Klimaschutz durch Walderhalt am Beispiel des REDD+-Mechanismus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romina Schaller
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Forest Carbon

Landnutzungsänderungen, v.a. die Abholzung der natürlichen Wälder beispielsweise zur Landwirtschaftsentwicklung oder zur Waldbewirtschaftung, haben einen großen Anteil an den klimaschädlichen anthropogenen Aktivitäten. Daher kann der Waldschutz einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz leisten. Ein Instrument hierfür ist der REDD+-Mechanismus. REDD+ steht für “Reducing of emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries”. Unter dem REDD+-Mechanismus sollen Industrieländer sowie andere Geber aus den industrialisierten Staaten durch verschiedene Finanzierungformen Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländer dafür kompensieren, dass sie ihre Wälder schützen und damit Emissionen aus Entwaldung und Walddegradierung vermeiden. In diesem Werk entwickelt die Autorin ein Anforderungsprofil für die Umsetzung von REDD+ unter Beachtung der Eigentums-, Besitz- und Nutzungsrechte an Land, den Erhalt der biologischen Vielfalt und die Gewährleistung der Rechte der indigenen Völker, die oftmals in diesen Wäldern leben. Die Untersuchung fokussiert insbesondere auf Peru und analysiert, inwieweit der Rechtsrahmen für die Implementierung von REDD+ vorbereitet ist.

scholarly journals Toward REDD+ Implementation

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 373-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danae Maniatis ◽  
Joel Scriven ◽  
Inge Jonckheere ◽  
Jennifer Laughlin ◽  
Kimberly Todd
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Emissions Reductions ◽  
Parallel Processes ◽  
Nationally Determined Contributions ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
National Framework

After several years of REDD+ (reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries) readiness, countries are starting to move toward REDD+ implementation and accessing results-based payments (RBPs). Currently various parallel processes for accessing RBPs exist, including project and jurisdictional—approaches that often operate under a nascent national framework. This review is structured around the key considerations for countries to implement REDD+ and access RBPs. It offers a discussion focusing on three areas that are crucial for the success of REDD+: ( a) REDD+ in the context of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), ( b) the role of the private sector in achieving emissions reductions, and ( c) access to RBPs for REDD+. We present some key considerations for future issues and possible successes of REDD+ implementation.

scholarly journals The Performance of REDD+: From Global Governance to Local Practices

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bas Arts ◽  
Verina Ingram ◽  
Maria Brockhaus
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Local Practices ◽  
Reduce Emissions

Whilst ‘REDD’ is the acronym for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, ‘REDD+’ refers to efforts to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, foster conservation, promote the sustainable management of forests, and enhance forest carbon stocks [...]

scholarly journals Fragmentation and Coordination of REDD+ Finance under the Paris Agreement Regime

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1452
Author(s):  
Dong-hwan Kim ◽  
Do-hun Kim ◽  
Hyun Seok Kim ◽  
Raehyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Major Donors

Under the Kyoto Protocol regime, various forms of financial support have been committed to helping the implementation of reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, as well as fostering conservation, the sustainable management of forests, and the enhancement of forest carbon stocks (REDD+) in developing countries. We analyzed the fragmentation of REDD+ finance and suggested methods for its coordination under the Paris Agreement regime. The fragmentation of REDD+ finance was observed, but it was lower than that of general official development assistance (ODA). However, we found that the trend of fragmentation in REDD+ financing is different from that of general ODA, with a few major donors occupying a large portion of the total size of committed REDD+ finance. Thus, it may not be appropriate to consider the fragmentation of REDD+ finance merely as an obstacle that needs to be decreased. Still, the total amount of REDD+ finance should be increased and adjusted for various donor–recipient relationships, in consideration of the REDD+ finance options in the Paris Agreement. Some REDD+ countries have made progress in national REDD+ and accomplished emission reductions. However, REDD+ finance needs to be stratified considering the progress of national REDD+. For such forms of cooperation, an information-sharing and monitoring system that collects information on ongoing REDD+ cooperation, the commitment and expenditure of REDD+ finance, and the support needs of REDD+ countries at a global level should be established. Multilateral organizations need to provide safeguarding functions for developing countries that are isolated from bilateral REDD+ finance.

scholarly journals Carbon Measurement: An Overview of Forest Carbon Estimation Methods and the Role of Geographical Information System and Remote Sensing Techniques for REDD+ Implementation

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thakur Bhattarai ◽  
Margaret Skutsch ◽  
David Midmore ◽  
Him Lal Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Information System ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Geographical Information System ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Successful Implementation

Many scientists and policy makers consider payment for environmental services, particularly carbon payment for forest management, a cost-effective and practical solution to climate change and unsustainable development. In recent years an attractive policy has been discussed under the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC): Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+), sustainable management of forest, and conservation and enhancement of carbon in developing countries. This could potentially reward forest-managing communities in developing countries. One of the challenging tasks for the successful implementation of this policy is setting up reliable baseline emissions scenarios based on the historical emissions as input for business as usual projections. Forest biomass measurements, the quantification of carbon stocks, their monitoring, and the observation of these stocks over time, are very important for the development of reference scenario and estimation of carbon stock. This paper reviews a numbers of methods available for estimating forest carbon stocks and growth rates of different forest carbon pools. It also explores the limitations and challenges of these methods for use in different geographical locations, and suggests ways of improving accuracy and precision that reduce uncertainty for the successful implementation of REDD+. Furthermore, the paper assesses the role of remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS) techniques in the establishment of a long-term carbon inventory.Journal of Forest and Livelihood 13(1) May, 2015, Page:69-86

scholarly journals Assessing “Results-Based” Payment Determinants in Forest Carbon Emission Reduction Initiatives: Case of Forest Carbon Projects in Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Eugene L Chia ◽  
Augustin Corin B Bi Bitchick ◽  
Didier Hubert ◽  
Mirrande M Azai ◽  
Maxime M Nguemadji
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Project Design ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Land Owners ◽  
Key Innovation ◽  
Design Documents ◽  
Technical Capacity

The international community has acknowledged the critical role of results-based avoided deforestation and forest degradation, sustainable management of forest, conservation and enhancement of carbon stocks (REDD+) activities in curbing climate change. However, ensuring that REDD+ programs and projects deliver carbon and non-carbon results, remains a challenge. This paper analyses results-based determinants in REDD+ projects in Cameroon. Experiences from these projects are expected to inform the design and implementation of sustainable and effective REDD+ projects. It draws on data collected from feasibility study reports, project design documents, project evaluation reports and the opinions and perspectives of 86 REDD+ stakeholders. Findings indicate that projects employed a combination of incentives, disincentives and enabling measures towards achieving the intended REDD+ results. However, none of the projects proposed conditional incentives (direct payments) to land owners and users, the key innovation brought by REDD+. Despite the fact that these projects are branded REDD+ projects, they offer little or no experiences on the relationship between REDD+ payments and carbon and non-carbon outcomes. Achieving results from REDD+ projects depend on how effective choices are made by stakeholders in relation to the type of instruments/interventions and the location of projects, and the ability to make choices further depends on the technical capacity of stakeholders. Thus, the capacity of stakeholders to be involve in REDD+ project design and implementation should be strengthened, in order for them to better appraise the results-based requirements of REDD+.

scholarly journals National REDD+ Strategy for Climate Change Mitigation: A Review and Comparison of Developing Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jewel Andoh ◽  
Yohan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Institutional Infrastructure ◽  
Definition Of

Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and the role of conservation, sustainable forest management and enhancement of forest carbon stocks (REDD+) in developing countries requires a National REDD+ Strategy (NRS) to ensure effectiveness, efficiency and equity. So far, only a few countries have submitted their NRS to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to progress to the implementation phase of REDD+. To compare the NRS of eight countries from Africa and the Asia-Pacific region, we used content analysis to assess whether these countries have paid attention to the REDD+ design components and adhered to the UNFCCC REDD+ rules. Our results demonstrate that all eight countries have paid considerable attention to REDD+ activities, finance, measurement, reporting and verification (MRV), and safeguard systems, and most countries have not adhered to the UNFCCC REDD+ rules on scale including the definition of national and subnational forests, subnational projects to be nested into national systems, and subnational activities to be verified by experts. REDD+ countries must develop definitions for national and subnational forests to enhance forest monitoring and they must develop technical and institutional infrastructure for MRV and safeguard systems, to receive results-based payments, and for the sustainability of REDD+ projects.

scholarly journals Centralization of the Global REDD+ Financial Network and Implications under the New Climate Regime

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do-hun Kim ◽  
Dong-hwan Kim ◽  
Dong-Ho Lee ◽  
Sunjoo Park ◽  
Seong-il Kim
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Climate Regime ◽  
Financial Network ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
Donor Numbers ◽  
Major Donors

With the institutionalization of reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries (REDD+), the global REDD+ financial network has been formed to support the implementation of REDD+ in developing countries. Although the rapid expansion of the network made it decentralized, it is still a highly centralized network in terms of the distribution of financial resources, revolving around only a few major actors. While the source of financing was diversified due to an increase in influential donors, the majority of financing still came from a few constant major donors, and a few constant major developing countries received most of the financial support. Although increases in donor numbers and the amount of finance received can provide more chances to support developing countries, it may cause inefficiency due to overlaps and duplications. Also, over-centralization of financial resources can be ineffective in terms of achieving maximum greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction, and can broaden gaps between developing countries’ ability to cope with climate change and deforestation. Lack of coordination among donors and the differing capacity of developing countries may have caused centralization of financial resources in the global REDD+ financial network. To minimize this problem, a comprehensive monitoring system and platforms for information sharing are needed.

scholarly journals Sustainable Forest Management, FLEGT, and REDD+: Exploring Interlinkages to Strengthen Forest Policy Coherence

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yitagesu Tekle Tegegne ◽  
Mathias Cramm ◽  
Jo Van Brusselen
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Policy Coherence ◽  
Forest Law ◽  
Verification Systems

Sustainable forest management (SFM) is a concept that guides forest management and policy globally. Over the past decades, two prominent regimes have emerged at the global level that can strengthen SFM: The European Union's Action Plan on Forest Law Enforcement, Governance, and Trade (FLEGT) and the United Nations’ mechanism for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries (REDD+). However, the understanding of how FLEGT and REDD+ can interlink with SFM to strengthen forest policy coherence is limited. Enhancing knowledge about interlinkages and synergies is important in view of recent global commitments to strengthen policy coherence. This study employed content analysis of the main global policy documents related to FLEGT and REDD+ to identify (i) the potential contributions of the two regimes to SFM, and (ii) strategies to manage the interlinkages among SFM, FLEGT, and REDD+. The results revealed several potential interlinkages, such as monitoring, reporting, and verification systems, establishing the enabling conditions of SFM, and addressing drivers of forest degradation. However, the interlinkages must be managed if their potential is to be realized. For this, the study proposes three approaches to managing the interlinkages and catalyzing progress toward SFM.

scholarly journals Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) in Nepal: A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banu Gauli ◽  
Suraj Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Forest Resource ◽  
Redd Plus ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Available Information

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) in developing countries is a mechanism that allows industrialized countries to offset their emissions by purchasing carbon credits from developing countries, which reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation by avoiding such activities. The Government of Nepal is committed to REDD through reversing deforestation and forest degradation, conservation of existing forest and enhancing forest carbon stocks, while addressing livelihoods concerns at the same time since 2009 and now it has been flourished in the country along with concept of sustainable development of the forest resource of country. Nepal has undergone different stages during this process and has planned certain strategy for the future. The assemblages of the available information on REDD in Nepal is important to over view its holistic prospect, aspect and potentiality in the least developing country like Nepal which holds the greater possibility to be benefited from the REDD. Nepal is now in the process to prepare national REDD strategy by 2013 and there are different On Going REDD -Plus Piloting Initiatives in Nepal. Nepal has greater potentiality of being benefited from REDD though some policy related to it needed to be redefined and clarify. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v5i0.10257  The Initiation 2013 Vol.5; 75-83

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