Evaluation of supplemental vitamin A and E on 56-day growth performance, dietary net energy, and plasma retinol and tocopherol concentrations in Holstein steer calves

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 510-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Salinas-Chavira ◽  
A.A. Arrizon ◽  
A. Barreras ◽  
C.Z. Chen ◽  
A. Plascencia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin ◽  
Plasma Retinol

scholarly journals Retinol homeostasis in lambs given low and high intakes of vitamin A

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Donoghue ◽  
David S. Kronfeld ◽  
David Sklan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin ◽  
Retinyl Esters ◽  
Plasma Retinol ◽  
Retinol Concentration

1. Four groups of lambs were fed on a low-carotene basal diet. One group received no supplemental vitamin A (mildly deficient). Remaining groups were supplemented daily with vitamin A acetate equivalent to 100 (control) 9000 (mildly intoxicated) and 18000 (severely intoxicated) μg retinol/kg body-weight. After 16 weeks lambs received a bolus of[15−3H]retinol intravenously; blood, urine and faeces were sampled for 48 h.2. Plasma retinol was complexed to a protein of 20000 molecular weight (MW), which in turn was complexed to a protein of 65000 MW; these proteins correspond respectively to retinol-binding protein and prealbumin. Plasma retinol concentration reached plateau values in intoxicated lambs, but plasma retinyl ester concentrations increased rapidly when liver contents of both retinol and retinyl esters exceeded approximately 10 and 100 mg respectively and kidney contents of both retinol and retinyl esters exceeded 30 μg. Labelled compounds, more polar than retinol, were found in plasma; their concentration increased tenfold in intoxicated lambs within 48 h.3. Plasma retinol transport rates were 0·1, 10·5 and 11·8 times control values, and clearance rates were 0·3, 14·1 and 14·3 times control values in mildly-deficient, and mildly- or severely-intoxicated lambs respectively. Turnover of retinol increased rapidly when liver contents of retinol and retinyl esters exceeded approximately 10 and 100 mg respectively and kidney contents of both retinol and retinyl esters exceeded approximately 30 μg. Plasma clearance of retinyl esters was unchanged with intake. Faecal excretion of tracer increased linearly with plasma retinol clearance.4. Our findings identify, several variables that appear to be involved in retinol homeostasis, including plasma retinol clearance and excretion.

scholarly journals Distribution of injected fat-soluble vitamins in plasma and tissues of nursery pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1985-1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Dal Jang ◽  
Mikayla J. Rotering ◽  
Paige K. Isensee ◽  
Kirsten A. Rinholen ◽  
Carli J. Boston-Denton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Vitamin Status ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin ◽  
Plasma Retinol ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of fat-soluble vitamin injection on plasma and tissue vitamin status in nursery pigs.Methods: A total of 16 pigs (initial body weight: 7.15±1.1 kg) were allotted to 2 treatments at d 7 post-weaning. Pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet with no supplemental vitamin A and i.m. injected with 300,000 IU of retinyl palmitate, 900 IU of d-α-tocopherol and 30,000 IU of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> with control pigs having no vitamin injection. Blood (d 0, 3, 7, and 14 post-injection) and tissue samples (liver, brain, heart, lung, and muscle; d 7 and 14 post-injection) were collected from pigs. Retinyl palmitate, retinol, and α-tocopherol concentrations were analyzed in plasma and tissues, while plasma was assayed for 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD<sub>3</sub>).Results: Plasma retinol and 25-OHD<sub>3</sub> concentrations increased by the vitamin injection from d 3 to 14 post-injection (p<0.05) whereas plasma retinyl palmitate was detected only in the vitamin treatment at d 3 and 7 post-injection (115.51 and 4.97 μg/mL, respectively). Liver retinol, retinyl palmitate, and retinol+retinyl palmitate concentrations increased by retinyl palmitate injection at d 7 and 14 post-injection (p<0.05) whereas those were not detected in the other tissues. The d-α-tocopherol injection increased α-tocopherol concentrations in plasma at d 3 and 7 post-injection (p<0.05) and in liver, heart (p<0.10), and muscle (p<0.05) at d 7 post-injection.Conclusion: Fat-soluble vitamin injection increased plasma status of α-tocopherol, retinol, retinyl palmitate and 25-OHD<sub>3</sub>. As plasma levels decreased post-injection, vitamin A level in liver and vitamin E level in muscle, heart and liver increased. The α-tocopherol found in plasma after injection was distributed to various tissues but retinyl palmitate only to the liver.

159 Evaluation of Bacillus Subtilis PB6 Probiotic (CLOSTAT® 500) on Feedlot Phase Growth Performance, Efficiency of Dietary Net Energy Utilization, and Fecal and Subiliac Lymph Node Salmonella Prevalence

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 119-120
Author(s):  
Zachary K Smith ◽  
Paul Rand R Broadway ◽  
Keith Underwood ◽  
Warren C Rusche ◽  
Julie Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Fecal Samples

Abstract Yearling beef steers (n = 238; initial BW=402 ± 31.2 kg) were used to evaluate a Bacillus subtilis probiotic on growth performance, dietary net energy (NE) utilization, carcass characteristics, and fecal and subiliac lymph node Salmonella prevalence during a 140-d finishing period. Steers were allotted to 24 pens (n = 9 to 10 steers/pen) and assigned to one of two treatments (12 pens/treatment): no probiotic (CON) or 0.50 g·steer-1·d-1 of a Bacillus subtilis PB6 probiotic (CLOSTAT® 500, Kemin Industries, Des Moines, IA; CLO). Steers were transitioned to a 90% concentrate diet (DM basis) over 14-d. Steers were fed once daily at 0700 h; bunks were managed according to a slick bunk management. Fecal samples were collected on d 1, 28, 56, 112, and 140 from each pen (n = 5 steers/pen) via rectal palpation and composited by pen for determination of Salmonella prevalence. Upon harvest, subiliac lymph nodes were obtained from 60 steers in CON and 57 steers in CLO. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design; pen was the experimental unit; α of 0.05 determined significance. No differences were detected (P ≥ 0.25) between treatments for live or carcass-adjusted average daily gain, dry matter intake, gain efficiency, dietary NE utilization, nor calculated dietary NE content based upon performance. No differences were detected between treatments for any carcass traits (P ≥ 0.15). Salmonella was not recovered in any fecal samples except on d 112, where steers from CLO had a numerically lower (P = 0.17; 8.3 vs. 25.0%) incidence of fecal Salmonella compared to CON and on d 140 fecal, where Salmonella incidence did not differ (P = 0.34; 0.0 vs. 8.3%) for CON and CLO, respectively. Salmonella was not recovered in any subiliac lymph nodes. These data indicate that CLO did not influence growth performance or Salmonella prevalence.

PSX-B-5 Effect of replacement of dry-rolled corn with un-processed rye on growth performance, efficiency of dietary net energy utilization, and carcass traits of finishing heifers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 458-459
Author(s):  
Keith M Buckhaus ◽  
Warren C Rusche ◽  
Zachary K Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Finishing Diets

Abstract Continental × British beef heifers were used in a randomized complete block design experiment to evaluate the effects of replacing dry-rolled corn with unprocessed rye on growth performance, efficiency of dietary net energy (NE) utilization, and carcass trait responses in finishing heifers. Heifers (n = 56; 433 ± 34.0 kg) were transported 241 km from a regional sale barn to the Ruminant Nutrition Center in Brookings, SD. Heifers were blocked by weight grouping and then allotted to pens (n = 7 heifers/pen and 4 pens/treatment). Treatments included a finishing diet that contained 60% grain (DM basis) as dry-rolled corn (DRC) or unprocessed rye grain (RYE). On d 14, heifers were consuming the final diet and were implanted with 200 mg of trenbolone acetate and 28 mg of estradiol benzoate (Synovex-Plus, Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ). RYE heifers had decreased (P ≤ 0.01) final body weight, average daily gain, and gain efficiency; but tended (P = 0.08) to have a greater dry matter intake compared to DRC. RYE had decreased (P ≤ 0.01) observed dietary NE and decreased (P ≤ 0.01) observed-to-expected dietary NE ratio for maintenance and gain compared to DRC. Dressing percentage, 12th rib fat thickness, ribeye area, and the distribution of USDA yield and quality grades were not altered (P ≥ 0.12) by diet. Hot carcass weight, yield grade, estimated empty body fat (EBF), and body weight at 28% EBF decreased (P ≤ 0.02) and retail yield increased (P= 0.01) in RYE compared to DRC. These data indicate that unprocessed rye is a palatable feed ingredient for inclusion in finishing diets for beef cattle and that rye inclusion only minimally influences carcass quality. The feeding value of unprocessed rye is considerably less (21.4%) than that of dry-rolled corn using current standards and approximately 91% of the NE value of processed rye.

scholarly journals Amino acid requirements of pigs. 3. Requirement for apparent digestible threonine of pigs in different stages of growth.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3B) ◽  
pp. 609-622
Author(s):  
N.P. Lenis ◽  
J.T.M. van Diepen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids

Individual and group housed crossbred pigs 45 to 105 kg and 65 to 95 kg in experiments 1 and 2, respectively, were given basal diets with L-threonine 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 g/kg. Positive and negative control diets contained total threonine 5.7 and 4.5 g/kg, respectively. To prevent other amino acids being limiting, the negative control diet was supplemented with lysine, methionine, tryptophan, isoleucine, histidine and valine. The positive control diet was supplemented with lysine and methionine. The requirement for total threonine of growing-finishing pigs for maximum growth performance was about 5.6 g/kg in a diet containing net energy 9.4 MJ/kg. This figure corresponds with about 4.7 g/kg apparent faecal digestible threonine and 4.3 apparent ileal digestible threonine. There was no difference between the growing and the finishing pigs. The requirement for ileal digestible threonine, relative to ileal digestible lysine requirement, was about 64%. It is concluded that dietary protein can be reduced by 2 percentage units without any adverse effect on growth performance, if limiting amino acids are sufficiently supplemented. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Vitamin A Status of Steers as Influenced by Corn Silage Harvest Date and Supplemental Vitamin A

1971 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1233-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Martin ◽  
D. E. Ullrey ◽  
E. R. Miller ◽  
K. E. Kemp ◽  
M. R. Geasler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin

scholarly journals Evaluation of hybrid rye on growth performance, carcass traits, and efficiency of net energy utilization in finishing steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren C Rusche ◽  
Julie Ann Walker ◽  
Peter Sexton ◽  
Rebecca S Brattain ◽  
Zachary K Smith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Hybrid Rye

Abstract Crossbred beef steers with a high percentage of Angus ancestry [n = 240, initial shrunk body weight (BW), 404 ± 18.5 kg] were used in a 117-d feedlot experiment to evaluate the effect of hybrid rye (Rye; KWS Cereals USA, LLC, Champaign, IL) as a replacement for dry-rolled corn (DRC) on growth performance, carcass traits, and comparative net energy (NE) value in diets fed to finishing steers. Rye from a single hybrid (KWS Bono) with an ergot alkaloid concentration of 392 ppb was processed with a roller mill to a processing index (PI) of 78.8 ± 2.29. Four treatments were used in a completely randomized design (n = 6 pens/treatment; 10 steers/pen), where DRC (PI = 86.9 ± 4.19) was replaced by varying proportions of Rye [DRC:Rye, dry matter (DM) basis (60:0), (40:20), (20:40), and (0:60)]. Liver abscess scores and carcass characteristics were collected at the abattoir. Carcass-adjusted performance was calculated from hot carcass weight (HCW)/0.625. Performance-adjusted NE was calculated using carcass-adjusted average daily gain (ADG), DM intake (DMI), and mean equivalent shrunk BW with the comparative NE values for rye calculated using the replacement technique. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC) with pen as the experimental unit. Treatment effects were tested using linear and quadratic contrasts, as well as between diets with and without Rye. Replacing DRC with Rye linearly decreased (P ≤ 0.01) carcass-adjusted final BW, ADG, DMI, and gain:feed (G:F). Feeding rye linearly decreased HCW and longissimus muscle area (P ≤ 0.04). Distributions of liver scores and USDA grades for quality and yield were unaffected by treatment (P ≥ 0.09). Estimated replacement NE for maintenance (NEm) and gain (NEg) values for rye, when included at 60% of diet DM, were 1.90 and 1.25 Mcal/kg, respectively. Rye can be a suitable feed ingredient in finishing diets for feedlot steers. Estimated replacement values of Rye when fed at 60% of diet DM closely agreed with current tabular standards but, when included at 20% of diet DM, estimated NEm and NEg values of Rye were increased 9.5% and 12.8%, respectively. Net energy value of Rye for gain is approximately 84% compared to DRC; thus, the complete replacement of DRC with Rye depressed DMI, ADG, G:F, and carcass weight.

scholarly journals PSV-1 Effects of the protein level on growth performance and carcass grading in fattening pig fed ad libitum

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 223-224
Author(s):  
Arnaud Samson ◽  
Claire Launay ◽  
Francesc Payola ◽  
Eric Schetelat ◽  
Hervé Fortune
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Synthetic Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Reducing dietary crude protein (CP) with synthetic amino acids (AA) supplementation is beneficial for sustainable swine industry. However some discrepancies regarding the consequences on growth performance are observed. Therefore, this trial aimed to assess the effect of dietary CP level on growth performance of pigs from 35 to 113 kg BW. Growth performance of 63 pigs fed ad libitum and allocated to three groups (HH, MM and LL) was compared. Each group received one level of CP (‘H’ for High, ‘M’ for Medium and ‘L’ for Low) during growing (d0–d35) and finishing (d35–slaugther day) periods: 15.1%, 16.2%, 17.2% and 13.0%, 14.0%, 15.1% respectively. Diets were mostly based on wheat, corn and soybean meal. Within each feeding phase, diets were formulated to be similar in apparent total tract digestible phosphorus, net energy and standardized ileal digestible (SID) essential AA, the SID Lys levels being 0.95% and 0.78% during the growing and finishing period respectively. Data were analyzed using a linear model (R, 3.1.2) with individual as the experimental unit as feed intake, body weight and carcass grading were individually recorded. From d0 to d14 and from d35 to d63, average daily gain (ADG) and Growth:Feed ratio (G:F) were significantly reduced as the CP level decreased (P < 0.05) while average daily feed intake (ADFI) remained unaffected by the dietary treatments. From d14 to d35 and in late finishing period (d63-slaugther day), growth performance was not significantly affected by the dietary CP level. Over the 82-d of the experiment, G:F was significantly higher for ‘HH’ pigs (P < 0.01). Overall, ADG tended to be reduced as CP levels decreased (P = 0.10). There was no difference among treatments for parameters concerning carcass grading (lean meat percentage and meat yield). In conclusion, reducing CP levels while maintaining essential AA levels impaired growth performances of pigs.

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