Bacteriological and physico-chemical quality assessment of household drinking water in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
J. O. Oluyege ◽  
A. E. Koko ◽  
O. A. Aregbesola
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Physico Chemical

An investigation on the bacteriological and physico-chemical properties of stored household drinking water in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria was carried out between April and October, 2008. The drinking water sources considered for examination were harvested rain water, tap water and well water stored in plastic water pots for 2 to 4 days. The waterborne pathogens in the samples that were isolated were characterized for antibiotic resistance. Estimation of bacterial loads in the water samples revealed mean total bacterial count (TBC) of 1.17 × 105, 1.30 × 104 and 9.70 × 104 cfu/ml for rain water, tap water and well water respectively. The mean-total coliform count (TCC) were recorded as 1.57 × 106, 7.40 × 105 and 5.70 × 105 cfu/ml for rain water, tap water and well water respectively. Seven bacteria genera comprising Escherichia (41.7%), Shigella (75%), Klebsiella (33.3%), Pseudomonas (25%), Staphylococcus (25%), Streptococcus (50%) and Enterococcus (20%) were isolated from stored rain water .Three genera comprising Escherichia coli (8.3%), Staphylococcus (25%) and Pseudomonas (75%) were isolated from stored tap water. In well water samples, nine genera comprising Escherichia (50%), Salmonella (100%) Enterococcus (80%) and Shigella (25%) Proteus (100%) Serratia (100%), Klebsiella (66.6%), Staphylococcus (50%) and Streptococcus (50%) were isolated. The antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that the majority of the bacteria isolated particulaly, Escherichia, Salmonella, Enterococcus and Shigella were resistant to common antibiotics which are still available in Nigerian market. The resistance pattern of the bacterial isolates ranged from 50–100% to amoxicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin, cotrimoxazone, erythromycin, gentamicin. In terms of physico-chemical analysis, all the water samples met the WHO standard for drinking water. However, the results obtained revealed that adequate domestic water sanitation and disinfection programmes must be put in place to ensure safety against waterborne antibiotic resistant pathogens especially in developing countries.

Detection of Coliform, faecal Coliform And Total Bacterial Count From Drinking Water Of Varanasi (U.P.) India

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok Kumar Singh ◽  
Anand Prakash Singh ◽  
Sanjay Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Hand Pump

In India source of drinking water at Varanasi city for common people are tap water, well, hand pump, Ganga river and stored tank water collected from bore well. All water samples were studied to assess their bacteriological characteristics and suitability for potable purposes. A cross-sectional epidemiological method was adopted to investigate the drinking water of six different sites of Varanasi city. The bacteriological examination of water samples included the most probable number of presumptive coliforms, faecal coliforms, and total bacterial count. The results showed that the total coliform count was detected in all the site. In all the methods coliforms presence was indicated. Maximum number of coliform observed in all the seasons, were from river and well water followed by hand pump, tap water and stored tank. The most common group of indicator organisms used in water quality monitoring are coliforms. These organisms are representative of bacteria normally present in the intestinal tract of mammals including human. Contamination of water may occur through different way like sewage disposal in the river, seepage of bathing near sites, fecal excreta of human, bird and other animals. Improving and expanding the existing water treatment and sanitation systems are more likely to provide good, safe and sustainable sources of water in the long term.

scholarly journals The occurrence of Aeromonas spp. in the bottled mineral water, well water and tap water from the municipal supplies

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1049-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise de Oliveira Scoaris ◽  
Fernando Cezar Bizerra ◽  
Sueli Fumie Yamada-Ogatta ◽  
Benício Alves de Abreu Filho ◽  
Tânia Ueda-Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Water Well ◽  
Artesian Water ◽  
Bottled Mineral Water

The aim of this work was to study the occurrence of Aeromonas sp in the bottled mineral water, well water and tap water from the municipal supplies. Positive samples were found for Aeromonas spp. 12.7% from the mineral water, 8.3% from the artesian water and 6.5% from the tap water. The recovery of Aeromonas spp. was significantly higher in the bottled mineral and artesian water than in the tap water from municipal supplies. The occurrence of the Aeromonas spp. did not correlate significantly with the contamination indicator bacteria (i.e. total coliforms) in the artesian water samples. However, a significant correlation was found between Aeromonas spp. and total coliforms in the both mineral water and tap water samples. The presence or absence of a correlation between the indicator bacteria and Aeromonas could reflect the occasional appearance of the pathogen in the drinking water and the different rates of survival and recovery of these agents compared with those fecal indicators. The finding that 41.6, 14.8 and 9.0 % of the artesian water, bottled mineral water and tap water, respectively, sampled in the current study failed to meet the Brazilian standard for total coliforms in the drinking water should therefore be of concern.

Application of Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) Juice to Drinking Water and Food as a Cholera-Preventive Measure

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1329-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDERS DALSGAARD ◽  
PETER REICHERT ◽  
HELLE FRANK MORTENSEN ◽  
ANITA SANDSTRÖM ◽  
POUL-ERIK KOFOED ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Lime Juice ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Initial Ph

The protective activity of lime juice against cholera was suggested in a recent case-control study from Guinea-Bissau, On the basis of these findings, we investigated the vibriocidal properties of juice from lime (Citrus aurantifolia) fruits added to well water, tap water, and food samples. Well-water samples showed initial pH values from 3.5 to 4,9 whereas water samples from municipal or private taps showed initial pH values between 7.5 and 8.3, A 5-log reduction in Vibrio cholerae O1 counts to <100 CFU/ml of well water was shown for two test strains after exposure to 0.5% lime juice (pH 3.3) for 12 min. In tap water, no significant reduction in CFU of V. cholerae was found after exposure to 0% (pH 8.3) and 0.5% (pH 5.6) lime juice whereas exposure to 1.0% lime juice (pH 4.4) for 120 min caused a 5-log reduction to <100 CFU/ml of tap water for the test strains. A 3-log reduction of V. cholerae was found in food samples containing 3.5% and 5.0% lime juice after 120 min exposure. Our results show that during epidemics of cholera in areas without safe sources of drinking water, juice from citrus fruits added to water and food in palatable concentrations may be appropriate measures in reducing the transmission of cholera. However, local characteristics of the water, in particular its alkalinity, should be considered before applying this measure.

scholarly journals Detection and Public Health Risk of Salmonella Species Contaminating Different Water Sources in Keffi, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
M. O. Adamu ◽  
I. G. Azamu ◽  
A. H. Yakubu ◽  
A. M. Sani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
Sachet Water ◽  
Different Water Sources

This study was carried out to detect Salmonella species and evaluate the public health implications from different water sources in Keffi, Central Nigeria. A total of 100 water samples, 25 each of well, public borehole, tap and sachet water were collected from different locations within the Metropolis and analysed using standard microbiological techniques. Of which 38(38.0%) of the samples were contaminated with Salmonella species. The frequency of isolation shows that well water is the most contaminated, 18(72.0%), followed by borehole water, 10(40.0%), tap water, 7(28.0%), while sachet water is the least contaminated with an isolation rate of 3(12.0%). The total bacterial count ranged between 1.0–6.2 ×103 cfu/ml, while the Salmonella/Shigella count ranged from 0.2–2.8×103 cfu/ml. The total bacterial count of 6.2×103 cfu/ml was recorded for well water, 2.2×103 cfu/ml for borehole water, 1.2×103 cfu/ml for tap water and 1.0×103 cfu/ml for sachet water, while highest Salmonella/Shigella count of 2.8×103 cfu/ml was recorded for well water. The pH for well and borehole water were slightly acidic, although that of tap (7.0) and sachet water (7.5) were within permissible limits. The temperature for the water samples were between 25°C–28°C. Meanwhile, turbidity was highest for well water (0.36NTU), in the same vain, total dissolved solid was highest for well water (16.12 mg/l) and lowest for sachet water (0.02 mg/l); while hardness of water was highest amongst the well water samples analysed with a measurement of 48.14 mg/l. The chemical properties of the water samples analysed showed the highest measurements of 6.80 mg/l, 0.78 mg/l and 3.48 mg/l of magnesium, iron and sulphate for well water respectively. Consequently, the presence of microbial contaminants particularly enteric pathogens is indicative of faecal contamination and this can lead to adverse health effects, including gastrointestinal illness and typhoid fever. Therefore, water in Keffi should be properly treated before consumption while boreholes and wells should be dug far away from latrines and septic tanks so as to avoid cross-contamination by faecal materials.

scholarly journals Microbiological and physico-chemical properties of packaged, residential treatment device and tap water drinking water and their possible effects on human health

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-776
Author(s):  
Neriman Aydın ◽  
Mustafa Tanrıverdi ◽  
Birgül Özçırpıcı ◽  
Coşkun Cüce ◽  
Fulya Alben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Residential Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Purification Of Water

Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the microbiological and physico-chemical properties of different types of drinking water used. The cross-sectional type study was carried out between January 1 and April 30, 2016. The samples acquired for the study from 50 packages, 50 tap water taps, and 50 residential treatment devices were examined both microbiologically and biochemically. The pH values varied between 5.57 and 8.26. pH values of tap and packaged waters were all determined to be proper, and improperly low pH values were determined in 25 of the samples acquired from the residential treatment devices. It was determined that amounts of fluoride, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, arsenic, and ammonium were all acceptable. Fluoride amounts were determined to be high at a statistically significant level in packaged and residential treatment device water (p = 0.000). Escherichia coli was determined in 10% of tap water and 2% of packaged water. Microbiological contaminations of the samples collected after the pump-faucet and water fountain were determined to be greater in comparison with those of samples collected directly from packaged waters. It was determined that the residential treatment process is applied more on drinkable waters. The purification of water causes significant physico-chemical changes.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Drinking Water Mineral Composition

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Valentin GORAN ◽  
Victor CRIVINEANU ◽  
Liliana TUDOREANU ◽  
Andreea Stefania VOINEA
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Micro Elements

Abstract. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the mineral and heavy metals concentrations in tap water, filtered water and bottled water. Minerals and heavy metals such as Ag, Be, Cd, Co, Li, Ni, Pb and Se, have not been identified (concentrations below 0.001 ppm), suggesting the absence of heavy metal contamination of drinking water in the area of the study. The samples had low concentrations for aluminum and strontium. The highest concentrations of macro-and micro-elements and toxic metals were found only in the well water samples collected from the Ramnicul Sarat and Focsani area, possibly because of higher soil pollution. For all drinking water samples, the highest mineral concentrations were found in essential macro-minerals  such as  sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. For calcium, the highest concentration was found in the well water samples from Focsani area.

ECOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DRINKING TAP WATER IN KHANTY-MANSIYSK AND SALEKHARD

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-167
Author(s):  
V.V. Lapenko ◽  
L.N. Bikbulatova ◽  
E.M. Ternikova
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Geochemical Environment

Water is very important for humans, as it is a solvent for metabolic products. Moreover, it is necessary for metabolism, biochemical and transport processes. The elemental status in persons depends on the geochemical environment and consumption of bioelements with food and water. The aim of the paper is to conduct a comprehensive assessment of chemical composition of drinking tap water in Khanty-Mansiysk and Salekhard. Materials and Methods. The chemical composition of 100 samples of drinking tap water was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry, spectrophotometry and capillary electrophoresis. All in all, there were 50 samples from Khanty-Mansiysk and 50 samples from Salekhard. The results were compared with Sanitary Rules and Norms 2.1.4.1074-01. Results. Drinking tap water in Salekhard contains a significantly higher concentration of iron, which is much above the maximum allowable concentration, if compared to water samples in Khanty-Mansiysk (p=0.03). In the cities under consideration, the water undergoes high-quality reagent-free treatment. However, the deterioration of the water supply networks in Salekhard is 3 times as high as in Khanty-Mansiysk. Calcium and magnesium concentration in water samples from Khanty-Mansiysk is 5.6 and 3.9 times lower than the MAC; in water samples from Salekhard calcium concentration is 6.3 (p=0.008) and magnesium concentration 4.6 (p<0.001) times lower than the MAC. Conclusion. The consumption of ultra-fresh drinking water leads to low intake of bioelements, which are a part of enzymes contributing to the human antioxidant defense and can result in manifestation of cardiovascular diseases. This is especially true for Salekhard with very soft drinking water and high iron concentration, which excess can exhibit prooxidant properties. Keywords: tap water, bioelements, northern region, antioxidants. Вода является важнейшим соединением для человека: необходима в качестве растворителя продуктов метаболизма и протекания обменных, биохимических и транспортных процессов. Элементный статус организма человека зависит от геохимического окружения и поступления биоэлементов с пищей и водой. Цель. Провести комплексную оценку химического состава водопроводной воды городов Ханты-Мансийск и Салехард. Материалы и методы. Методами атомно-абсорбционной спектрометрии, спектрофотометрии и капиллярного электрофореза проанализирован химический состав 100 проб водопроводной воды: по 50 из Ханты-Мансийска и Салехарда. Результаты сравнивали с СанПиН 2.1.4.1074-01. Результаты. В водопроводной воде Салехарда установлена превышающая ПДК и достоверно более высокая концентрация железа сравнительно с водой Ханты-Мансийска (р=0,03). При условии качественной безреагентной водоподготовки в изучаемых городах это обусловлено изношенностью водопроводных сетей в Салехарде, более чем в 3 раза превышающей этот показатель в Ханты-Мансийске. Концентрация кальция и магния в воде Ханты-Мансийска в 5,6 и 3,9 раза ниже ПДК; в воде Салехарда – в 6,3 (р=0,008) и 4,6 (р<0,001) раза ниже ПДК соответственно. Заключение. Употребление ультрапресной питьевой воды на фоне очень малого поступления с водой биоэлементов, входящих в состав ферментов антиоксидантной защиты организма человека, может привести к манифестации кардиоваскулярных заболеваний. Это особенно актуально для г. Салехарда с очень мягкой питьевой водой с повышенным содержанием железа, избыток которого может проявлять прооксидантные свойства. Ключевые слова: водопроводная вода, биоэлементы, северный регион, антиоксиданты.

Evaluation of Gross Alpha and Beta Activity Concentrations and Annual Effective Dose in Drinking Waters of Misan Province-Iraq Using Low Background Gas Flow Proportional Counter (LB- 4110)

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Sawsan Sh. Fleifil ◽  
Zahraa A. Ismail AL-Sudani
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Proportional Counter ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Low Background ◽  
Background Gas

In this study, assessment of levels natural radioactivity in drinking water samples of Misan Province of Iraq was carried out. A total of 33 (Tigris river, station and Tap) water samples collected from eleven places in Misan Province of Iraq. The beta and alpha gross radioactivity of the samples water was measured and an average annual effective dose derived of drinking-water ingestion was estimation utilizing new model a LB-4110 low background gas flow proportional counter. The data indicated that the Beta and Alpha gross activities and annual effective dose in samples did not exceed WHO recommended levels (0.5 Bq/L of Alpha gross, 1.0 Bq/L of Beta gross and 0.1 mSv/y for annual effective dose).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Minerals Content of Drinking Water in Malaysia

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azrina Azlan ◽  
Hock Eng Khoo ◽  
Mohd Aizat Idris ◽  
Amin Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Rizal Razman
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Mineral Water Sample ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Iron And Manganese

The drinking and mineral water samples obtained from different geographical locations had concentrations of the selected minerals lower than the standard limits, except for manganese, arsenic, and fluoride. The concentrations of manganese and arsenic in two mineral water samples were slightly higher than the standard international recommended limits. One mineral water sample had a fluoride concentration higher than the standard limits, whereas manganese was not detected in nine drinking and mineral water samples. Most of the selected minerals found in the tap water samples were below the international standard limits, except for iron and manganese. The concentrations of iron and manganese in the tap water samples were higher than the standard limits, which were obtained from one and three of the studied locations, respectively. The potable water obtained from various manufacturers and locations in Peninsular Malaysia is safe for consumption, as the minerals concentrations were below the standard limits prescribed by the Malaysian Food Regulations of 1985. The data obtained may also provide important information related to daily intake of these minerals from drinking water.

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