scholarly journals Tail-to-Head Tandem Duplication and Simple Repetitive Sequences of the Cytoplasmic Actin Genes in Greenling Hexagrammos otakii (Teleostei; Scorpaeniformes)

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-310
Author(s):  
Sang-Yoon Lee ◽  
Dong-Soo Kim ◽  
Yoon-Kwon Nam
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Duplication ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Actin Genes ◽  
Cytoplasmic Actin ◽  
Simple Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Hexagrammos Otakii

scholarly journals Organization and expression of multiple actin genes in the sea urchin.

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 609-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H Scheller ◽  
L B McAllister ◽  
W R Crain ◽  
D S Durica ◽  
J W Posakony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Actin Gene ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Messenger Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Repeat Sequences ◽  
Actin Genes ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
Multiple Copies

A set of at least 11 actin genes has been isolated from genomic recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid libraries of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Most of the isolates derive from a library which represents the genome of a single animal. There are at least five distinct types of sea urchin actin gene, some of which are represented by multiple copies in the genome. The actin gene types are distinguished by nonhomologous flanking sequences and intervening sequences, though the protein coding sequences appear in most cases to be quite similar. Eight of the 11 genes isolated have been recovered in lambda recombinants that contain two actin genes, linked at 5- to 9-kilobase distances. Restriction map overlaps suggest that the genome contains an array of at least three of these genes spaced over about 30 kilobases of deoxyribonucleic acid. In the linkage patterns observed, actin genes of diverse types were linked to each other. In early embryos, actin messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) transcripts of 1.8 and 2.2 kilobases were found, and the longer of these transcripts was more prevalent in the maternal RNA of the egg. From RNA gel blot experiments, we conclude that the two transcripts derive from different actin gene types. Different repetitive sequences were located to either side of most of the actin genes, and in most observed cases the repeat sequences which were adjacent to actin genes of a given type were similar. The repeat sequences flanking the actin genes belonged to families which were transcribed, but those repeats in the neighborhood of the actin genes which have been investigated were not themselves represented in the stable RNAs of eggs or early embryos.

scholarly journals Repetitive Sequence and Sex Chromosome Evolution in Vertebrates

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq Ezaz ◽  
Janine E. Deakin
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Repetitive Sequence ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Sex Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Genomic Changes ◽  
Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Simple Repetitive Sequences

Sex chromosomes are the most dynamic entity in any genome having unique morphology, gene content, and evolution. They have evolved multiple times and independently throughout vertebrate evolution. One of the major genomic changes that pertain to sex chromosomes involves the amplification of common repeats. It is hypothesized that such amplification of repeats facilitates the suppression of recombination, leading to the evolution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes through genetic degradation of Y or W chromosomes. Although contrasting evidence is available, it is clear that amplification of simple repetitive sequences played a major role in the evolution of Y and W chromosomes in vertebrates. In this review, we present a brief overview of the repetitive DNA classes that accumulated during sex chromosome evolution, mainly focusing on vertebrates, and discuss their possible role and potential function in this process.

Simple repetitive sequences and gene expression

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Pisarchik ◽  
N. A. Kartel’
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Simple Repetitive Sequences

Characterization of Human Retinal Fascin Gene (FSCN2) at 17q25: Close Physical Linkage of Fascin and Cytoplasmic Actin Genes

Genomics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin E. Tubb ◽  
Soraya Bardien-Kruger ◽  
Catherine D. Kashork ◽  
Lisa G. Shaffer ◽  
Louis S. Ramagli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Actin Genes ◽  
Cytoplasmic Actin ◽  
Physical Linkage

scholarly journals Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD5-encoded DNA repair protein contains DNA helicase and zinc-binding sequence motifs and affects the stability of simple repetitive sequences in the genome.

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3807-3818 ◽  
Author(s):  
R E Johnson ◽  
S T Henderson ◽  
T D Petes ◽  
S Prakash ◽  
M Bankmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Dna Helicase ◽  
Gene Arrangement ◽  
Sequence Motif ◽  
Sequence Motifs ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Dna Repair Gene ◽  
Simple Repetitive Sequences

rad5 (rev2) mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are sensitive to UV light and other DNA-damaging agents, and RAD5 is in the RAD6 epistasis group of DNA repair genes. To unambiguously define the function of RAD5, we have cloned the RAD5 gene, determined the effects of the rad5 deletion mutation on DNA repair, DNA damage-induced mutagenesis, and other cellular processes, and analyzed the sequence of RAD5-encoded protein. Our genetic studies indicate that RAD5 functions primarily with RAD18 in error-free postreplication repair. We also show that RAD5 affects the rate of instability of poly(GT) repeat sequences. Genomic poly(GT) sequences normally change length at a rate of about 10(-4); this rate is approximately 10-fold lower in the rad5 deletion mutant than in the corresponding isogenic wild-type strain. RAD5 encodes a protein of 1,169 amino acids of M(r) 134,000, and it contains several interesting sequence motifs. All seven conserved domains found associated with DNA helicases are present in RAD5. RAD5 also contains a cysteine-rich sequence motif that resembles the corresponding sequences found in 11 other proteins, including those encoded by the DNA repair gene RAD18 and the RAG1 gene required for immunoglobin gene arrangement. A leucine zipper motif preceded by a basic region is also present in RAD5. The cysteine-rich region may coordinate the binding of zinc; this region and the basic segment might constitute distinct DNA-binding domains in RAD5. Possible roles of RAD5 putative ATPase/DNA helicase activity in DNA repair and in the maintenance of wild-type rates of instability of simple repetitive sequences are discussed.

scholarly journals THE MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF ACTIN

Genetics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-332
Author(s):  
Robin C Hightower ◽  
Richard B Meagher
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Actin Gene ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Actin Genes ◽  
Cytoplasmic Actin ◽  
Replacement Substitution

ABSTRACT We have investigated the molecular evolution of plant and nonplant actin genes comparing nucleotide and amino acid sequences of 20 actin genes. Nucleotide changes resulting in amino acid substitutions (replacement substitutions) ranged from 3-7% for all pairwise comparisons of animal actin genes with the following exceptions. Comparisons between higher animal muscle actin gene sequences and comparisons between higher animal cytoplasmic actin gene sequences indicated <3% divergence. Comparisons between plant and nonplant actin genes revealed, with two exceptions, 11-15% replacement substitution. In the analysis of plant actins, replacement substitution between soybean actin genes SAc1, SAc3, SAc4 and maize actin gene MAc1 ranged from 8-10%, whereas these members within the soybean actin gene family ranged from 6-9% replacement substitution. The rate of sequence divergence of plant actin sequences appears to be similar to that observed for animal actins. Furthermore, these and other data suggest that the plant actin gene family is ancient and that the families of soybean and maize actin genes have diverged from a single common ancestral plant actin gene that originated long before the divergence of monocots and dicots. The soybean actin multigene family encodes at least three classes of actin. These classes each contain a pair of actin genes that have been designated kappa (SAc1, SAc6), lambda (SAc2, SAc4) and mu (SAc3, SAc7). The three classes of soybean actin are more divergent in nucleotide sequence from one another than higher animal cytoplasmic actin is divergent from muscle actin. The location and distribution of amino acid changes were compared between actin proteins from all sources. A comparison of the hydropathy of all actin sequences, except from Oxytricha, indicated a strong similarity in hydropathic character between all plant and nonplant actins despite the greater number of replacement substitutions in plant actins. These protein sequence comparisons are discussed with respect to the demonstrated and implicated roles of actin in plants and animals, as well as the tissue-specific expression of actin.

scholarly journals Organization and expression of multiple actin genes in the sea urchin

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 609-628
Author(s):  
R H Scheller ◽  
L B McAllister ◽  
W R Crain ◽  
D S Durica ◽  
J W Posakony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Actin Gene ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Messenger Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Repeat Sequences ◽  
Actin Genes ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
Multiple Copies

A set of at least 11 actin genes has been isolated from genomic recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid libraries of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Most of the isolates derive from a library which represents the genome of a single animal. There are at least five distinct types of sea urchin actin gene, some of which are represented by multiple copies in the genome. The actin gene types are distinguished by nonhomologous flanking sequences and intervening sequences, though the protein coding sequences appear in most cases to be quite similar. Eight of the 11 genes isolated have been recovered in lambda recombinants that contain two actin genes, linked at 5- to 9-kilobase distances. Restriction map overlaps suggest that the genome contains an array of at least three of these genes spaced over about 30 kilobases of deoxyribonucleic acid. In the linkage patterns observed, actin genes of diverse types were linked to each other. In early embryos, actin messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) transcripts of 1.8 and 2.2 kilobases were found, and the longer of these transcripts was more prevalent in the maternal RNA of the egg. From RNA gel blot experiments, we conclude that the two transcripts derive from different actin gene types. Different repetitive sequences were located to either side of most of the actin genes, and in most observed cases the repeat sequences which were adjacent to actin genes of a given type were similar. The repeat sequences flanking the actin genes belonged to families which were transcribed, but those repeats in the neighborhood of the actin genes which have been investigated were not themselves represented in the stable RNAs of eggs or early embryos.

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