Effect of Narrow- band UVB on serum and tissue vitamin D level in vitiligo

Background Immunologic background of vitiligo, role of vitamin D on its pathogenesis, role of NB-UVB on its treatment and its stimulatory effect NB-UVB on VDR expression are challenging area of research. The current study will focus on evaluating the effect of NB-UVB on serum and tissue level of vitamin D in vitiligo patients and correlating it with the degree of improvement. Aim of the study The aim of the present study is to evaluate and compare the serum and tissue vitamin D level in vitiligo patients before and after NB- UVB therapy and correlate them together and with the degree of improvement. Patients and methods A case-control study included 16 vitiligo patients and 16 age and sex matched healthy controls. All patients will be examined by one dermatologist (demonstrating the extent of depigmentation according to rule of nines), and photographs will be taken before and after phototherapy to be evaluated by two different dermatologists to document the extent of repigmentation. Estimation of serum level of vitamin D by ELISA Results Five of the 15 patients achieved more than 55% repigmentation; the mean duration of disease was 13 months. The remaining 10 patients had 30% - 40% repigmentation.

Vitamin D, Its Role in Recovery after Muscular Damage Following Exercise

Aside from its role in bone metabolism, vitamin D is a key immunomodulatory micronutrient. The active form of vitamin D (1,25(OH)D) seems to modulate the innate immune system through different mechanisms. The vitamin is involved in the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages, increasing the phagocytic and chemotactic functions of these cells. At the same time, vitamin D enables efferocytosis and prevents immunopathology. In addition, vitamin D is involved in other processes related to immune function, such as inflammation. Regarding muscle tissue, vitamin D plays an active role in muscle inflammatory response, protein synthesis, and regulation of skeletal muscle function. Two mechanisms have been proposed: A direct role of 1,25(OH)D binding to vitamin D receptors (VDRs) in muscle cells and the modulation of calcium transport in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This second mechanism needs additional investigation. In conclusion, vitamin D seems to be effective in cases of deficiency and/or if there is a great muscular commitment, such as in high intensity exercises.

Vitamin D in human serum and adipose tissue after supplementation

ABSTRACT Background Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration is an indicator of vitamin D exposure, but it is also influenced by clinical characteristics that affect 25(OH)D production and clearance. Vitamin D is the precursor to 25(OH)D but is analytically challenging to measure in biological specimens. Objectives We aimed to develop and validate a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for quantification of vitamins D3 and D2 in serum and to explore the potential of circulating vitamin D as a biomarker of exposure in supplementation trials. Methods The method was validated using guideline C62-A from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and was applied in 2 pilot clinical trials of oral vitamin D3 supplementation. Pilot study 1 included 22 adults randomly assigned to placebo or 2000 IU/d. Blood was collected at baseline, 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo. Pilot study 2 included 15 adults randomly assigned to 2000 or 4000 IU/d. Blood and subcutaneous (SUBQ) adipose tissue were collected at baseline and 3 mo. Results In study 1, mean change (baseline to 3 mo) in serum vitamin D3 was −0.1 ng/mL in the placebo group and 6.8 ng/mL in the 2000 IU/d group (absolute difference: 6.9; 95% CI: 4.5, 9.3 ng/mL). In study 2, mean change (baseline to 3 mo) in serum vitamin D3 was 10.4 ng/mL in the 2000 IU/d group and 22.2 ng/mL in the 4000 IU/d group (fold difference: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.40, 3.37). Serum and adipose tissue vitamin D3 concentrations were correlated, and the dose-response of vitamin D3 in adipose mirrored that in serum. Conclusions We validated a sensitive, robust, and high-throughput LC-MS/MS method to quantify vitamins D3 and D2 in serum. Serum and SUBQ adipose tissue vitamin D3 concentrations increased proportionally to dose with 3 mo of daily supplementation. These trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00552409 (pilot study 1) and NCT01477034 (pilot study 2).

Vitamin D₃ levels in the maternal serum, cord blood, and placenta of preeclamptic pregnant women

BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is affected by oxidative stress, a free-radical produced as a by-product of endothelial damage, and antioxidant imbalance, such as vitamin D₃. This study was aimed to compare the vitamin D₃ levels in the placenta, cord blood, and maternal serum between patients with and without preeclampsia. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 86 patients from Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Tangerang District Hospital, in which 47 had preeclampsia (13 early-onset and 16 late-onset preeclampsia cases) and 39 had no preeclampsia. The placenta, cord blood, and maternal serum were taken after labor, then were analyzed according to preeclampsia and non-preeclampsia; furthermore, the preeclampsia group was analyzed in a subgroup of early- and late-onset preeclampsia. This is analyzed with either unpaired t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, or Kruskal–Wallis test. RESULTS The maternal serum, cord blood, and placental tissue vitamin D₃ levels (16.30 [6.20–49.00], 11.80 [3.50–38.60], and 49.00 [22.00–411.00] ng/ml, respectively) of the preeclampsia group were similar to those of the non-preeclampsia group (13.50 [4.80– 29.20], 11.70 [1.00–28.80], and 43.40 [11.80–153.00] ng/ml, respectively) (p = 0.459, 0.964, and 0.354, respectively). However, the placental tissue vitamin D₃ levels in early-onset preeclampsia (79.00 [36.00–411.00] ng/ml) were higher than those in late-onset preeclampsia (40.00 [22.00–171.00] ng/ml) (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS The vitamin D₃ levels between patients with and without preeclampsia were similar. However, the placental tissue vitamin D₃ levels in early-onset preeclampsia were higher than those in late-onset preeclampsia, possibly because of the different pathophysiology between early- and late-onset preeclampsia.

PSI-5 Effects of fat-soluble vitamin injection on plasma and tissue vitamin concentrations in nursery pigs

An experiment was conducted to investigate distribution of injected fat-soluble vitamins in plasma and tissue of nursery pigs. A total of 16 pigs were allotted to 2 treatments at d 7 post-weaning and fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet with no supplemental vitamin A. Treatments were control (no vitamins) and intramuscular injection with 3 mL VITAL E-A+D (STUARTPRODUCTS, Inc.) containing retinyl palmitate (RP; 300,000 IU), d-α-tocopherol (900 IU), and vitamin D3 (30,000 IU). All pigs were bled at d 0, 3, 7, and 14 post-injection and tissue samples were collected at d 7 and 14 post-injection (3 pigs/treatment). Data were analyzed by MIXED procedure of SAS. Plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (3.44 vs. 71.00 ng/mL at d 3 post-injection) and retinol (0.09 vs. 0.18 µg/mL at d 3 post-injection) concentrations increased from d 3 to 14 post-injection (P < 0.05). Plasma RP was detected only in the vitamin treatment at d 3 and 7 post-injection (115.51 and 4.97 µg/mL, respectively). Liver retinol (0.63 vs. 19.10 µg/g at d 7 post-injection) and RP (43.33 vs. 199.13 µg/g at d 7 post-injection) concentrations increased at d 7 and 14 post-injection (P < 0.05) whereas those were not detected in the other tissues. The α-tocopherol concentrations increased in plasma (P < 0.05) at d 3 (0.99 vs. 17.14 µg/mL) and 7 post-injection and in liver (4.30 vs. 11.17 µg/g; P < 0.10), heart (4.60 vs. 24.80 µg/g; P < 0.10), and muscle (3.07 vs. 8.30 µg/g; P < 0.05) at d 7 post-injection. In conclusion, fat-soluble vitamin injection to nursery pigs increased plasma and liver status of α-tocopherol, retinol, and RP, and plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations. The α-tocopherol found in plasma post-injection was distributed to various tissues but RP only to the liver. Although plasma levels decreased post-injection, levels in liver increased for vitamins A and E, and vitamin E status was increased in all other tissues except brain.

58 Feed, feeding levels, and tissue analytics of vitamins: Observations from the field

Targeted vitamin inclusion rates within swine diets are typically at levels 2–7 times that of the known published requirements. These increased rates are mainly looked at as an “insurance policy” since very little vitamin research has been conducted in the last two decades and swine growth rates and reproductive traits have increased substantially during this same time. When production issues such as broken bones, downer animals, or sudden deaths occur, vitamin analysis is commonly done on feed, serum, or tissue samples. This discussion will shed light on observations around vitamin analytics that include variation due concentration within product, lab-to-lab variation, and within lab variation. In addition to discrepancies found in feed, serum and liver sample vitamin analytics do not seem to present a clear picture. Across multiple phases of production, these analysis consistently fall well below what would be considered to be reference values that are reported by diagnostic labs. This occurs not only in sick animals but also in animals that appear to be in perfect health and are consuming adequate levels of feed. In order to determine the impact of vitamin supplementation on performance and serum/tissue vitamin status, five trials across sows, nursery, and grow-finish swine were conducted. The goal of these trials is not to determine the various vitamin requirements, but to begin the conversation in order to help establish new reference values that are applicable to today’s genetics, vitamin supplementation levels, and rearing environments. Hopefully this presentation will lead to further questions and discussions within the industry regarding level of vitamin supplementation and the subsequent impacts on performance and serum/tissue vitamin status.