respond to pharmacologic treatment. However, recent results of pre-clinical trials suggest a beneficial effect of stem-cell-based therapy. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent an unlimited cell source and are the most suitable among the various types of autologous stem cells due to their patient specificity and ability to differentiate into a variety of cell types both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the cultivation of iPSC-derived neural cells offers the possibility of studying the etiopathology of neurodegenerative diseases, such as HD. Moreover, differentiated neural cells can organize into three-dimensional (3D) organoids, mimicking the complex architecture of the brain. In this article, we present a comprehensive review of recent HD models, the methods for differentiating HD–iPSCs into the desired neural cell types, and the progress in gene editing techniques leading toward stem-cell-based therapy.

scholarly journals Circular RNAs in Stem Cells: from Basic Research to Clinical Implications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Juan Lu ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Guodong Yang ◽  
Cun-Jian Yi ◽  
Daping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a special class of endogenous RNAs with a wide variety of pathophysiological functions via diverse mechanisms, including transcription, miRNA sponge, protein sponge/decoy, and translation. Stem cells are pluripotent cells with unique properties of self-renewal and differentiation. Dysregulated circRNAs identified in various stem cell types can affect stem cell self-renewal and differentiation potential by manipulating stemness. However, the emerging roles of circRNAs in stem cells remain largely unknown. This review summarizes the major functions and mechanisms of action of circRNAs in stem cell biology and disease progression. We also highlight circRNAs-mediated common pathways in diverse stem cell types and discuss their diagnostic significance with respect to stem cell-based therapy.

scholarly journals Application of Nanotechnology in Stem-Cell-Based Therapy of Neurodegenerative Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Masoudi Asil ◽  
Jyoti Ahlawat ◽  
Gileydis Guillama Barroso ◽  
Mahesh Narayan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Clinical Scales ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

In addition to adverse health outcomes, neurological disorders have serious societal and economic impacts on patients, their family and society as a whole. There is no definite treatment for these disorders, and current available drugs only slow down the progression of the disease. In recent years, application of stem cells has been widely advanced due to their potential of self-renewal and differentiation to different cell types which make them suitable candidates for cell therapy. In particular, this approach offers great opportunities for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. However, some major issues related to stem-cell therapy, including their tumorigenicity, viability, safety, metastases, uncontrolled differentiation and possible immune response have limited their application in clinical scales. To address these challenges, a combination of stem-cell therapy with nanotechnology can be a solution. Nanotechnology has the potential of improvement of stem-cell therapy by providing ideal substrates for large scale proliferation of stem cells. Application of nanomaterial in stem-cell culture will be also beneficial to modulation of stem-cell differentiation using nanomedicines. Nanodelivery of functional compounds can enhance the efficiency of neuron therapy by stem cells and development of nanobased techniques for real-time, accurate and long-lasting imaging of stem-cell cycle processes. However, these novel techniques need to be investigated to optimize their efficiency in treatment of neurologic diseases.

Exploring the role of stem cell therapy in treating neurodegenerative diseases: Challenges and current perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Puranik ◽  
Ananta Prasad Arukha ◽  
Shiv Kumar Yadav ◽  
Dhananjay Yadav ◽  
Jun O Jin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Cord Injury

: Several human neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Huntington’s disease, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and brain stroke, are caused by the injury to neurons or glial cells. The recent years have witnessed the successful generation of neurons and glia cells driving efforts to develop stem-cell-based therapies for patients to combat a broad spectrum of human neurological diseases. The inadequacy of suitable cell types for cell replacement therapy in patients suffering from neurological disorders have hampered the development of this promising therapeutic approach. Attempts are thus being made to reconstruct viable neurons and glial cells from different stem cells such as the embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and neural stem cells. Dedicated research to cultivate stem cell-based brain transplantation therapies have been carried out. We aim at compiling the breakthroughs in the field of stem cell-based therapy for the treatment of neurodegenerative maladies, emphasizing on the shortcomings faced, victories achieved, and the future prospects of the therapy in clinical settings.

Stem Cell Based Therapy in the Inner Ear: Appropriate Donor Cell Types and Routes for Transplantation

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 888-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nopporn Jongkamonwiwat ◽  
Azel Zine ◽  
Marcelo N. Rivolta
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Donor Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

scholarly journals A Promising Future for Stem-Cell-Based Therapies in Muscular Dystrophies—In Vitro and In Vivo Treatments to Boost Cellular Engraftment

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Gois Beghini ◽  
Samuel Iwao Horita ◽  
Liana Monteiro da Fonseca Cardoso ◽  
Luiz Anastacio Alves ◽  
Kanneboyina Nagaraju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Muscular Dystrophies

Muscular dystrophies (MD) are a group of genetic diseases that lead to skeletal muscle wasting and may affect many organs (multisystem). Unfortunately, no curative therapies are available at present for MD patients, and current treatments mainly address the symptoms. Thus, stem-cell-based therapies may present hope for improvement of life quality and expectancy. Different stem cell types lead to skeletal muscle regeneration and they have potential to be used for cellular therapies, although with several limitations. In this review, we propose a combination of genetic, biochemical, and cell culture treatments to correct pathogenic genetic alterations and to increase proliferation, dispersion, fusion, and differentiation into new or hybrid myotubes. These boosted stem cells can also be injected into pretreate recipient muscles to improve engraftment. We believe that this combination of treatments targeting the limitations of stem-cell-based therapies may result in safer and more efficient therapies for MD patients. Matricryptins have also discussed.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in Stem Cell Modification for Cardiac Regeneration

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Lemcke ◽  
Natalia Voronina ◽  
Gustav Steinhoff ◽  
Robert David
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cardiac Regeneration ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Delivery ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Stem Cell Delivery ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

During the past decades, stem cell-based therapy has acquired a promising role in regenerative medicine. The application of novel cell therapeutics for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases could potentially achieve the ambitious aim of effective cardiac regeneration. Despite the highly positive results from preclinical studies, data from phase I/II clinical trials are inconsistent and the improvement of cardiac remodeling and heart performance was found to be quite limited. The major issues which cardiac stem cell therapy is facing include inefficient cell delivery to the site of injury, accompanied by low cell retention and weak effectiveness of remaining stem cells in tissue regeneration. According to preclinical and clinical studies, various stem cells (adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells) represent the most promising cell types so far. Beside the selection of the appropriate cell type, researchers have developed several strategies to produce “second-generation” stem cell products with improved regenerative capacity. Genetic and nongenetic modifications, chemical and physical preconditioning, and the application of biomaterials were found to significantly enhance the regenerative capacity of transplanted stem cells. In this review, we will give an overview of the recent developments in stem cell engineering with the goal to facilitate stem cell delivery and to promote their cardiac regenerative activity.

scholarly journals The Clinical Status of Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianyun Wang ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Yaqi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Ischemic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Skeletal Myoblasts ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pros And Cons

Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) is becoming a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the whole world. Stem cell-based therapy is emerging as a promising option for treatment of ICM. Several stem cell types including cardiac-derived stem cells (CSCs), bone marrow-derived stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), skeletal myoblasts (SMs), and CD34+and CD 133+stem cells have been applied in clinical researches. The clinical effect produced by stem cell administration in ICM mainly depends on the transdifferentiation and paracrine effect. One important issue is that low survival and residential rate of transferred stem cells in the infracted myocardium blocks the effective advances in cardiac improvement. Many other factors associated with the efficacy of cell replacement therapy for ICM mainly including the route of delivery, the type and number of stem cell infusion, the timing of injection, patient’s physical condition, the particular microenvironment onto which the cells are delivered, and clinical condition remain to be addressed. Here we provide an overview of the pros and cons of these transferred cells and discuss the current state of their therapeutic potential. We believe that stem cell translation will be an ideal option for patients following ischemic heart disease in the future.

The role of steroids in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation: molecular and clinical perspectives

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rony H. Salloum ◽  
J. Peter Rubin ◽  
Kacey G. Marra
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Body ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Differentiation Pathways

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells capable of either self-regeneration or differentiation into more mature cell types, depending on the environmental stimuli. MSCs originate from the mesoderm and differentiate readily into mesodermal tissue. The tissues most studied in that respect are bone, fat and cartilage, and the key molecular elements in these three differentiation pathways are RUNX2, PPARγ and SOX9, respectively. Steroidal molecules play an important role in determining the fate of MSCs, mainly by altering the expression of key cellular molecules. Not all steroids exert the same effects on these cells. This review discusses the effects of sex steroids and glucocorticoids on the proliferative capacity and differentiation patterns of MSCs. With stem-cell-based therapy gaining worldwide attention, we explore the role of steroids in modulating MSCs for clinical and therapeutic purposes. The ease with which some MSCs, such as adipose-derived stem cells, can be harvested from the body and manipulated in the laboratory may lead to increased interest in this era of stem cells.

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