scholarly journals SPAR Profiles for the Assessment of Genetic Diversity Between Male and Female Landraces of the Dioecious Betelvine Plant (Piper betle L.)

10.5772/24753 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirish A. ◽  
Anjali Soni ◽  
Nikhil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Male And Female

scholarly journals Intraspecific Seasonal Variation of Flowering Synchronization in a Heterodichogamous Tree

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1509
Author(s):  
Noemi Tel-Zur ◽  
Tamar Keasar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Phase Duration ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Flowering Synchrony ◽  
Flowering Season ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Female Phase ◽  
Male Phase ◽  
Phase Differences

Heterodichogamous reproduction in plants involves two flowering morphs, reciprocal in their timing of male and female sexual functions. The degree of synchrony in floral sex phase, within and between individuals of each morph, determines the flowers’ potential fertilization partners. Complete within-morph synchrony enables across-morph mating alone, whereas unsynchronized floral sex phases may allow fertilization within a plant individual (geitonogamy) or within a morph. We documented the disruption of flowering synchrony in the heterodichogamous Ziziphus spina-christi towards the end of its seven-month flowering season. This desert tree has self-incompatible, protandrous, short-lived (2-day) flowers that open before dawn (‘Early’ morph) or around noon (‘Late’ morph). We counted flowers in the male and female phase on flowering branches that were sampled monthly during the 2016–2018 flowering seasons. In 2018, we also tagged flowers and followed their sex-phase distributions over two days at the start, middle, and end of the season. The switch to the female phase was delayed at the end-season (November-December), and 74% of the flowers did not develop beyond their male phase. Differences in male-phase duration resulted in asynchrony among flowers within each tree and among trees of both flowering morphs. Consequently, fertilization between trees of the same morph becomes potentially possible during the end-season. In controlled hand-pollination assays, some within-morph fertilizations set fruit. The end-season breakdown of synchronous flowering generates variability within morphs and populations. We suggest that this variability may potentially enable new mating combinations in a population and enhance its genetic diversity.

Genetic diversity amongst landraces of a dioecious vegetatively propagated plant, betelvine (Piper betle L.)

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Verma ◽  
Nikhil Kumar ◽  
S. A. Ranade
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Piper Betle

scholarly journals The maintenance of stable yield and high genetic diversity in the agricultural heritage torreya tree system

BMC Ecology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Liangliang Hu ◽  
Liang Guo ◽  
Weizheng Ren ◽  
Lufeng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Stable Yield ◽  
Seed Yields

Abstract Background Understanding how traditional agriculture systems have been maintained would help design sustainable agriculture. In this study, we examined how farmers have used two types of local trees (Torreya grandis) for stable yield and maintaining genetic diversity in the “globally important agricultural heritage torreya tree system”. The two type of torreya trees are grafted torreya (GT) tree and non-grafted-torreya (NGT) tree. The GT tree has only female and was used to produced seed yields. The NGT tree has both male and female and was used to support GT tree by providing pollens and rootstocks. We first tested the ratio of GT tree to NGT tree, their age groups, ratio of female trees (including GT and NGT trees) to male, and the flowering period of GT and NGT trees. We then tested seed yields and genetic diversity of GT and NGT trees. We further tested gene flow among NGT trees, and the relationship of gene flow with exchange rates of pollens and seeds. Results GT and NGT trees (male and female) were planted in a mosaic pattern with a ratio of 4:1 (GT:NGT). In this planting pattern, one NGT male trees provided pollen for 20 female trees of GT and NGT. The trees were classified into four age groups (I = 100–400 years old; II = 400–700 years old; III = 700–1000 years old; and IV = 1000–1300 years old) based on basal diameter. The entire flowering period was longer for NGT trees than for GT trees that ensured GT trees (which lack of males) being exposed to pollens. GT tree had high and stable seed yield that increased with age groups. High genetic diversity has been maintained in both rootstocks of the GT trees and NGT trees. There was a strong gene flow among NGT trees, which positive correlated with the exchange rates of pollens and seeds. Conclusions Our results suggest that farmers obtain stable seed yields, and maintain high genetic diversity by ingeniously using the local GT tree as yield producer and NGT tree as supporter. These GT and NGT trees together ensure sustainable torreya production.

Characteristic differences in metabolite profile in male and female plants of dioecious Piper betle L.

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1061-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikas Bajpai ◽  
Renu Pandey ◽  
Mahendra Pal Singh Negi ◽  
K Hima Bindu ◽  
Nikhil Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Male And Female

scholarly journals Relatedness Among Three Native Geese in Erbil Governorate Using Hematological and Molecular Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen A. Ahmed ◽  
Yousif M.S. Al-Barzinji ◽  
Lanja Assad Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Third ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
Unique Band ◽  
High Genetic Distance

The objective of the present study was to determine genetic diversity among three geese color types using RAPD markers and hematological parameters. The overall mean, of the live weights, Hemoglobin, Hetrophil %, Lymphocyte %, Monocyte %, and H/L ratio were 3.006 (kg), 14.64, 36.896, 49.896, 2.233 and 0.736 respectively. The breed, sex and interaction between them have a significant effect on live body weight, Hemoglobin, and Monocyte %. Ten primers were used and six out of them were selected based on their number of bands (NB) and polymorphic characteristics. A total of 309 bands observed, ranged from 30 in primer OPB-07 to 54 bands in OPA-20. Five unique bands were found only in white goose, whereas the highest unique band was obtained in primer OPB-01 locus. Overall genetic distance among native geese arrived 64.122 and phylogenetic dendrograms showed that 3 clusters, the first cluster content only white geese (Male and Female) breed, the second one cluster is included piebald geese breed (Male and female) and the third one was including gray geese (Male and female) breed. It was concluded that the white geese was closer to piebald geese than to the gray geese breed. The high genetic distance (64.122%) and variation in phenotypic value such as live weight (2.375 to 3.600 kg/bird) for three native geese indicate that these native geese have a good amount of genetic resources to made genetically improvement in further and it means the three goose samples are independent breeds. 

scholarly journals Estimation of chlorophyll contents in male and female genotypes of betel vine (Piper betle L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1450-1452
Author(s):  
Manjesh GN ◽  
Hima Bindu K ◽  
Upreti KK ◽  
Umesha K ◽  
Mallikarjuna Gowda AP ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Piper Betle ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents
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