scholarly journals Metabolisable Energy, In situ Rumen Degradation and In vitro Fermentation Characteristics of Linted Cottonseed Hulls, Delinted Cottonseed Hulls and Cottonseed Linter Residue

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. Bo ◽  
H. J. Yang ◽  
W. X. Wang ◽  
H. Liu ◽  
G. Q. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

In vitro fermentation and in situ rumen degradation kinetics of summer forage brassica plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan P. Keim ◽  
Jaime Cabanilla ◽  
Oscar A. Balocchi ◽  
Rubén G. Pulido ◽  
Annick Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Forage Rape

The aim of the present study was to assess and compare the nutrient concentration, the in vitro fermentation and the in situ rumen degradation characteristics of Brassica rapa ssp. rapa L. (turnips) and Brassica napus ssp. biennis L. (forage rape). Five varieties of each species were established in three field replicates and were organised in a randomised complete-block nested design. All varieties were harvested and further analysed for chemical composition, in vitro gas-production kinetics, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and in situ degradation kinetics of dry matter (DM) and crude protein. Turnips showed higher ash, total sugars, raffinose, sucrose, glucose and fructose concentrations (P < 0.001) than did forage rape. Turnip varieties differed in their sucrose, glucose, fructose and total soluble sugar concentration (P < 0.001), whereas rape varieties differed in their neutral detergent fibre concentration (P = 0.004) and digestible organic matter on a DM basis (P < 0.01). Regarding DM-degradation parameters, turnips had a higher soluble fraction ‘a’ (P < 0.01) and a lower insoluble, but potentially degradable fraction ‘b’ (P < 0.01) than did rape, but the fractional degradation rate ‘c’ (0.18/h) was similar to that of rape. Rates of gas production were slightly higher (P = 0.018) for turnip than for rape. No effects for brassica species nor for varieties within species were detected (P > 0.05) for total in vitro VFA production, as well as for the relative proportions of acetate, propionate, butyrate, branch chained VFA and the actetate:propionate ratio. Our study showed that most of the differences that were observed in terms of chemical composition and degradation kinetics did not result in differences in in vitro fermentation products.

Potential of solubility, enzymatic methods and NIRS to predict in situ rumen escape protein

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. De Boever ◽  
B.G. Cottyn ◽  
J.M. Vanacker ◽  
C.V. Boucque
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Streptomyces Griseus ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
In Vitro Method ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
The Difference

The percentage of feed protein escaping rumen degradation was measured by the in situ method (%EPsitu) for 29 compound feeds, untreated and formaldehyde-treated soyabean meal and 12 forages: 3 grass silages, 2 maize silages, fresh grass, grass hay, fodder beets, fresh potatoes, ensiled beet pulp, chopped ear-maize silage and brewers' grains. Loss of particles through bag pores was determined by the difference between the washable fraction (W) and the fraction soluble in borate-phosphate buffer at pH 6.7 (S). W - S was most pronounced for compound feeds (on average 14.4 percentage units), for brewers' grains and maize silages. A correction of %EPsitu, assuming that W - S degrades like the potentially degradable fraction, was not appropriate. Solubility in borate-phosphate buffer after 1 h, enzymic degradability by protease from Streptomyces griseus or ficin after 1, 6 and 24 h and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) (for compound feeds alone) were examined as a routine method to predict %EPsitu. With the buffer and S. griseus the effect of pH (6.7 vs. 8.0) and at pH 8.0 the effect of amount of substrate (500-mg sample vs. 20 mg N) were tested. With ficin, 500-mg samples were incubated at pH 6.7. Predictions were better when compound feeds and forages were considered separately. However, the best in vitro method was different for the 2 feed categories, being solubility in buffer for the compound feeds and enzymic degradation of a constant amount of protein with S. griseus at pH 8.0 for forages. NIRS showed potential to predict %EPsitu of compound feeds, but needs more reference samples. The Dutch feed tables appeared more accurate than the best in vitro method for compound feeds, but was too inaccurate for some forages like fodder beets, maize silage and ear-maize silage.

Comparison of in situ and in vitro gas production techniques to estimate rumen degradation characteristics of forages

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 247-248
Author(s):  
S. López ◽  
M. D. Carro ◽  
C. Valdés ◽  
J. S. González ◽  
F. J. Ovejero
Keyword(s):  
Gas Production ◽  
Degradation Kinetic ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Kinetics Of

Quantitative expressions of the kinetics of digestion are needed to estimate more precisely the quantity and composition of nutrients digested from feeds and their subsequent efficiency of utilization by the animal (Mertens, 1993). Degradation kinetic parameters are estimated by fitting appropriate models to data resulting from the measurement of either the undigested residue or the fermentation end-products after exposure of the feed to digestion. Kinetic data can be collected using either in vitro or in situ procedures. The in situ porous synthetic fibre bag technique has been extensively used to describe the kinetics of feeds degradation in the rumen. Several in vitro gas production methods have been developed to assess fermentation kinetics. The aim of this work was to study the relationship between rumen degradation parameters of forages determined either by the in situ procedure or by the gas production technique and to evaluate the potential of gas production measurements to assess the extent of dry matter degradation in the rumen.

Rumen degradation and intestinal digestibility of rumen protected amino acids: comparison between in situ and in vitro data

2003 ◽  
Vol 108 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Rossi ◽  
Moschini Maurizio ◽  
Masoero Francesco ◽  
Cavanna Giovanna ◽  
Piva Gianfranco
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Vitro Data ◽  
In Vitro Data ◽  
Intestinal Digestibility

Differences in microbial fermentation of barley straw induced by its treatment with anhydrous ammonia

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fondevila ◽  
G. Muñoz ◽  
C. Castrillo ◽  
F. Vicente ◽  
S. M. Martín-Orúe
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Microbial Fermentation ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe effect of ammonia treatment of straw on both the rumen environment and the extent of its microbial fermentation was studied. Four rumen cannulated sheep were randomly given 700 g/day of untreated straw plus urea (US), ammonia-treated straw (TS) and alfalfa hay (AH) in a change-over design with three periods. Rumen pH was lower and ammonia-nitrogen and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were higher (P < 0·001) with AH than with US or TS. With the straw diets, TS promoted a lower pH than US (P < 0·05), but differences were less than 0·3 units and the mean pH was never below 6·5. There were no differences between the straw diets in ammonia-nitrogen or VFA concentration (P > 0·05). When untreated barley straw (BS) and treated straw (TS) were incubated in situ disappearance of dry matter (dDM) at 12, 24 and 48 h (P < 0·01) and neutral-detergent fibre (dNDF) at 48 h (P < 0·001) were higher with TS. In vitro incubation showed a higher gas production with TS only after 36 h (P < 0·05) whereas gas from BS fermentation was higher up to 14 h (P < 0·05). Among diets, dDM, dNDF and gas production with US were numerically higher than with TS or AH throughout, although few significant differences were observed, except for a higher dDM at 12 (P < 0·01) and 24 (P < 0·10) h and a higher dNDF at 12 h (P < 0·10). Particle-associated enzymes were extracted from BS and TS incubated in the rumen for 4, 8, 22 and 24 h. Results ofxylanase and cellulase activities support those of straw incubation, with a drop between 4 and 8 h in TS diet. The concentration of residual phenolics per unit of incubated straws after 12 and 24 h show that phenolics release to the media was higher with the TS diet. Daily changes of phenolic concentration into rumen liquid was also higher with TS than with US (P < 0·001). The increased release of straw phenolics by ammoniation reduced the potential for rumen degradation of straw, mainly in the first hours of the fermentation period.

scholarly journals Comparison of the nutrient content and in situ degradability of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) and alfalfa hays

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 993-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Mir ◽  
Z. Mir ◽  
L. Townley-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
Proximate And Mineral Composition

Mature fenugreek and alfalfa were harvested as hay and compared with alfalfa cut at 10% bloom on the basis of proximate and mineral composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in situ degradation characteristics. IVDMD of fenugreek was 73.1%, which was the highest (P < 0.05). The dry matter degradation characteristics in the rumen of fenugreek and alfalfa cut at 10% bloom were similar. These results suggest that mature fenugreek hay was comparable in nutrient content and digestibility to early cut alfalfa. Key words: Fenugreek, alfalfa, in vitro digestibility, in situ rumen degradation, nylon bag

The impact of particle size on the rate and extent of in vitro fermentation investigated using the Reading Pressure Technique

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 61-61
Author(s):  
F.L. Mould ◽  
D. Colombatto ◽  
E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Short Term ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
The Impact

The extent of rumen degradability of a feedstuff depends on the interaction between rate of degradation and residence time. In situ techniques require that substrates are ground to obtain a homogenous sample and to reduce result variability. However undegraded feed particle losses increase with bag pore size and fineness of grinding. If these particles are degraded at a similar or lower rate than the retained material, degradability, especially for short-term incubations, will be overestimated. In contrast if the feed particles lost are more readily degraded the degradability measurements obtained will be unaffected. Where improvements due to grinding have been recorded in situ these are assumed to result from variations in the proportion of fine particles that are immediately soluble or rapidly degradable. Gas-based in vitro feed evaluation systems offer the possibility of quantifying this effect directly and a study was therefore conducted to investigate the impact of particle size on the rate and extent of fermentation using the Reading Pressure Technique (Mauricio et al., 1999).

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