scholarly journals Male and Female Subpopulations of Salix viminalis Present High Genetic Diversity and High Long-Term Migration Rates between Them

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifei Zhai ◽  
Jinmei Mao ◽  
Junxiang Liu ◽  
Xiangyong Peng ◽  
Lei Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Salix Viminalis ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Migration Rates

scholarly journals The maintenance of stable yield and high genetic diversity in the agricultural heritage torreya tree system

BMC Ecology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Liangliang Hu ◽  
Liang Guo ◽  
Weizheng Ren ◽  
Lufeng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Stable Yield ◽  
Seed Yields

Abstract Background Understanding how traditional agriculture systems have been maintained would help design sustainable agriculture. In this study, we examined how farmers have used two types of local trees (Torreya grandis) for stable yield and maintaining genetic diversity in the “globally important agricultural heritage torreya tree system”. The two type of torreya trees are grafted torreya (GT) tree and non-grafted-torreya (NGT) tree. The GT tree has only female and was used to produced seed yields. The NGT tree has both male and female and was used to support GT tree by providing pollens and rootstocks. We first tested the ratio of GT tree to NGT tree, their age groups, ratio of female trees (including GT and NGT trees) to male, and the flowering period of GT and NGT trees. We then tested seed yields and genetic diversity of GT and NGT trees. We further tested gene flow among NGT trees, and the relationship of gene flow with exchange rates of pollens and seeds. Results GT and NGT trees (male and female) were planted in a mosaic pattern with a ratio of 4:1 (GT:NGT). In this planting pattern, one NGT male trees provided pollen for 20 female trees of GT and NGT. The trees were classified into four age groups (I = 100–400 years old; II = 400–700 years old; III = 700–1000 years old; and IV = 1000–1300 years old) based on basal diameter. The entire flowering period was longer for NGT trees than for GT trees that ensured GT trees (which lack of males) being exposed to pollens. GT tree had high and stable seed yield that increased with age groups. High genetic diversity has been maintained in both rootstocks of the GT trees and NGT trees. There was a strong gene flow among NGT trees, which positive correlated with the exchange rates of pollens and seeds. Conclusions Our results suggest that farmers obtain stable seed yields, and maintain high genetic diversity by ingeniously using the local GT tree as yield producer and NGT tree as supporter. These GT and NGT trees together ensure sustainable torreya production.

scholarly journals Rescue and genetic assessment of soybean-nodulating Bradyrhizobium strains from an experimental field thirty years after inoculation

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-189
Author(s):  
Adriana Giongo ◽  
Adriana Ambrosini ◽  
João Ruy Jardim Freire ◽  
Luciano Kayser ◽  
Maria Helena Bodanese-Zanettin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Soybean Variety ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Genetic Assessment

As the long-term phenotype and genetic stability of bacteria used as inoculant are important parameters in their ecology and for agricultural purposes, this study aimed genotypically characterize several-rescued bradyrhizobia of an experimental field thirty years after the first inoculation. A high genetic diversity of 30 bradyrhizobia isolates was observed, either by AFLP (H = 4.87) or rep-PCR (H = 4.18). The results indicate that the Bradyrhizobium population that persists in the Eldorado soil is genetically very diverse and different from the parental strains. All isolates were infective and trapped in IAS-5 soybean variety maintaining their nodulation and nitrogen fixation properties. Given that many rhizobia in a soil can lost the infective capacity and that the host genotype can affect the spectrum of rhizobial genotype selected from a soil, the genetic diversity of the complete bradyrhizobia population in Eldorado soil could be even higher than the identified in this work.

scholarly journals Variability of Major Phenyletanes and Phenylpropanoids in 16-Year-Old Rhodiola rosea L. Clones in Norway

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 3463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhameed Elameen ◽  
Vera M. Kosman ◽  
Mette Thomsen ◽  
Olga N. Pozharitskaya ◽  
Alexander N. Shikov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Rhodiola Rosea ◽  
Cinnamyl Alcohol ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Conventional Drying

Rhodiola rosea L. (roseroot) is an adaptogen plant belonging to the Crassulaceae family. The broad spectrum of biological activity of R. rosea is attributed to its major phenyletanes and phenylpropanoids: rosavin, salidroside, rosin, cinnamyl alcohol, and tyrosol. In this study, we compared the content of phenyletanes and phenylpropanoids in rhizomes of R. rosea from the Norwegian germplasm collection collected in 2004 and in 2017. In general, the content of these bioactive compounds in 2017 was significantly higher than that observed in 2004. The freeze-drying method increased the concentration of all phenyletanes and phenylpropanoids in rhizomes compared with conventional drying at 70 °C. As far as we know, the content of salidroside (51.0 mg g−1) observed in this study is the highest ever detected in Rhodiola spp. Long-term vegetative propagation and high genetic diversity of R. rosea together with the freeze-drying method may have led to the high content of the bioactive compounds observed in the current study.

Long-term isolation and stability explain high genetic diversity in the Eastern Himalaya

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhua Qu ◽  
Per G. P. Ericson ◽  
Qing Quan ◽  
Gang Song ◽  
Ruiying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Eastern Himalaya ◽  
High Genetic Diversity

scholarly journals Cellar-Associated Saccharomyces cerevisiae Population Structure Revealed High-Level Diversity and Perennial Persistence at Sauternes Wine Estates

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 2909-2918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Börlin ◽  
Pauline Venet ◽  
Olivier Claisse ◽  
Franck Salin ◽  
Jean-Luc Legras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
White Wine ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Spontaneous Fermentation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Temporal Succession ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTThree wine estates (designated A, B, and C) were sampled in Sauternes, a typical appellation of the Bordeaux wine area producing sweet white wine. From those wine estates, 551 yeast strains were collected between 2012 and 2014, added to 102 older strains from 1992 to 2011 from wine estate C. All the strains were analyzed through 15 microsatellite markers, resulting in 503 uniqueSaccharomyces cerevisiaegenotypes, revealing high genetic diversity and a low presence of commercial yeast starters. Population analysis performed usingFstgenetic distance or ancestry profiles revealed that the two closest wine estates, B and C, which have juxtaposed vineyard plots and common seasonal staff, share more related isolates with each other than with wine estate A, indicating exchange between estates. The characterization of isolates collected 23 years ago at wine estate C in relation to recent isolates obtained at wine estate B revealed the long-term persistence of isolates. Last, during the 2014 harvest period, a temporal succession of ancestral subpopulations related to the different batches associated with the selective picking of noble rotted grapes was highlighted.IMPORTANCEHigh genetic diversity ofS. cerevisiaeisolates from spontaneous fermentation on wine estates in the Sauternes appellation of Bordeaux was revealed. Only 7% of all Sauternes strains were considered genetically related to specific commercial strains. The long-term persistence (over 20 years) ofS. cerevisiaeprofiles on a given wine estate is highlighted.

The Neurobiology of Pain

2019 ◽  
pp. 387-414
Author(s):  
Maria Fitzgerald ◽  
Michael W. Salter
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Pain Pathways ◽  
Developmental Age ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Age And Sex

The influence of development and sex on pain perception has long been recognized but only recently has it become clear that this is due to specific differences in underlying pain neurobiology. This chapter summarizes the evidence for mechanistic differences in male and female pain biology and for functional changes in pain pathways through infancy, adolescence, and adulthood. It describes how both developmental age and sex determine peripheral nociception, spinal and brainstem processing, brain networks, and neuroimmune pathways in pain. Finally, the chapter discusses emerging evidence for interactions between sex and development and the importance of sex in the short- and long-term effects of early life pain.

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