scholarly journals Early Initiation Rather Than Prolonged Duration of Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV Infection Contributes to the Normalization of CD8 T-Cell Counts

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Cao ◽  
Vikram Mehraj ◽  
Benoit Trottier ◽  
Jean-Guy Baril ◽  
Roger Leblanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Prolonged Duration

scholarly journals B cells in early and chronic HIV infection: evidence for preservation of immune function associated with early initiation of antiretroviral therapy

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (25) ◽  
pp. 5571-5579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Moir ◽  
Clarisa M. Buckner ◽  
Jason Ho ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jenny Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Memory B Cells ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chronic Hiv Infection

Abstract Characterization of lymphocytes including B cells during early versus chronic HIV infection is important for understanding the impact of chronic viremia on immune cell function. In this setting, we investigated B cells before and after reduction of HIV plasma viremia by antiretroviral therapy (ART). At baseline, peripheral blood B-cell counts were significantly lower in both early and chronic HIV-infected individuals compared with uninfected controls. Similar to CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells, B-cell numbers in both groups increased significantly after ART. At baseline, B cells of early HIV-infected individuals were composed of a higher percentage of plasmablasts and resting memory B cells compared with chronic HIV-infected individuals whose B cells were composed of a higher percentage of immature/transitional and exhausted B cells compared with their early infection counterparts. At 1 year after ART, the percentage of resting memory B cells remained higher in early compared with chronic HIV-infected individuals. This difference translated into a better functional profile in that memory B-cell responses to HIV and non-HIV antigens were superior in early- compared with chronic-treated HIV infected individuals. These findings provide new insights on B cells in HIV infection and how early initiation of ART may prevent irreversible immune system damage.

scholarly journals Elevated CD8 T-cell counts and virological failure in HIV-infected patients after combination antiretroviral therapy

Medicine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (32) ◽  
pp. e4570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam Su Ku ◽  
Awachana Jiamsakul ◽  
Oon Tek Ng ◽  
Evy Yunihastuti ◽  
Do Duy Cuong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Virological Failure ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Counts

scholarly journals The DARC-null trait is associated with moderate modulation of NK cell profiles and unaltered cytolytic T cell profiles in black South Africans

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242448
Author(s):  
Kewreshini K. Naidoo ◽  
Zesuliwe B. Shangase ◽  
Tabassum Rashid ◽  
Ayanda Ngubane ◽  
Nasreen Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hiv 1

The Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC)-null trait, common among persons of African descent and associated with lower absolute neutrophil counts (ANCs), may be linked to increased risk to certain infections including HIV-1 but the underlying causes are poorly understood. We hypothesized that DARC-null-linked neutropenia may negatively impact neutrophil immunoregulatory modulation of other immune cells such as natural killer (NK) and CD8+ T cells leading to altered phenotype, functionality and homeostatic activity of these immune cells. HIV-1 uninfected (n = 20) and HIV-1 chronically infected (n = 19) participants were assessed using multi-parametric flow cytometry to determine NK and CD8+ T cell counts, phenotypic profiles, and cytokine production and degranulation. Annexin V and carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) staining were used to examine NK cell survival and NK cell and CD8+ T cell proliferation respectively. Participants were genotyped for the DARC-null polymorphism using allelic discrimination assays and ANCs were measured by full blood count. In HIV uninfected individuals, a reduction of total NK cell counts was noted in the absence of DARC and this correlated with lower ANCs. HIV uninfected DARC-null subjects displayed a less mature NK cell phenotype. However, this did not translate to differences in NK cell activation or effector functionality by DARC state. Whilst HIV-1 infected subjects displayed NK cell profiling that is typical of HIV infection, no differences were noted upon DARC stratification. Similarly, CD8+ T cells from HIV infected individuals displayed phenotypic and functional modulation that is characteristic of HIV infection, but profiling was unaffected by the DARC-null variant irrespective of HIV status. Overall, the data suggests that the DARC-null polymorphism and lower ANCs does not impede downstream cytolytic cell priming and functionality.

scholarly journals CD8+ T-Cell Response to HIV Infection in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Perdomo-Celis ◽  
Natalia A. Taborda ◽  
Maria T. Rugeles
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Response ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
T Cell Response

scholarly journals Longitudinal Changes in Cd4+, Cd8+ T Cell Phenotype and Activation Marker Expression Following Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation among Patients with Cryptococcal Meningitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Alice Bayiyana ◽  
Samuel Okurut ◽  
Rose Nabatanzi ◽  
Godfrey Zziwa ◽  
David R. Boulware ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Cryptococcal Meningitis ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Effector Memory ◽  
Memory Subset

Despite improvement in the prognosis of HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome) patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), cryptococcal meningitis (CM) still causes 10–15% mortality among HIV-infected patients. The immunological impact of ART on the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell repertoire during cryptococcal co-infection is unclear. We determined longitudinal phenotypic changes in T cell subsets among patients with CM after they initiated ART. We hypothesized that ART alters the clonotypic phenotype and structural composition of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during CM co-infection. For this substudy, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated at four time points from CM patients following ART initiation during the parent study (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01075152). Phenotypic characterization of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was done using T cell surface marker monoclonal antibodies by flow cytometry. There was variation in the expression of immunophenotypic markers defining central memory (CD27+CD45R0+), effector memory (CD45R0+CD27–), immune activation (CD38+ and Human Leucocyte Antigen DR (HLA-DR+), and exhaustion (Programmed cell death protein one (PD-1) in the CD4+ T cell subset. In comparison to the CD4+ T cell population, the CD8+ central memory subset declined gradually with minimal increase in the effector memory subset. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immune exhaustion and activation markers remained elevated over 12 weeks. The relative surge and decline in the expression of T cell surface markers outlines a variation in the differentiation of CD4+ T cells during ART treatment during CM co-infection.

scholarly journals Lymphocyte subset analysis to evaluate the prognosis of HIV-negative patients with pneumocystis pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Jin ◽  
Jing Xie ◽  
Huan-ling Wang
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Pneumocystis Pneumonia ◽  
Lymphocyte Subset ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Objectives We analysed the peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients infected with pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) to determine the relationships between the levels of different types of lymphocytes and the prognosis of patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed HIV-negative patients with PCP diagnosed in our department. All the eligible patients underwent lymphocyte subset analysis on admission. Results A total of 88 HIV-negative PCP patients were enrolled in the study. In univariate analyses, low CD4+ T cell count, low CD8+ T cell count, and low natural killer cell (NK cell) count were associated with higher in-hospital mortality. CD8+ T cell count ≤300/μL was found to be an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in multivariate logistical regression analysis (p = 0.015, OR = 11.526, 95% CI = 1.597–83.158). Although low CD4+ T cell and NK cell counts were not independent risk factors, the mortality rates of PCP patients decreased as the CD4+ T cell and NK cell counts increased. Conclusion The immune process of Pneumocystis jirovecii infection is complex but important. We propose that lymphocyte subsets could give clinicians a better understanding of patient immune status, helping with the early identification of potentially lethal infections and treatment decision making, such as adjusting the immunosuppressive regimen and choosing an appropriate patient monitoring level.

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