scholarly journals Effects of Synbiotics Containing Anaerobic Microbes and Prebiotics on In vitro Fermentation Characteristics and In situ Disappearance Rate of Fermented-TMR

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1577-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Ja Lee ◽  
Nyeon Hak Shin ◽  
Gyo Moon Chu ◽  
Sung Sill Lee
Keyword(s):  
Disappearance Rate ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation

In vitro fermentation and in situ rumen degradation kinetics of summer forage brassica plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan P. Keim ◽  
Jaime Cabanilla ◽  
Oscar A. Balocchi ◽  
Rubén G. Pulido ◽  
Annick Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Forage Rape

The aim of the present study was to assess and compare the nutrient concentration, the in vitro fermentation and the in situ rumen degradation characteristics of Brassica rapa ssp. rapa L. (turnips) and Brassica napus ssp. biennis L. (forage rape). Five varieties of each species were established in three field replicates and were organised in a randomised complete-block nested design. All varieties were harvested and further analysed for chemical composition, in vitro gas-production kinetics, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and in situ degradation kinetics of dry matter (DM) and crude protein. Turnips showed higher ash, total sugars, raffinose, sucrose, glucose and fructose concentrations (P < 0.001) than did forage rape. Turnip varieties differed in their sucrose, glucose, fructose and total soluble sugar concentration (P < 0.001), whereas rape varieties differed in their neutral detergent fibre concentration (P = 0.004) and digestible organic matter on a DM basis (P < 0.01). Regarding DM-degradation parameters, turnips had a higher soluble fraction ‘a’ (P < 0.01) and a lower insoluble, but potentially degradable fraction ‘b’ (P < 0.01) than did rape, but the fractional degradation rate ‘c’ (0.18/h) was similar to that of rape. Rates of gas production were slightly higher (P = 0.018) for turnip than for rape. No effects for brassica species nor for varieties within species were detected (P > 0.05) for total in vitro VFA production, as well as for the relative proportions of acetate, propionate, butyrate, branch chained VFA and the actetate:propionate ratio. Our study showed that most of the differences that were observed in terms of chemical composition and degradation kinetics did not result in differences in in vitro fermentation products.

The impact of particle size on the rate and extent of in vitro fermentation investigated using the Reading Pressure Technique

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 61-61
Author(s):  
F.L. Mould ◽  
D. Colombatto ◽  
E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Short Term ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
The Impact

The extent of rumen degradability of a feedstuff depends on the interaction between rate of degradation and residence time. In situ techniques require that substrates are ground to obtain a homogenous sample and to reduce result variability. However undegraded feed particle losses increase with bag pore size and fineness of grinding. If these particles are degraded at a similar or lower rate than the retained material, degradability, especially for short-term incubations, will be overestimated. In contrast if the feed particles lost are more readily degraded the degradability measurements obtained will be unaffected. Where improvements due to grinding have been recorded in situ these are assumed to result from variations in the proportion of fine particles that are immediately soluble or rapidly degradable. Gas-based in vitro feed evaluation systems offer the possibility of quantifying this effect directly and a study was therefore conducted to investigate the impact of particle size on the rate and extent of fermentation using the Reading Pressure Technique (Mauricio et al., 1999).

In situ ruminal degradation and in vitro fermentation characteristics, and antioxidative activities of the lotus rhizome

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 1453-1459
Author(s):  
Sanae Asano ◽  
Kohei Aoki ◽  
Yuna Kaizuka ◽  
Yuhi Kobayashi ◽  
Kenta Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Degradation

Prediction of 48 h in situ degradability from chemical analyses and in vitro fermentation of sugar cane bagasse treated with varying levels of electron irradiation and ammonia

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 336-337
Author(s):  
D. M. S. S. Vitti ◽  
A. L. Abdalla ◽  
J. C. S. Filho ◽  
N. L. del Mastro ◽  
R. Mauricio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Electron Irradiation ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Cane Bagasse ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation

Sugar cane bagasse is produced in large quantities in Brazil. The cultivated area of sugar cane in recent years has been around 4.2 X 106 ha/year, with a production of about 270 X 106 t/year of cane. As each tonne of cane produces around 300 kg of bagasse by-product, a large quantity of bagasse is generated.Bagasse is of low dry matter (DM) digestibility (about 250 g/kg), because of lignification. Efforts have been made to improve the digestibility of bagasse using treatment with chemicals (sodium hydroxide, ammonia) or steam (Abdalla et al., 1990). Although steam and pressure treatments have improved in situ degradability, intake and digestibility in cattle were disappointing (Mello et al, 1989). Recently treatment of bagasse with irradiation and ammonia have been investigated.

scholarly journals Rumen In Vitro Fermentation and In Situ Degradation Kinetics of Winter Forage Brassicas Crops

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daza ◽  
Benavides ◽  
Pulido ◽  
Balocchi ◽  
Bertrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
In Situ Degradation

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the nutritional value, the rumen in vitro fermentation, and the in situ degradation of Brassica oleracea (L.) ssp. acephala (kales) and Brassica napus (L.) ssp. napobrassica (swedes) for winter use. Five varieties of each brassica were used in three field replicates and were randomized in a complete block nested design. All forage varieties were harvested at 210 days post-sowing to analyze the chemical composition, in vitro gas production, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and in situ dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradability. Kales presented higher DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content (p < 0.01), whereas swedes showed higher CP, metabolizable energy (ME), glucose, fructose, total sugars, NFC, and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) content (p < 0.01). The kale and swede varieties differed in their CP and sugar concentrations, whereas the kale varieties differed in their DM and raffinose content. The rates of gas production were higher for swedes than for kales (p < 0.01). No differences between the brassica species (p > 0.05) were observed in the total VFA production, whereas kales had a higher proportion of acetate and swedes had higher proportions of butyrate (p < 0.05). Only the swede varieties showed differences in VFA production (p < 0.05). The soluble fraction “a”, potential and effective in situ DM degradability were higher in swedes (p < 0.01), but kales presented greater DM and CP degradation rates. Differences were observed between brassica species in the chemical composition, degradation kinetics, and ruminal fermentation products, whereas differences among varieties within species were less frequent but need to be considered.

Correlated Studies of Cellular Interactions Using TEM, Freeze Etching, and SEM

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
J. P. Revel
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Early Developmental

Movement of individual cells or of cell sheets and complex patterns of folding play a prominent role in the early developmental stages of the embryo. Our understanding of these processes is based on three- dimensional reconstructions laboriously prepared from serial sections, and from autoradiographic and other studies. Many concepts have also evolved from extrapolation of investigations of cell movement carried out in vitro. The scanning electron microscope now allows us to examine some of these events in situ. It is possible to prepare dissections of embryos and even of tissues of adult animals which reveal existing relationships between various structures more readily than used to be possible vithout an SEM.

In vitro and in vivo polysaccharides assembly: ultrastructural and cytochemical study of growing plant cell wall components.

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
D. Reis ◽  
B. Vian ◽  
J. C. Roland
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Wall Components

Wall morphogenesis in higher plants is a problem still open to controversy. Until now the possibility of a transmembrane control and the involvement of microtubules were mostly envisaged. Self-assembly processes have been observed in the case of walls of Chlamydomonas and bacteria. Spontaneous gelling interactions between xanthan and galactomannan from Ceratonia have been analyzed very recently. The present work provides indications that some processes of spontaneous aggregation could occur in higher plants during the formation and expansion of cell wall.Observations were performed on hypocotyl of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) for which growth characteristics and wall composition have been previously defined.In situ, the walls of actively growing cells (primary walls) show an ordered three-dimensional organization (fig. 1). The wall is typically polylamellate with multifibrillar layers alternately transverse and longitudinal. Between these layers intermediate strata exist in which the orientation of microfibrils progressively rotates. Thus a progressive change in the morphogenetic activity occurs.

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