scholarly journals Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy for people newly diagnosed with HIV infection in Australia: trends and predictors, 2004–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 (6) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamish McManus ◽  
Denton Callander ◽  
Basil Donovan ◽  
Darren B Russell ◽  
Catherine C O'Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Newly Diagnosed

scholarly journals B cells in early and chronic HIV infection: evidence for preservation of immune function associated with early initiation of antiretroviral therapy

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (25) ◽  
pp. 5571-5579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Moir ◽  
Clarisa M. Buckner ◽  
Jason Ho ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jenny Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Memory B Cells ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chronic Hiv Infection

Abstract Characterization of lymphocytes including B cells during early versus chronic HIV infection is important for understanding the impact of chronic viremia on immune cell function. In this setting, we investigated B cells before and after reduction of HIV plasma viremia by antiretroviral therapy (ART). At baseline, peripheral blood B-cell counts were significantly lower in both early and chronic HIV-infected individuals compared with uninfected controls. Similar to CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells, B-cell numbers in both groups increased significantly after ART. At baseline, B cells of early HIV-infected individuals were composed of a higher percentage of plasmablasts and resting memory B cells compared with chronic HIV-infected individuals whose B cells were composed of a higher percentage of immature/transitional and exhausted B cells compared with their early infection counterparts. At 1 year after ART, the percentage of resting memory B cells remained higher in early compared with chronic HIV-infected individuals. This difference translated into a better functional profile in that memory B-cell responses to HIV and non-HIV antigens were superior in early- compared with chronic-treated HIV infected individuals. These findings provide new insights on B cells in HIV infection and how early initiation of ART may prevent irreversible immune system damage.

scholarly journals Life expectancy of patients with newly-diagnosed HIV infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy

QJM ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.T. Fang ◽  
Y.Y. Chang ◽  
H.M. Hsu ◽  
S.J. Twu ◽  
K.T. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Highly Active

scholarly journals Impact of Early Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Patients with Acute HIV Infection in Vienna, Austria

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e0152910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Herout ◽  
Mattias Mandorfer ◽  
Florian Breitenecker ◽  
Thomas Reiberger ◽  
Katharina Grabmeier-Pfistershammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Acute Hiv

scholarly journals Early Initiation Rather Than Prolonged Duration of Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV Infection Contributes to the Normalization of CD8 T-Cell Counts

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Cao ◽  
Vikram Mehraj ◽  
Benoit Trottier ◽  
Jean-Guy Baril ◽  
Roger Leblanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Prolonged Duration

Rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy in those with newly diagnosed HIV infection in London, UK

HIV Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 699-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Whitlock ◽  
M Carbonell ◽  
S Blackwell ◽  
N Nwokolo ◽  
Keerti Gedela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Newly Diagnosed

Syphilis seroprevalence and seroconversion among people newly diagnosed with HIV during the pre-antiretroviral therapy period in rural China

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 876-885
Author(s):  
Shifu Li ◽  
Wenbing Dong ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Shunxiang Li ◽  
Shu Su
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Inconsistent Condom ◽  
Recent Hiv Infection ◽  
Inconsistent Condom Use

Syphilis has a high incidence among people living with HIV (PLHIV), which may be attributable to their similar sexual transmission route. A retrospective cohort study was conducted during the period 2009–2015 to investigate the syphilis seroprevalence and incidence of syphilis seroconversion among newly-diagnosed PLHIV in rural Yunnan, China. Recent HIV infection among PLHIV was identified by BED capture enzyme immunoassay. PLHIV were followed until they initiated antiretroviral therapy. Syphilis serology was conducted at baseline and each follow-up over the study period. Among 2162 participants, the syphilis seroprevalence at baseline was 2.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) (2.4–3.1). Single and divorced (versus married) (aOR = 2.9, [1.1–7.4]; 5.9, [2.4–14.7], respectively), employed in the service industry (versus unemployed) (2.8, [1.4–5.6]), being diagnosed with HIV in hospitals (versus voluntary counselling and testing) (5.1, [2.0–12.9]), recent HIV infection (17.9, [8.5–37.9]) and inconsistent condom use in the previous three months (versus consistent condom use) (6.2, [2.8–13.4]) were associated with higher risk of syphilis infection at baseline. Participants contributed 1955.4 person-years (PYs) of follow-up, with a median follow-up period of 0.9 years (IQR: 0.5–1.9) and the incidence of syphilis seroconversion was 2.2 (95% CI 1.5–2.9) per 100 PYs. The syphilis seroprevalence at baseline (aHR 3.7, [1.8–7.9]), had a HIV-negative partner at baseline (3.9, [1.5–9.8]) and inconsistent condom use in the last three months at baseline (6.0, [1.4–25.4]) were associated with higher risk of syphilis seroconversion. Our findings indicate that the public health response should be escalated to minimise the spread of syphilis co-infection among PLHIV and reducing condomless sexual behaviours after HIV diagnosis.

Increasing HIV diagnoses in Australia among men who have sex with men correlated with the growing number not taking antiretroviral therapy

Sexual Health ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Murray ◽  
Garrett Prestage ◽  
Jeffrey Grierson ◽  
Melanie Middleton ◽  
Ann McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Age Profile ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background Australia has experienced rising notifications of HIV diagnoses despite widely available combination antiretroviral therapy (CART). New HIV diagnoses have also been younger than the average age of those living with HIV. We investigated the degree to which several risk factors could explain this rise in notifications and the younger age profile. Methods: Numbers and ages of men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV in Australia from 1983 to 2007 were calculated from notifications of HIV diagnoses and deaths. We compared the trend over time as well as the average ages of MSM newly diagnosed with HIV infection from 1998 to 2007 with those for: notifications of gonorrhoea and syphilis, total MSM living with HIV infection, and the component not on CART. Results: The percentage of younger MSM not taking CART has increased since 1998 (aged <30 years P < 0.001; 30–39 years P = 0.004). The trend of new HIV diagnoses was most significantly correlated with the total number of MSM living with HIV infection and the sector not taking CART (P < 0.0001). Based on similarity of average ages, MSM living with HIV infection and not taking CART was the best predictor of the increasing trend in new HIV diagnoses (99.9999% probability, Akaike information criterion). Conclusions: Our analyses suggest MSM living with HIV infection and not taking CART could be the source of the increase in HIV infections. Consequently, greater CART enrolment should decrease HIV incidence, especially in younger MSM.

scholarly journals The use of plasmapheresis and intravenous laser blood irradiation in treatment of patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis at the late stages of hiv infection (references review)

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Polyakov ◽  
Z. H. Kornilova ◽  
O. V. Demikhova
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Pathogenetic Therapy ◽  
Laser Blood Irradiation ◽  
Late Stages

This article presents an overview of the current domestic and foreign literature on the problems of treatment of newly diagnosed tuberculosis in patients with late stages of HIV infection. The urgency of the problem, peculiarities of the clinical course and treatment of tuberculosis, the principles of antiretroviral therapy in the combination of tuberculosis and HIV infection are considered. It has been established that long-term chronic (или “long term” или “chronic”) tuberculosis intoxication, as well as aggressive antituberculosis therapy, lead to disruption of metabolic processes, hypercatabolism, intoxication, and development of hypercoagulable syndrome. At the same time, data is provided on the toxic effects of antiretroviral therapy. Treatment of adverse reactions begins with detoxification and antihistamine therapy followed by the addition of vitamin therapy, antioxidants, antihypoxants, hepatoprotectors, anabolic agents, and enterosorbents. Various methods of pathogenetic therapy are of great interest, including extracorporal hemocorrection (plasmapheresis) and intravenous laser irradiation of blood (ILIB). Plasmapheresis (PA) allows the effective and short time normalization of homeostasis indices as well as reduction or elimination of intoxication effects, toxic and allergic reactions, hence increasing the effectiveness of basic therapy. Course of PA in patients with common forms of tuberculosis (3-5 procedures, with an interval of 2-3 days, removal of 20-25% of the volume of circulating plasma and replacement with crystalloid solutions in combination with hydroxyethyl starches) allows the elimination of symptoms of intoxication, increases tolerance of the organism to chemotherapy, and suppresses undesirable side effects. The method of quantum therapy (ILIB) is based on the effect of quantum energy on blood directly in the vascular bed. As the result photo biological influence of ILIB, all body systems are activated to correct the existing disorders. This is manifested to a great extent in tissues suffering from oxygen deficiency, since it is in these areas the metabolism increases and the processes of tissue reparation are activated. ILID helps for activation of white blood cell function, phagocytosis, synthesis of antibodies, interferon, and in general, improves the immune status.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Markers During Early Treatment of Seroconverters in a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of PrEP (ANRS-IPERGAY)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Chawki ◽  
Isabelle Charreau ◽  
Audrey Gabassi ◽  
Diane Carette ◽  
Eric Cua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract HIV-related inflammation is associated with poor outcomes. We describe inflammatory biomarkers in 17 participants in a pre-exposure prophylaxis trial who seroconverted with very early initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Inflammation peaked at the time of HIV infection and returned to baseline within 6–12 months. Starting antiretroviral therapy very early could help mitigate long-lasting HIV-related inflammation.

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