Validation of a Portable Digital Voltammeter, PDV6000+, Instrument for Detection of Lead in Rain Water Samples in Esperance, Western Australia

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter McCafferty ◽  
Magdalena Wajrak
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Rain Water

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF WATER LOSSES FROM BADOVC LAKE, KOSOVO: ISOTOPIC IMPLICATIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 656
Author(s):  
B. Skender ◽  
B. Arjan
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Mine Water ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
O 18

This paper aims to quantitatively assess water losses of Badovc Lake - Kosovo based on both water balance of the lake and water isotopic composition of H-2 and O-18. According to lake water balance, a water loss of 3,738,905 m³ for the hydrologic year 2014, was evaluated. These consistent data favour the opinion that a continuous groundwater outflow from the lake is present and it is conditioned by the intensively developed fracture system in the lake basement formations. This was also supported by the isotopic analysis (H-2 and O-18) of the sampled waters. Most of water samples taken from hydrologic components of Lake Badovc fall on a linear plot of δ2H versus δ18O showing an isotopic variation typical for waters evaporated from a lake and fits very well with Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL), while two rain water samples are isotopically lighter (more negative δ values). Water samples taken from water leakages on the right side of the dam, the piezometer, two wells drilled in the valley downstream of dam, Hajvalia mine gallery and the water flow downstream of the dam, have isotopic composition similar with that of the lake water. Water of Hajvalia mine well shows isotopic composition that falls between that of rain water and lake water. Considering δ values of rain water (δ2H= -129.6‰, δ18O= -16.56‰) and lake water (δ2H= -67.2‰, δ18O= -9.20‰) and mine water (mixture) (δ2H= -73.3‰, δ18O= -10.15‰) was found that the fraction of rain water in mine water ranges from 6% (according H-2) to 10% (according O-18), while the fraction of lake water in minewater varies from 94% (according H-2) to 90% (according O-18).

Fukushima radionuclides at air filter and rain water samples collected from Istanbul and their atmospheric removal time

2013 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gungor ◽  
N. Gungor ◽  
A. Yuksel ◽  
G. Bag ◽  
N. Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Removal Time

Benzotriazole and 5-methylbenzotriazole in recycled water, surface water and dishwashing detergents from Perth, Western Australia: analytical method development and application

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 448-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Alotaibi ◽  
B. M. Patterson ◽  
A. J. McKinley ◽  
A. Y. Reeder ◽  
A. J. Furness
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Western Australian

A simplified analytical method was developed and used to assess the occurrence of benzotriazole and 5-methyl benzotriazole and removal rates in various Western Australian environmental water samples.

scholarly journals Observations on the Survival ofLeptospira AustralisA in Soil and Water

1955 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. W. Smith ◽  
H. R. M. Self
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Soil And Water

SummarySoil from a sugar-cane farm in North Queensland was infected with leptospirae. In some instances a culture ofLeptospira australisA was added to the soil; in others it was infected by rats,Rattus rattus, known to be excreting leptospirae in their urine.After periods ranging from 8 to 43 days, the soil was flooded with rain water which was subsequently examined for leptospirae by treating guinea-pigs according to the ‘subcutaneous stream’ technique.Leptospirae survived in culture-infected soil for 43 days and in urine-infected soil for 15 days prior to the addition of the rain water. They were recovered from the water at intervals ranging up to 24 days after the flooding of the soil.The infected soil was of pH 6·1–6·2, its moisture content where determined was 34 and 37%, and the prevailing temperature 20–29° C. The reaction of the infected water samples ranged from pH 6·6 to 7·6.The possible significance of these findings in relation to the epidemiology of leptospirosis in North Queensland is briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Harvested Rainwater Quality: A Case Study Of Aule In Akure, South Western Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Ochuko Mary Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Water Sample ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Health Organization

The quality of harvested rainwater in Aule area of Akure, South western Nigeria was assessed in this study. Water samples were collected from 25 rain water storage tanks within the study area and a well was used as a control. The water samples were subjected to detailed laboratory analysis and the results obtained was compared with World Health Organization (WHO) standard for drinking water. The turbidity values ranged from 2.7 to 9.1 NTU for the harvested rainwater samples while the well water sample had a turbidity of 2.3 NTU. The conductivity values for the rainwater samples ranged from 101 to 1328 Ωs/cm. The conductivity value was lower in the well water (164 Ωs/cm) than in most of the harvested rain water samples. The pH of the harvested rainwater ranged from 6.1 to 7.4 with 36 % of the water samples having a pH less than the WHO minimum limit of 6.5. The pH of the well water sample was 7.4 and was within the WHO acceptable limits of 6.5 to 8.5. All the sampled rainwaters and well water had bacteria in them. The total bacterial content of the rain water samples ranged from 05 to 28 CFU/100 mL, while that of the well was 05 CFU/100 mL. The total coliform contents of the rainwater samples ranged from 03 to 18 CFU/100 mL, while that of the well was 02 CFU/ 100 mL. Based on the results obtained from this study, it is recommended that harvested rainwater be treated to kill contaminating microorganisms and to reduce the health risks associated with its consumption.

Bacteriological and physico-chemical quality assessment of household drinking water in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
J. O. Oluyege ◽  
A. E. Koko ◽  
O. A. Aregbesola
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Physico Chemical

An investigation on the bacteriological and physico-chemical properties of stored household drinking water in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria was carried out between April and October, 2008. The drinking water sources considered for examination were harvested rain water, tap water and well water stored in plastic water pots for 2 to 4 days. The waterborne pathogens in the samples that were isolated were characterized for antibiotic resistance. Estimation of bacterial loads in the water samples revealed mean total bacterial count (TBC) of 1.17 × 105, 1.30 × 104 and 9.70 × 104 cfu/ml for rain water, tap water and well water respectively. The mean-total coliform count (TCC) were recorded as 1.57 × 106, 7.40 × 105 and 5.70 × 105 cfu/ml for rain water, tap water and well water respectively. Seven bacteria genera comprising Escherichia (41.7%), Shigella (75%), Klebsiella (33.3%), Pseudomonas (25%), Staphylococcus (25%), Streptococcus (50%) and Enterococcus (20%) were isolated from stored rain water .Three genera comprising Escherichia coli (8.3%), Staphylococcus (25%) and Pseudomonas (75%) were isolated from stored tap water. In well water samples, nine genera comprising Escherichia (50%), Salmonella (100%) Enterococcus (80%) and Shigella (25%) Proteus (100%) Serratia (100%), Klebsiella (66.6%), Staphylococcus (50%) and Streptococcus (50%) were isolated. The antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that the majority of the bacteria isolated particulaly, Escherichia, Salmonella, Enterococcus and Shigella were resistant to common antibiotics which are still available in Nigerian market. The resistance pattern of the bacterial isolates ranged from 50–100% to amoxicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin, cotrimoxazone, erythromycin, gentamicin. In terms of physico-chemical analysis, all the water samples met the WHO standard for drinking water. However, the results obtained revealed that adequate domestic water sanitation and disinfection programmes must be put in place to ensure safety against waterborne antibiotic resistant pathogens especially in developing countries.

Reversed longitudinal salinity profile of a major river in the south-west of Western Australia

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
NM Morrissy
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
River System ◽  
The South ◽  
Salinity Profile ◽  
South West ◽  
Upstream Direction ◽  
Major River ◽  
Gauging Station ◽  
Dissolved Salts

Water samples, 51 in October 1973 and 44 in February 1974, were taken from riverine and tributary localities extending for 475 km inland from the estuary over the course of the major Blackwood River System of south-western Australia. Each of the two series of river conductivity (K20) values was positively correlated with distance upstream, but the slopes of the spring and summer regressions were not significantly different. Salinity increased by approximately 10.9 mg/l and 16.6 mg/l, respectively, per km in the upstream direction. Only the lower river and adjacent tributaries could be classified as freshwater (<3000 mg/l). The loads of total dissolved salts passing a Stream Gauging Station, 70.8 km upstream from the estuary, during the spring and summer samplings were 29.57 kg/sec and 0.28 kg/sec, respectively. The reversed longitudinal salinity profile could be explained by reference to the reversed sequence of valley forms, the pattern of clearing of catchments, decreasing rainfall inland, and the release of cyclic salts, accumulated in groundwater, by clearing.

scholarly journals Investigation of a swimming pool-associated cryptosporidiosis outbreak in the Kimberley region of Western Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 1037-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Y. NG-HUBLIN ◽  
D. HARGRAVE ◽  
B. COMBS ◽  
U. RYAN
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Watery Diarrhoea ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Faecal Samples

SUMMARYCryptosporidiosis is a gastroenteric disease caused by the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium, which manifests primarily as watery diarrhoea. Transmitted via the faecal–oral route, infection with the parasite can occur through ingestion of water, food or other fomites contaminated with its infective oocyst stage. In the months of November and December 2012, there were 18 notified cases of cryptosporidiosis from Broome, Western Australia. The 5-year average for the Kimberley region for this period is <1 case. Interviews conducted by Broome local government staff on the notified cases revealed that 11/18 cases had been swimming at the Broome public swimming pool. Molecular analyses of extracted DNA performed on 8/18 microscopy-positive faecal samples from interviewed cases and three water samples from different locations at the hypervariable glycoprotein 60 (gp60) gene, identified the C. hominis IbA10G2 subtype in all human samples and one water sample.

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