scholarly journals Distribution of injected fat-soluble vitamins in plasma and tissues of nursery pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1985-1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Dal Jang ◽  
Mikayla J. Rotering ◽  
Paige K. Isensee ◽  
Kirsten A. Rinholen ◽  
Carli J. Boston-Denton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Vitamin Status ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin ◽  
Plasma Retinol ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of fat-soluble vitamin injection on plasma and tissue vitamin status in nursery pigs.Methods: A total of 16 pigs (initial body weight: 7.15±1.1 kg) were allotted to 2 treatments at d 7 post-weaning. Pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet with no supplemental vitamin A and i.m. injected with 300,000 IU of retinyl palmitate, 900 IU of d-α-tocopherol and 30,000 IU of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> with control pigs having no vitamin injection. Blood (d 0, 3, 7, and 14 post-injection) and tissue samples (liver, brain, heart, lung, and muscle; d 7 and 14 post-injection) were collected from pigs. Retinyl palmitate, retinol, and α-tocopherol concentrations were analyzed in plasma and tissues, while plasma was assayed for 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD<sub>3</sub>).Results: Plasma retinol and 25-OHD<sub>3</sub> concentrations increased by the vitamin injection from d 3 to 14 post-injection (p<0.05) whereas plasma retinyl palmitate was detected only in the vitamin treatment at d 3 and 7 post-injection (115.51 and 4.97 μg/mL, respectively). Liver retinol, retinyl palmitate, and retinol+retinyl palmitate concentrations increased by retinyl palmitate injection at d 7 and 14 post-injection (p<0.05) whereas those were not detected in the other tissues. The d-α-tocopherol injection increased α-tocopherol concentrations in plasma at d 3 and 7 post-injection (p<0.05) and in liver, heart (p<0.10), and muscle (p<0.05) at d 7 post-injection.Conclusion: Fat-soluble vitamin injection increased plasma status of α-tocopherol, retinol, retinyl palmitate and 25-OHD<sub>3</sub>. As plasma levels decreased post-injection, vitamin A level in liver and vitamin E level in muscle, heart and liver increased. The α-tocopherol found in plasma after injection was distributed to various tissues but retinyl palmitate only to the liver.

scholarly journals PSI-5 Effects of fat-soluble vitamin injection on plasma and tissue vitamin concentrations in nursery pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 247-247
Author(s):  
Paige Isensee ◽  
Mikayla Rotering ◽  
Kirsten Rinholen ◽  
Paige Kelley ◽  
Carli Boston-Denton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins ◽  
Tissue Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin E Status ◽  
25 Hydroxycholecalciferol

Abstract An experiment was conducted to investigate distribution of injected fat-soluble vitamins in plasma and tissue of nursery pigs. A total of 16 pigs were allotted to 2 treatments at d 7 post-weaning and fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet with no supplemental vitamin A. Treatments were control (no vitamins) and intramuscular injection with 3 mL VITAL E-A+D (STUARTPRODUCTS, Inc.) containing retinyl palmitate (RP; 300,000 IU), d-α-tocopherol (900 IU), and vitamin D3 (30,000 IU). All pigs were bled at d 0, 3, 7, and 14 post-injection and tissue samples were collected at d 7 and 14 post-injection (3 pigs/treatment). Data were analyzed by MIXED procedure of SAS. Plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (3.44 vs. 71.00 ng/mL at d 3 post-injection) and retinol (0.09 vs. 0.18 µg/mL at d 3 post-injection) concentrations increased from d 3 to 14 post-injection (P < 0.05). Plasma RP was detected only in the vitamin treatment at d 3 and 7 post-injection (115.51 and 4.97 µg/mL, respectively). Liver retinol (0.63 vs. 19.10 µg/g at d 7 post-injection) and RP (43.33 vs. 199.13 µg/g at d 7 post-injection) concentrations increased at d 7 and 14 post-injection (P < 0.05) whereas those were not detected in the other tissues. The α-tocopherol concentrations increased in plasma (P < 0.05) at d 3 (0.99 vs. 17.14 µg/mL) and 7 post-injection and in liver (4.30 vs. 11.17 µg/g; P < 0.10), heart (4.60 vs. 24.80 µg/g; P < 0.10), and muscle (3.07 vs. 8.30 µg/g; P < 0.05) at d 7 post-injection. In conclusion, fat-soluble vitamin injection to nursery pigs increased plasma and liver status of α-tocopherol, retinol, and RP, and plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations. The α-tocopherol found in plasma post-injection was distributed to various tissues but RP only to the liver. Although plasma levels decreased post-injection, levels in liver increased for vitamins A and E, and vitamin E status was increased in all other tissues except brain.

scholarly journals Retinol homeostasis in lambs given low and high intakes of vitamin A

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Donoghue ◽  
David S. Kronfeld ◽  
David Sklan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin ◽  
Retinyl Esters ◽  
Plasma Retinol ◽  
Retinol Concentration

1. Four groups of lambs were fed on a low-carotene basal diet. One group received no supplemental vitamin A (mildly deficient). Remaining groups were supplemented daily with vitamin A acetate equivalent to 100 (control) 9000 (mildly intoxicated) and 18000 (severely intoxicated) μg retinol/kg body-weight. After 16 weeks lambs received a bolus of[15−3H]retinol intravenously; blood, urine and faeces were sampled for 48 h.2. Plasma retinol was complexed to a protein of 20000 molecular weight (MW), which in turn was complexed to a protein of 65000 MW; these proteins correspond respectively to retinol-binding protein and prealbumin. Plasma retinol concentration reached plateau values in intoxicated lambs, but plasma retinyl ester concentrations increased rapidly when liver contents of both retinol and retinyl esters exceeded approximately 10 and 100 mg respectively and kidney contents of both retinol and retinyl esters exceeded 30 μg. Labelled compounds, more polar than retinol, were found in plasma; their concentration increased tenfold in intoxicated lambs within 48 h.3. Plasma retinol transport rates were 0·1, 10·5 and 11·8 times control values, and clearance rates were 0·3, 14·1 and 14·3 times control values in mildly-deficient, and mildly- or severely-intoxicated lambs respectively. Turnover of retinol increased rapidly when liver contents of retinol and retinyl esters exceeded approximately 10 and 100 mg respectively and kidney contents of both retinol and retinyl esters exceeded approximately 30 μg. Plasma clearance of retinyl esters was unchanged with intake. Faecal excretion of tracer increased linearly with plasma retinol clearance.4. Our findings identify, several variables that appear to be involved in retinol homeostasis, including plasma retinol clearance and excretion.

scholarly journals The biological activities of vitamin A acetate and vitamin A palmitate: experiments with chickens.

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
L. Bolhuis ◽  
K. Kortenoeven
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Retinyl Acetate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Liver Vitamin

In the first experiment, 250 unsexed day-old chickens were given for 7 days a diet low in vitamin A based on white maize and soya bean meal. Then 100 chickens were given a single dose of 11, 960 IU retinyl acetate or 11, 510 IU retinyl palmitate and 50 were not dosed. After 68 h lots of 10 pooled livers were analysed for vitamin A. The birds given acetate had more vitamin A in the liver and a higher proportion of the dose stored than the palmitate groups, but the differences were not significant. In experiment 2 the sexes were equally divided within groups and the birds were similarly dosed. After 72 h liver vitamin A was significantly higher in groups given the acetate. In experiment 3 male and female chickens were separated and groups of each were given either the acetate or the palmitate ester. Vitamin A was measured in the liver after 3 days and after 4, 6, 7 and 8 weeks. It was significantly more in acetate-treated groups at 3 days and at 4 weeks. Compared with males, females had significantly greater vitamin A stores at 6, 7 and 8 weeks in groups given acetate and at 7 weeks in groups given palmitate. The next experiment was similar, but the basal diet contained 7-5 IU retinyl acetate in dry stabilised form and measurements were continued to 9 and 11 weeks. There was no significant difference in vitamin A stores between sexes or esters, or between dosed and non-dosed groups. Stores of vitamin A rose rapidly during the entire period. In experiments 5 and 6 male broiler chickens were given for 8 weeks the basal diet with 7.5 IU retinyl acetate or palmitate per g. Lots of 3 different body-weight ranges were taken from each treatment and liver vitamin A was measured. No significant effects of treatment on stores or bodyweight were found in either trial. In one trial liver weights were significantly higher in the acetate groups and the combined results showed significantly greater vitamin A stores in groups given acetate.-G. F. H. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Plasma Retinol Assay by Elution from Silicic Acid with Cymene (p-Isopropyl Toluene)

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 977-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Dennis Pollack ◽  
George M Owen ◽  
Philip J Garry ◽  
Donna Clark
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Silicic Acid ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Chromatographic Technique ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plasma Retinol

Abstract We developed a microcolumn adsorption chromatographic technique for assay of plasma retinol. A petroleum ether extract of plasma was fractionated on silicic acid, to isolate retinol. The first eluent, petroleum ether, removed "unidentified fluorescent contaminant" (UFC); the second eluent, cyclohexene, removed traces of UFC and retinyl palmitate. Retinol was eluted by the third eluent, cymeme (p-isopropyl toluene). No recognized plasma vitamin A derivatives, other than retinol, were detectable in the cymene eluate. With the procedure, we could detect a minimum concentration of 7 µg of retinol per deciliter of plasma. Sixty-six plasmas from preschool children were assayed by our "cymene assay," and by the Neeld—Pearson modification of the Carr—Price procedure, the method of Thompson et al., and the column assay of Garry et al. Results by the latter three procedures were similar (P &gt;0.025): the mean plasma retinol ranged from 29.4 to 31.2 (SD, ± 5.8 to 7.4) µg/dl. By the present assay the same samples contained 24.5 (SD, ± 6.8) µg/dl; significantly more was detected by the other procedures (P &lt;0.001). This difference (16-22%) between the cymene assay for retinol and other assays for total vitamin A may reflect, in part, the concentration of other vitamin A derivatives in plasma.

Effect of Citric Pectin on beta-Carotene Bioavailability in Rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Zanutto ◽  
Alceu Jordão Júnior ◽  
Mônica Meirelles ◽  
Rosa Fávaro ◽  
Hélio Vannucchi
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Retinol ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Retinol Concentration

The effect of citric pectin on the bioavailability of synthetic beta-carotene was studied. Thirty Wistar rats were used, ten animals were sacrificed at the beginning of the experiment and remaining animals were divided into two groups and received the following diets for 30 days: control group (CG) – 24 mg beta-carotene/g diet + 0% citric pectin; experimental group (EG) – 24 mugbeta-carotene/g diet + 7% citric pectin. Plasma and liver beta-carotene, vitamin A, and retinyl palmitate concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Plasma retinol concentration was 1.42 ± 0.36 mumol/L for CG and 1.10 ± 0.24 mumol/L for EG (p = 0.1), and plasma beta-carotene concentration was 0.20 ± 2.51 mumol/L for CG and 0.07 ± 0.04 µumol/L for EG (p = 0.01). Only traces of retinyl palmitate were detected in CG and none in EG. Retinol did not differ significantly between groups CG and EG, while a significantly higher beta-carotene concentration was observed for CG. Liver concentrations of retinol (CG: 4.90 ± 2.51 µug/g; EG: 2.68 ± 1.12 µug/g), beta-carotene (CG: 0.98 ± 0.28 µug/g; EG: 0.11 ± 0.06 µug/g), and retinyl palmitate (CG: 95.47 ± 45.13 µug/g, EG: 37.01 ± 17.20 µug/g) differed significantly between groups (p < 0.05), with a lower concentration being observed for EG. We conclude that 7% citric pectin in the rat diet decreases the bioavailability of synthetic beta-carotene, reducing the liver reserves of vitamin A and beta-carotene.

scholarly journals STORAGE OF RETINOIDS AND BETA-CAROTENE IN THE GENITAL ORGANS OF JAPANESE QUAIL

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamária Kerti ◽  
L. Bárdos
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Retinyl Acetate ◽  
Maturation Period ◽  
Japanese Quails

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of a one-month feeding of retinyl acetate (RA) on the retinol (ROL), retinyl palmitate (RP) and (-carotene (BC) levels in the blood, testicles and ovarian follicles of adult Japanese quails. The basal diet (containing vitamin A at 10 × 103IU/kg) was supplemented with 100 ×, 500 × and 1000 × 103IU/kg RA in Groups I, II and III in both sexes. Plasma vitamin A levels rose in all groups. The elevations were caused basically by the RP fraction. The ROL concentration increased only slightly, indicating saturation of the blood binding/transport system. Plasma BC was depressed in both sexes. RA feeding resulted in high RP concentration in the genital organs (testicles and ovarian follicles), indicating subclinical hypervitaminosis, while the BC content of genital organs decreased considerably. The retinoid and BC concentration of ovarian follicles (F1-F5) was in the same range, indicating continuous retinoid and carotene transport during the fast maturation period. Retinoid content of the genital organs was higher in layers than in roosters. BC deposition was decreased both in the testicles and in the follicles, indicating a competition between RP and BC for the storage capacity of organs.

The association between maternal fat-soluble vitamin concentrations during pregnancy and infant birth weight in China

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Wangxing Yang ◽  
Mingyuan Jiao ◽  
Lei Xi ◽  
Na Han ◽  
Shusheng Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Vitamin Status ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins ◽  
Infant Birth

Abstract Fat-soluble vitamins during pregnancy are important for fetal growth and development. The present study aimed at exploring the association between vitamin A, E and D status during pregnancy and birth weight. A total of 19 640 women with singleton deliveries from a retrospective study were included. Data were collected by the hospital electronic information system. Maternal serum vitamin A, E and D concentrations were measured during pregnancy. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the association between the vitamin status and low birth weight (LBW) or macrosomia. Women with excessive vitamin E were more likely to have macrosomia (OR 1·30, 95 % CI 1·07, 1·59) compared with adequate concentration. When focusing on Z scores, there was a positive association between vitamin E and macrosomia in the first (OR 1·07, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·14), second (OR 1·27, 95 % CI 1·11, 1·46) and third (OR 1·28, 95 % CI 1·06, 1·54) trimesters; vitamin A was positively associated with LBW in the first (OR 1·14, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·29), second (OR 1·31, 95 % CI 1·05, 1·63) and third (OR 2·00, 95 % CI 1·45, 2·74) trimesters and negatively associated with macrosomia in the second (OR 0·79, 95 % CI 0·70, 0·89) and third (OR 0·77, 95 % CI 0·62, 0·95) trimesters. The study identified that high concentrations of vitamin E are associated with macrosomia. Maintaining a moderate concentration of vitamin A during pregnancy might be beneficial to achieve optimal birth weight. Further studies to explore the mechanism of above associations are warranted.

scholarly journals Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats is associated with impaired metabolic availability of vitamin A (retinol)

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Tuitoek ◽  
S. Ziari ◽  
A. T. C. Tsin ◽  
R. V. Rajotte ◽  
Miyoung Suh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Retinol ◽  
Retinol Concentration

Using streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats, studies were carried out to examine the metabolic availability of vitamin A in the plasma, liver and the retina of the eye. Control and diabetic rats were fedad lib. on a semi-purified diet either with or without (basal) vitamin A supplementation, or pair-fed on the basal diet for 4 weeks. Despite the fact that diabeticrats consumed 48% more feed, they had lower plasma concentrations of retinol (P<0·003). The decrease in plasma retinol concentration was a response to diabetes (or diabetes-induced trauma), since neither pair-feeding (P<0·01) nor vitamin A supplementation altered this effect (P<0·05). Furthermore, the hepatic concentrations of the vitamin in these animals remained elevated and this increase was greater in the supplemented diabetic group (P<0·001). Decreases in 11-cis retinal (a component of rhodopsin) concentrations in the retina were also observed in diabetic animals. The increased hepatic and the decreased plasma and retina vitamin Alevels suggest a defect in the transport of the vitamin from the liver.

scholarly journals Uptake of vitamin A in buccal mucosal cells after topical application of retinyl palmitate: a randomised, placebo-controlled and double-blind trial

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Sobeck ◽  
A. Fischer ◽  
H. K. Biesalski
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Double Blind Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Mucosal Epithelium ◽  
Blind Trial ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Plasma Retinol

Retinoids have been reported to produce regressions in metaplastic changes of the mucosal epithelium. In order to define the role of these micronutrients in the prevention of squamous metaplasia of the oral cavity, it is necessary to measure their uptake in target tissues such as the buccal mucosal epithelium. We demonstrated in a trial that retinyl palmitate applied topically via a toothpaste is taken up by buccal mucosal cells in young healthy volunteers. In the randomised, parallel-designed, placebo-controlled and double-blind trial, forty volunteers divided in two groups cleaned their teeth either with a placebo toothpaste or a retinyl palmitate-containing toothpaste (1 mg/g) for 56 d. Buccal mucosal cells samples were taken from the healthy volunteers during the retinyl palmitate application and the following wash-out phase to determine the concentration of retinyl palmitate and retinol by HPLC. Supplementary blood samples were taken from the volunteers on days 0 and 56 to investigate changes in plasma retinyl palmitate and retinol concentrations. Results from only thirty participants (sixteen placebo and fourteen treated subjects) were used in the statistical evaluation as the remaining sample results were spoiled by a technical defect during the HPLC analysis. A significant (P<0·05) uptake of retinyl palmitate in buccal mucosal cells after 7 d and a significant (P<0·05) increase of plasma retinol after 17 d was demonstrated in our present study. The uptake of retinyl palmitate and the following hydrolysis to retinol led to an enrichment of vitamin A in buccal mucosal cells.

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