scholarly journals Inflammatory Markers During Early Treatment of Seroconverters in a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of PrEP (ANRS-IPERGAY)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Chawki ◽  
Isabelle Charreau ◽  
Audrey Gabassi ◽  
Diane Carette ◽  
Eric Cua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract HIV-related inflammation is associated with poor outcomes. We describe inflammatory biomarkers in 17 participants in a pre-exposure prophylaxis trial who seroconverted with very early initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Inflammation peaked at the time of HIV infection and returned to baseline within 6–12 months. Starting antiretroviral therapy very early could help mitigate long-lasting HIV-related inflammation.

scholarly journals A New Perspective on HIV Diagnostics: Reinterpretation in the Age of Early Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila M. Keating
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
Link Type ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Hiv Diagnostics ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Early treatment of HIV infection with antiretroviral therapy in recently identified HIV-infected individuals reduces viral replication and decreases the risk of transmission. The screening and supplemental, confirmatory assays used to identify infection are influenced by early treatment and may obscure a clear diagnosis of HIV infection. In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Manak et al. demonstrate the impact of antiretroviral therapy on the evolution of biomarkers that have traditionally been used for identifying HIV infection (M. M. Manak, L. L. Jagodzinski, A. Shutt, J. A. Malia, et al., J Clin Microbiol 57:e00757-19, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00757-19).

scholarly journals Plasma lipidome abnormalities in people with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily R. Bowman ◽  
◽  
Manjusha Kulkarni ◽  
Janelle Gabriel ◽  
Xiaokui Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Treatment Naïve

Abstract Background Dyslipidemia often accompanies human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART). Lipid abnormalities likely contribute to increased cardiometabolic disease among people with HIV (PWH). Here, we expand our previous findings on changes in the lipidome following ART initiation, and associations among lipid species, including ceramides (CER), diacylglycerols (DAG), and triacylglycerols (TAG), with immune activation. Methods Concentrations and fatty acid composition of plasma lipids (~ 1300 species) were measured by differential mobility spectroscopy in samples from 35 treatment-naïve PWH pre- and post-initiation of ART (raltegravir (RAL)/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC)); lipidomes were compared to those found in demographically similar HIV-uninfected individuals (n = 13). Results Compared to people without HIV, 37.1% of all lipid species measured were altered in PWH at baseline, and 31.8% of lipid species were altered following 48 weeks of ART. Concentrations of lipid classes were also altered in PWH; diacylglycerols (DAGs) and triacylglycerols (TAGs) were increased at baseline, and DAGs remained increased after 48 weeks of ART. Lipids previously linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes were enriched in PWH pre- and post ART, and were related to immune activation and insulin resistance scores. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-containing lipids were lower in PWH compared to levels in controls, and were inversely related to levels of inflammatory biomarkers. Conclusions HIV infection and ART initiation both induce cardiometabolic changes to the composition of the plasma lipidome. These alterations are associated with inflammatory biomarkers, and may directly contribute to elevated CVD risk and diabetes. Trial registration This study is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00660972). Registered April 16, 2008.

scholarly journals B cells in early and chronic HIV infection: evidence for preservation of immune function associated with early initiation of antiretroviral therapy

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (25) ◽  
pp. 5571-5579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Moir ◽  
Clarisa M. Buckner ◽  
Jason Ho ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jenny Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Memory B Cells ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chronic Hiv Infection

Abstract Characterization of lymphocytes including B cells during early versus chronic HIV infection is important for understanding the impact of chronic viremia on immune cell function. In this setting, we investigated B cells before and after reduction of HIV plasma viremia by antiretroviral therapy (ART). At baseline, peripheral blood B-cell counts were significantly lower in both early and chronic HIV-infected individuals compared with uninfected controls. Similar to CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells, B-cell numbers in both groups increased significantly after ART. At baseline, B cells of early HIV-infected individuals were composed of a higher percentage of plasmablasts and resting memory B cells compared with chronic HIV-infected individuals whose B cells were composed of a higher percentage of immature/transitional and exhausted B cells compared with their early infection counterparts. At 1 year after ART, the percentage of resting memory B cells remained higher in early compared with chronic HIV-infected individuals. This difference translated into a better functional profile in that memory B-cell responses to HIV and non-HIV antigens were superior in early- compared with chronic-treated HIV infected individuals. These findings provide new insights on B cells in HIV infection and how early initiation of ART may prevent irreversible immune system damage.

scholarly journals Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy for people newly diagnosed with HIV infection in Australia: trends and predictors, 2004–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 (6) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamish McManus ◽  
Denton Callander ◽  
Basil Donovan ◽  
Darren B Russell ◽  
Catherine C O'Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Newly Diagnosed

scholarly journals Integrating Antiretroviral Strategies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention: Post- and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis and Early Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Grant ◽  
Dawn K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract Best practices for integrating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and antiretroviral interventions for prevention and treatment are suggested based on research evidence and existing normative guidance. The goal is to provide high-impact prevention services during periods of substantial risk. Antiretroviral medications are recommended for postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and treatment of HIV infection. We reviewed research evidence and current normative guidelines to identify best practices for integrating these high-impact prevention strategies. More sensitive HIV tests used for screening enable earlier diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection, more appropriate counseling, and help limit drug resistance. A fully suppressive PEP regimen should be initiated based on exposure history or physical findings when sensitive diagnostic testing is delayed or not available and antibody tests are negative. Transitions from PEP to PrEP are often warranted because HIV exposure events may continue to occur. This algorithmic approach to integrating PEP, PrEP, and early treatment decisions may increase the uptake of these interventions by a greater number and diversity of knowledgeable healthcare providers.

scholarly journals A Randomized, Controlled, Trial of Short Cycle Intermittent Compared to Continuous Antiretroviral Therapy for the Treatment of HIV Infection in Uganda

PLoS ONE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. e10307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Reynolds ◽  
Cissy Kityo ◽  
Claire W. Hallahan ◽  
Geoffrey Kabuye ◽  
Diana Atwiine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Short Cycle ◽  
Randomized Controlled

scholarly journals Antiretroviral therapy reduces but does not normalize immune and vascular inflammatory markers in adults with chronic HIV infection in Kenya

AIDS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Tecla M. Temu ◽  
Jerry S. Zifodya ◽  
Stephen J. Polyak ◽  
Jessica Wagoner ◽  
Celestine N. Wanjalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Chronic Hiv Infection

scholarly journals Impact of Early Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Patients with Acute HIV Infection in Vienna, Austria

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e0152910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Herout ◽  
Mattias Mandorfer ◽  
Florian Breitenecker ◽  
Thomas Reiberger ◽  
Katharina Grabmeier-Pfistershammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Acute Hiv
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