scholarly journals Application of Nanotechnology in Stem-Cell-Based Therapy of Neurodegenerative Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Masoudi Asil ◽  
Jyoti Ahlawat ◽  
Gileydis Guillama Barroso ◽  
Mahesh Narayan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Clinical Scales ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

In addition to adverse health outcomes, neurological disorders have serious societal and economic impacts on patients, their family and society as a whole. There is no definite treatment for these disorders, and current available drugs only slow down the progression of the disease. In recent years, application of stem cells has been widely advanced due to their potential of self-renewal and differentiation to different cell types which make them suitable candidates for cell therapy. In particular, this approach offers great opportunities for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. However, some major issues related to stem-cell therapy, including their tumorigenicity, viability, safety, metastases, uncontrolled differentiation and possible immune response have limited their application in clinical scales. To address these challenges, a combination of stem-cell therapy with nanotechnology can be a solution. Nanotechnology has the potential of improvement of stem-cell therapy by providing ideal substrates for large scale proliferation of stem cells. Application of nanomaterial in stem-cell culture will be also beneficial to modulation of stem-cell differentiation using nanomedicines. Nanodelivery of functional compounds can enhance the efficiency of neuron therapy by stem cells and development of nanobased techniques for real-time, accurate and long-lasting imaging of stem-cell cycle processes. However, these novel techniques need to be investigated to optimize their efficiency in treatment of neurologic diseases.

scholarly journals A REPORT ON STEM CELLS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Shantha A R
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells ◽  
The Cost

Stem cells are the building blocks of life. They have remarkable potential to regenerate and develop into many different cell types in the body during early life and growth. They are also a class of undifferentiated cells that are able to be differentiated into specialized cells types. Stem cells are characterized by certain features such as totipotency, pluripotency, multipotency, oligopotent and unipotency. The history of stem cell research had an embryonic beginning in the mid 1800s with the discovery that few cells could generate other cells. In the 1900s the first stem cells were discovered when it was found that cells generate blood cells. Nowadays, stem cell therapy is under research and till now, a very few stem cell therapies have been regarded as safe and successful. It is also found that stem cell therapy cast a number of side effects too. The cost of the procedure too is expensive and is not easily affordable.

Prospects for Stem Cell-Based Regenerative Therapies in India

StemJournal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dinesh Boopalan ◽  
Ramanan Pandian ◽  
Gokul Kesavan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Regenerative Therapies

Stem cells offer a promising therapeutic strategy to not only treat several incurable diseases but also regenerate damaged tissues. The current global boom in the field of stem cell and regenerative therapies had led to India becoming a global hotspot for stem cell-based therapies. In this review, we assess the current status of stem cell therapy trials in India and show that the bone marrow-derived stem cells, like mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), are predominantly used. Phase 1 and 2 clinical trials have also used MSCs to alleviate symptoms of severe novel coronavirus infections. Recent breakthroughs in gene editing technologies, combined with stem cell therapy, can be effectively harnessed to devise large-scale and affordable treatments for haematological diseases that are highly prevalent in India, like beta-thalassemia and sickle cell diseases. Innovations in stem cell therapy in India can make treatments more affordable to address the needs of in-country patients.

Microphysiological stroke model for systematic evaluation of neurorestorative potential of stem cell therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wonjae Lee ◽  
Zhonlin Lyu ◽  
Jon Park ◽  
Kwang-Min Kim ◽  
Hye-jin Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Neurovascular Unit ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Neurological Function ◽  
Systematic Evaluation

Abstract Stem cell therapy is emerging as a promising treatment option to restore a neurological function after ischemic stroke. Despite the growing number of candidate stem cell types, each with unique characteristics, there is a lack of experimental platform to systematically evaluate their neurorestorative potential. When stem cells are transplanted into ischemic brain, the therapeutic efficacy primarily depends on the response of the neurovascular unit (NVU) to these extraneous cells. In this work, we developed an ischemic stroke microphysiological system (MPS) with a functional NVU on a microfluidic chip. Our new chip design facilitated the incorporated cells to form a functional blood-brain barrier (BBB) and restore their in vivo-like behaviors in both healthy and ischemic conditions. We utilized this MPS to track the transplanted stem cells and characterize their neurorestorative behaviors reflected in gene expression levels. Each type of stem cells showed unique neurorestorative effects, primarily through supporting the endogenous recovery, rather than through direct cell replacement. And the recovery of synaptic activities, critical for neurological function, was more tightly correlated with the recovery of the structural and functional integrity in NVU, rather than with the regeneration of neurons itself.

scholarly journals Prospects of Therapeutic Target and Directions for Ischemic Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Jung Hak Kim ◽  
So Young Kim ◽  
Bokyung Kim ◽  
Sang Rae Lee ◽  
Sang Hoon Cha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

Stroke is a serious, adverse neurological event and the third leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Most strokes are caused by a block in cerebral blood flow, resulting in neurological deficits through the death of brain tissue. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is currently the only immediate treatment medication for stroke. The goal of rt-PA administration is to reduce the thrombus and/or embolism via thrombolysis; however, the administration of rt-PA must occur within a very short therapeutic timeframe (3 h to 6 h) after symptom onset. Components of the pathological mechanisms involved in ischemic stroke can be used as potential biomarkers in current treatment. However, none are currently under investigation in clinical trials; thus, further studies investigating biomarkers are needed. After ischemic stroke, microglial cells can be activated and release inflammatory cytokines. These cytokines lead to severe neurotoxicity via the overactivation of microglia in prolonged and lasting insults such as stroke. Thus, the balanced regulation of microglial activation may be necessary for therapy. Stem cell therapy is a promising clinical treatment strategy for ischemic stroke. Stem cells can increase the functional recovery of damaged tissue after post-ischemic stroke through various mechanisms including the secretion of neurotrophic factors, immunomodulation, the stimulation of endogenous neurogenesis, and neovascularization. To investigate the use of stem cell therapy for neurological diseases in preclinical studies, however, it is important to develop imaging technologies that are able to evaluate disease progression and to “chase” (i.e., track or monitor) transplanted stem cells in recipients. Imaging technology development is rapidly advancing, and more sensitive techniques, such as the invasive and non-invasive multimodal techniques, are under development. Here, we summarize the potential risk factors and biomarker treatment strategies, stem cell-based therapy and emerging multimodal imaging techniques in the context of stroke. This current review provides a conceptual framework for considering the therapeutic targets and directions for the treatment of brain dysfunctions, with a particular focus on ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals Enhancing Stem Cell Therapy for Cartilage Repair in Osteoarthritis—A Hydrogel Focused Approach

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Yisi Liu ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Yixuan Luo ◽  
Qianyi Liang ◽  
Yin Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Tissue Site

Sem cells hold tremendous promise for the treatment of cartilage repair in osteoarthritis. In addition to their multipotency, stem cells possess immunomodulatory effects that can alleviate inflammation and enhance cartilage repair. However, the widely clinical application of stem cell therapy to cartilage repair and osteoarthritis has proven difficult due to challenges in large-scale production, viability maintenance in pathological tissue site and limited therapeutic biological activity. This review aims to provide a perspective from hydrogel-focused approach to address few key challenges in stem cell-based therapy for cartilage repair and highlight recent progress in advanced hydrogels, particularly microgels and dynamic hydrogels systems for improving stem cell survival, retention and regulation of stem cell fate. Finally, progress in hydrogel-assisted gene delivery and genome editing approaches for the development of next generation of stem cell therapy for cartilage repair in osteoarthritis are highlighted.

scholarly journals Is Stem Cell a Curer or an Obstruction?

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Siska Damayanti ◽  
Rina Triana ◽  
Angliana Chouw ◽  
Nurrani Mustika Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration

Introduction: Each cell in human body is assigned with a specialized function to perform.  Before a cell becomes specialized, it is a stem cell. Stem cell research and therapy is progressing dramatically these days. Stem cell therapy holds enormous treatment potential for many diseases which currently have no or limited therapeutic options. Unfortunately, this potential also comes with side-effects. In this review, the positive and negative effects of regulation of stem cells will be explained.Content: Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have potential to develop into many different cell types in the body during early life and growth. The type of stem cells are embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, somatic stem cells, foetal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells. Stem cell transplantation is one form of stem cell therapy, it comes with different sources, and those are autologous and allogenic transplantation stem cells. In an autologous transplant, a patient’s own blood-forming stem cells are collected, meanwhile in an allogeneic transplant, a person’s stem cells are replaced with new stem cells obtained from a donor or from donated umbilical cord blood.Summary: Its abilities to maintain undifferentiated phenotype, self-renewing and differentiate itself into specialized cells, give rise to stem cell as a new innovation for the treatment of various diseases. In the clinical setting, stem cells are being explored in various conditions, such as in tissue repair and regeneration and autoimmune diseases therapy. But along with its benefit, stem cell therapy also holds some harm. It is known that the treatment using stem cell for curing and rehabilitation has the risk in tumor formation.

scholarly journals Stem Cells Therapy for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erfan Arabpour ◽  
Sina Khoshdel ◽  
Negin Tabatabaie ◽  
Ali Akhgarzad ◽  
Moein Zangiabadian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Remarkable Effect

Introduction: Vaccination seems to be a good solution for preventing and controlling coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, but still there are some challenges in COVID-19 vaccination. Investigating new therapeutic options for COVID-19 is necessary. The current study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of stem cells in treating patients with COVID-19.Methods: We reviewed the relevant scientific literature published up to April 1, 2021. The pooled risk ratio (RR) with 95% CI was assessed using a fixed or random-effect model. We considered P < 0.05 as statistically significant for publication bias. Data were analyzed by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software, Version 2.0 (Biostat, Englewood, NJ).Results: After reviewing 1,262 records, we identified 10 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The analysis showed that stem cell therapy could significantly reduce the mortality rate (RR 0.471, 95% CI: 0.270–0.821) and morbidity (RR 0.788, 95% CI: 0.626–0.992) in patients with COVID-19; compared with the control group.Conclusions: The present study suggests that stem cell therapy has a remarkable effect on reducing mortality and morbidity of patients with COVID-19. Further large-scale studies are needed to approve these results. Defining a protocol for stem cell therapy in patients with COVID-19 can lead to achieving the best clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals Development of a Stem Cell Therapy for Glaucoma

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Marianne Doorenbos ◽  
Lu Shi-Jiang ◽  
Dong Feng Chen ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
The Common

Glaucoma is the most common form of optic neuropathy and a major cause of blindness worldwide. Currently, there is no cure for glaucoma. Damage to retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve caused by the diseases is permanent. Stem cells, which can divide indefinitely and differentiate into various cell types, offer a great premise for cell-replacement therapy. Recent breakthroughs in stem cell research that enable generation of pluripotent stem cells from adult somatic cells by reprogramming technology have opened new therapeutic possibilities. However, besides the common factors in inducing directed and homogenous cell differentiation and integration into the host tissue and establishing functionality, stem cell therapy for glaucoma is especially challenged by difficulties in driving optic nerve regeneration or repair. On the contrary, stem cell transplantation may still gain functional benefits by secreting neurotrophic factors and promoting neural plasticity. This review will discuss these advances and challenges in stem cell therapy.

Advances of Stem Cell Therapy to Treat Heart Failure

Nano LIFE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 1941002
Author(s):  
Yanbin Fu ◽  
Zhiying He ◽  
Chao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Novel Strategy

Stem cell therapy is being developed as a promising novel strategy for the treatment of heart-associated diseases. Several types of cells such as skeletal myoblasts, bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), adipose stem cells (ADSCs), cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been tested in pre-clinical and clinical cardiac repairing models. Fibroblasts, as terminally differentiated cells, could also be trans-differentiated into cardiomyocytes in vitro. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances of cell types, potential applications and challenges of stem cell therapy in the treatment of heart failure.

Effect of the Histone Deacetylases Inhibitors on the Differentiation of Stem Cells in Bone Damage Repairing and Regeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Zhao ◽  
Kun Ji ◽  
Tiancong Wang ◽  
Guifeng Li ◽  
Wei Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation

Tissue damage repairing and regeneration is a research hot topic. Tissue engineering arises at the historic moment which is a defect repair compound composed of seed cells, tissue engineering scaffolds, and inducing factors. Stem cells have a limited growth period in vitro culture, and they have a pattern of replicating ageing, and these disadvantages are limiting the applications of stem cells in basic research and clinical treatment. The enhancement of stem cell differentiation ability is a difficult problem to overcome, and it is possible to enhance the differentiation ability of stem cells through histone modification so as to provide a more robust foundation for damage repairing and regeneration. Studies have shown that Histone Deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitors can improve mesenchymal stem cells in vitro induced in different directions, conversion efficiency, increasing the feasibility and safety of stem cell therapy and tissue engineering, to offer reference to promote the stem cell therapy in clinical application. Therefore, this paper mainly focusing on the usage and achievements of the deacetylase inhibitors in stem cell differentiation studies and their use and prospects in repair of bone tissue defects.

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