scholarly journals Tsunami Impact Assessment and Vulnerability Index Development using Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model and Geographic Information System (GIS) – A Study on Mie Prefecture, Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajime Tanaka ◽  
Nagisa Shiiba ◽  
Michael C. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Cge Model ◽  
Index Development

scholarly journals Impact assessment and a fiscal recovery policy for tsunami risk: GIS and the general equilibrium approach in Hakodate city, Japan

2020 ◽  
pp. 239980832097786
Author(s):  
Hajime Tanaka ◽  
Michael C Huang
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Evidence Based

Given Japan’s substantial exposure to many kinds of natural hazards, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and typhoons, it has been a priority to invest in resilience, guided by evidence-based modeling. In 2011, the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami became the costliest natural disaster ever recorded. This study applied a geographic information system using assumed tsunami-affected data calibrated in a recursive computable general equilibrium model to perform an economic impact assessment and an estimated recovery budget. We simulated 100 years of tsunamis and a 10-year sectoral recovery package for the sectors related to the ocean economy, such as kelp, net fishery, squid, other fisheries, food processing, and recreation, with a capital-use subsidy policy regarding investment strategy. We found that the aqua sector is incredibly vulnerable and would not recover with the capital-use subsidy within Hakodate City’s financial capability. Nevertheless, the recovery policy could still ease output price changes. On the other hand, the recreation sector could recover to pre-disaster conditions, but at huge fiscal and social costs. Meanwhile, the food processing sector’s recovery could generate social benefits and have a spillover effect on other fisheries sectors. The application of geographic information system in tsunami-prone areas could strengthen the precision of economic analysis. Such evidence-based modeling could visualize the economic impact to assist policymakers and stakeholders in foreseeing disaster risk and implementing more effective building resilience measures.

scholarly journals Análise da vulnerabilidade socioambiental no município de Vitória-ES, com o apoio de um SIG livre / Analysis of socio-environmental vulnerability in the municipality of Vitória-ES, with the support of a free GIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (55) ◽  
pp. 1076-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helio Carreço ◽  
Aurélia Hermínia Castiglioni
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Environmental Vulnerability ◽  
Espirito Santo ◽  
Gis Software

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a vulnerabilidade socioambiental enfrentada pelas parcelas de baixa renda da população dos Bairros de Vitória-ES e demonstrar a relevância dos Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG) como ferramenta de mensuração e representação destas situações. Para isso, será demonstrada a viabilidade da adoção de geotecnologias livres para a abordagem deste tema, por meio da análise de variáveis socioeconômicas, infraestruturais e do meio físico. O estudo fundamenta-se em dados produzidos pelo IBGE, pela Prefeitura Municipal de Vitória e pela Secretaria de Segurança Pública do Espírito Santo, relativos ao período de 2010 a 2015. A análise e redução de variáveis são feitas por meio de critérios objetivos utilizando a Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP). As variáveis analisadas mostraram alta correlação e os resultados foram utilizados para a construção do Índice de Vulnerabilidade Socioambiental. A partir dos valores do índice, os bairros foram espacializados por meio de um software livre de SIG, o que permitiu formar agrupamentos de unidades de análise que apresentam semelhanças quanto à vulnerabilidade socioambiental, sendo possível identificar uma notável disparidade entre os bairros de Vitória.Palavras-chave: Vulnerabilidade Socioambiental; Sistema de Informação Geográfica; Geotecnologias Livres.AbstractThis paper aims to analyze the Socio-Environmental Vulnerability faced by the low income portion of the population from Vitoria – ES and show the importance of the Geographic Information System (GIS) as a tool of measurement and representation of these situations. Thus, the feasibility of adopting free geotechnologies will be demonstrated in order to approach this theme by means of analyzing the socioeconomic, infrastructural as well as physical environment variables. The study is based on data produced by IBGE, City Hall of Vitoria and by Secretary of Public Security of Espirito Santo, related to the period from 2010 to 2015. The analysis and reduction of variables are made by means of objective criteria utilizing the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The variables analyzed showed high correlation and the results were utilized for the construction of Socio-Environmental Vulnerability Index. From the values of the index, the neighborhoods were spatialized through a free GIS software which allowed forming groups of neighborhoods that present similarities regarding the Socio-Environmental Vulnerability. It was possible to identify a notable disparity among the neighborhoods of Vitoria.Keywords: Socio-environmental Vulnerability; Geographic Information System (GIS); Free Geotechnologies.

scholarly journals Contribution of VAT to economic growth: A dynamic CGE analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 26-55
Author(s):  
Jean Luc Erero ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
South African ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Cge Model ◽  
The South ◽  
Dynamic Cge ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium

Aim/purpose–This study sought to assess the impact of an increased historical fixed VAT rate of 14% to the current rate of 15% on the South African economy. Design/methodology/approach–The method applied in this study was based on a Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model to evaluate the impact of both the VAT rate of 14% and a new rate of 15% on the South African economy. The CGE model has been proven over the years to be a suitable model when evaluating the impact assessment of any shock within an economy. Enhancements were made by the researcher to the direct and indirect tax section of the model, i.e., the direct tax section was disaggregated, such that for both firm and household revenues, a dividend income stream is separated from other income streams. The main reason is to facilitate a detailed analysis of Corporate Income Tax (CIT) and Personal Income Tax (PIT), as well as the latest implemented Dividend Tax (DT).Findings–When VAT was increased from 14% to 15%, the immediate reaction of the shock from the Dynamic CGE model indicates that the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) declined by 0.0002% in 2018, but increased by 0.0028% in the following year (2019). The trend continued until 2021, hence the 1% increase in the VAT tax rate will increase the expected forecast of VAT collection by approximately R3.2 billion on average. Research implications/limitations–The findings of this study will be implemented by the South African government, which will use a dynamic CGE model to assess South Africa’s VAT contribution to the economy. The database of the CGE model was limited to the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for 2015. Originality/value/contribution–The study recommends the use of this method for assessing the impact of tax policy changes to the South African economy. The CGE model seems to be the best model as far as the impact assessment of a shock in the econ-omy is concerned. This will assist the South African authorities with their decision mak-ing regarding future VAT revenue. Keywords: South African Revenue Service (SARS), Value Added tax (VAT), Dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model.JEL Classification:H21, C68, E62.

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) FOR IMPACT ASSESSMENT, ECOLOGICALLY SOUND MEASURES, AND DOCUMENTATION OF OIL SPILLS

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Gustav Törling ◽  
Jonas Fejes
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Ecological Sensitivity ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The geographic information system (GIS) is an objective and standardized oil spill impact assessment tool. In addition to the impact assessment, the GIS provides a helpful tool for judging the size of the impact, choosing environmentally sound cleanup techniques, and planning resources utilization. All information put into a GIS, including daily activity reports, will constitute the essential base for claims from the International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund (IOPC Fund). Impact assessment. Before cleanup activities start, an impact assessment is made. The impacted area is geographically defined in the field with the detailed geographic position system (dGPS) and maps. Type of coastline, spill volume, and type of oil are documented for each impacted area. If necessary, photos and other information concerning the impacted area are included in the GIS. Determination of cleanup method. Documented information from the impact assessment is analyzed together with databases containing ecological sensitivity maps, cleanup methods, and experience. The analysis made using the GIS will suggest what cleanup method/s should be used and how best to use resources. The cleanup method(s) chosen by use of the GIS is presented in digital maps and tables of resources needed. Daily activity reports. All daily activities are documented in the GIS. These include time spent, costs, site, amount of oil cleaned up and method used for cleanup, transfer of oil, and waste disposal. Total and specific cost for each impacted area is calculated daily. Commanders report. The GIS provides the commander with a total report of all actions taken during the cleanup operation. The report contains total costs, claims, experience, geographical location, date and time, and an impact assessment. Advantages of the GIS. The GIS provides a standardized and objective impact assessment for each contaminated area and at the same time suggests what cleanup method to use. The system can present daily reports of information and activities undertaken, and easily specify the cost for each activity. The GIS also can present a final report immediately upon completion of the work.

scholarly journals Integrated Water Resources Vulnerability Assessment: A Multidimensional Approach and Geographic Information System Based in Fès, Meknès, and Ifrane Perimeters, Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanga Idé Soumaila ◽  
Naimi Mustapha ◽  
Chikhaoui Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
The City ◽  
Water Resources Vulnerability

Water resources are disproportionately distributed, and more and more problems related to this precious resource are being reported around the world due to anthropogenic pressures and global environmental changes. This paper focuses on assessing the vulnerability of water resources in an integrated way, by taking into account hydrological, environmental, socio-economic and pollution factors, in order to delineate sensitive areas of water resources under a geographic information system. The framework for assessing the water resources vulnerability in the Fès, Meknès, and Ifrane perimeters was based on a participatory approach through a survey. The data collected on the identified factors are then processed under ArcGIS tool to aggregate the normalized value into a water resources vulnerability index. The result shows that the degree of vulnerability of water resources in most of the study area is considered to be at the "threshold" to "non-vulnerable". However, three (3) main areas were considered to be "moderately vulnerable" to "highly vulnerable" precisely in the South of the city of Meknes (Zone 1), from the West of the city of Fès (Zone 2), and finally the Dayet Ifrah area (Zone 3). The sensitivity analysis showed that five factors have more impact on the overall water resources vulnerability map: topography, poverty, water withdrawal, population density, and access to drinking water. The result of this study could help integrated water resources management planners take action to improve the overall water quantity and quality in the area, and it can be extended to a larger scale like regional, national or cross-country.

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