scholarly journals Anatomy and ultrastructure of floral nectary of lnula helenium L (Asteraceae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Sulborska ◽  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
Golgi Bodies ◽  
Floral Nectary ◽  
Granular Cytoplasm ◽  
Inula Helenium ◽  
Modified Stomata ◽  
Floral Nectaries ◽  
Anatomy And Ultrastructure

Floral nectaries of <em>Inula helenium</em> L. only occurred in disc florets and were situated above the inferior ovary. The shape of the investigated glands (five-armed star with rounded tips and deep incisions - observed from above) clearly differed from the shape of the nectaries of other <em>Asteraceae</em>, also the height of nectary was much lower (129 µm). The glandular tissue of the nectaries of elecampane was composed of a single-layered epidermis and 5--9 layers of secretory cells. Nectar was released through modified stomata, mainly arranged in the top part of the gland. The secretory cells were characterised by granular cytoplasm and the presence of a large, often lobate, cell nucleus. In the cytosol, numerous amoeboid plastids, mitochondria, Golgi bodies and ribosomes were present. In small vacuoles, myelin-like structures, fibrous material and vesicles with the content of substances which can be secretion, were observed. The plastid stroma showed different electron density and the presence of internal tubules and plastoglobules. Vesicular extensions forming bright zones were visible between the membranes of the nuclear envelope. Adjacent to the plasmalemma, as well as between the plasmalemma and the cell wall, secretory vesicles occurred, indicating the granulocrine mechanism of nectar secretion.

Nectary structure and nectar presentation in the Mediterranean geophyte, Urginea maritima (Hyacinthaceae)

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 1194-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharaf Al-Tardeh ◽  
Thomas Sawidis ◽  
Barbara-Evelin Diannelidis ◽  
Stylianos Delivopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Urginea Maritima ◽  
Floral Nectary ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Septal Nectary ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Anatomy And Ultrastructure

The morphology, anatomy, and ultrastructure of the floral nectary of Urginea maritima (L.) Baker were investigated at three stages of nectary development. The plant possesses a typical gynopleural (septal) nectary with secondary presentation. The nectary consists of one layer of epithelium secretory cells and one to four layers of subsidiary cells subtended by two to six layers of parenchyma (subnectary) cells. The nectary releases the nectar at a point two-thirds towards the summit of the ovary by means of carpellary sutures. Nectar secretion appears to depend largely on the hydrolysis of starch grains stored in amyloplasts at the intermediate stage. The hydrolysis process most likely commences in the epithelium layer followed by the subsidiary tissue and then the parenchyma cells of the ovary wall. A symplastic transfer of the secreted nectar occurs by plasmodesmata connecting the subsidiary cells to the parenchyma and the epithelial secretory cells. However, microchannels in the cell wall of the epithelial cells may facilitate the apoplastic transfer of the nectar into the nectary cavity. The old stage of nectary development is characterized by a crystallized form of nectar, collapse of the parenchyma cells, complete starch hydrolysis, and disappearance of the amyloplasts and endoplasmic reticulum.

scholarly journals The structure of floral nectaries of some species of Vicia L. (Papilionaceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Stpiczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Modified Stomata ◽  
Floral Nectaries ◽  
The Subject

The subject of research were morphology and ultrastructure of floral nectaries of nine species of <i>Vicia</i>. The differences in their size and morphological structure were shown. Small, almost flat nectaries appeared in flowers of <i>Vicia tetrasperma</i> and <i>V. hirsuta</i>. Much better developed ones which had convexities with the shape of a protuberance, a half-ring or a half -ring with a ligulate outgrowth were observed in <i>V. silvatica</i>, <i>V. cracca</i>, <i>V. villosa</i>, <i>V. sativa</i> and <i>V. angustifolia</i>. Completely convex, annular nectaries with a ligulate outgrowth belonged to <i>V. sepium</i> and <i>V. grandiflora</i>. Small anatomical differences concerned mainly the structure and distribution of vascular bundles, whereas ultrastructure of secretory cells was very similar. Nectar got into the surface through the modified stomata situated on the top of nectaries' convexities.

scholarly journals The secretory glands of Asphodelus aestivus flower

Biologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Sawidis ◽  
Elzbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Vasiliki Anastasiou ◽  
Artemios Bosabalidis
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Golgi Bodies ◽  
Floral Nectary ◽  
Septal Nectary ◽  
Mediterranean Type Ecosystem ◽  
Secretory Glands ◽  
Mucilage Gland ◽  
Asphodelus Aestivus

AbstractVarious secretory glands are observed on Asphodelus aestivus flower, a common geophyte of Mediterranean type ecosystem. The floral nectary has the form of individual slits between the gynecium carpels (septal nectary). The septal slits extend downwards to the ascidiate zone of the carpels. The nectar is secreted by the epidermal cells of the slits, which differentiate into epithelial cells. The latter contain numerous organelles, among which endoplasmic reticulum elements and golgi bodies predominate. Nectar secretion results in an expansion of the space between the septa. The nectar becomes discharged through small holes on the ovary wall. Six closely packed stamens surround the ovary and bear numerous papillae at their basis. These papillae are actually osmophores, i.e. secretory structures responsible for the manufacture, secretion and dispersion of terpenic scent. A mucilage gland (obturator) exists between the lateral ovule and the ovary septa, giving a positive reaction with Schiff’s reagent. This gland secretes a mucoproteinaceous product to nourish the pollen tube and to facilitate its penetration into the ovary.

scholarly journals Flowering biology and structure of floral nectaries in Galanthus nivalis L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Mirosława Chwil
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
Floral Nectary ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cuticular Ornamentation ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Floral Nectaries ◽  
Galanthus Nivalis ◽  
Light Fluorescence ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

In Poland <em>Galanthus nivalis</em> L. is partially protected. The flowers of this species are one of the first sources of nectar and pollen for insects from February to April. The aim of this study was to present the flowering biology as well as the topography, anatomical, and ultrastructural features of the floral nectary. The flower lifespan, the breeding system, and the mass of pollen and nectar produced by the flowers were determined. Examination of the nectary structure was performed using light, fluorescence, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The flower of <em>G. nivalis</em> lives for about 30 days. The stamens and pistils mature simultaneously and during this time nectar is secreted. The anthers of one flower produced the large amount of pollen (4 mg). The breeding system of <em>G. nivalis</em> was found to be characterized by partial self-compatibility, outcrossing, and xenogamy. The nectary is located at the top of the inferior ovary. The nectary epidermal cells are characterized by striated cuticular ornamentation. Initially, the secreted nectar formed vesicle-like protuberances under the cuticle. The epidermal and parenchymal cells contain numerous plastids, mitochondria, dictyosomes, ER cisterns, and vesicles fused with the plasmalemma, which indicates granulocrine nectar secretion.

scholarly journals The structure of nectary of Platanthera bifolia L. Orchidaceae

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Stpiczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Floral Nectary ◽  
Secretory Tissue ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Anatomy And Ultrastructure

The anatomy and ultrastructure of floral nectary of <em>Platanthera bifolia</em> were studied. The epidermis inside the nectary spur showed characteristic features of secretory tissue. Many cells of this epidermis were protruded forming unicellular hairs. The protoplasts of secretory cells were characterized by few small vacuoles, a lot of mitochondria and leucoplasts, which stored starch before secretion. Numerous vesicles budded off from the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus were accumulated near plasmalemma and fused with it. This fact probably indicates that these structures are involved in secretory processes. Nectar was released onto the surface through the pores in a ruptured cuticle, which covered the walls of secretory hairs.

Analysis of the Anterior Secretory Cells of Onchidohs Muricata (Nudibranchia)

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 614-615
Author(s):  
Roy Skidmore
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Golgi Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
High Magnification ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Sole Of The Foot

The long-necked secretory cells in Onchidoris muricata are distributed in the anterior sole of the foot. These cells are interspersed among ciliated columnar and conical cells as well as short-necked secretory gland cells. The long-necked cells contribute a significant amount of mucoid materials to the slime on which the nudibranch travels. The body of these cells is found in the subepidermal tissues. A long process extends across the basal lamina and in between cells of the epidermis to the surface of the foot. The secretory granules travel along the process and their contents are expelled by exocytosis at the foot surface.The contents of the cell body include the nucleus, some endoplasmic reticulum, and an extensive Golgi body with large numbers of secretory vesicles (Fig. 1). The secretory vesicles are membrane bound and contain a fibrillar matrix. At high magnification the similarity of the contents in the Golgi saccules and the secretory vesicles becomes apparent (Fig. 2).

scholarly journals Anatomy of the floral, bract, and foliar nectaries of Triumfetta semitriloba (Tiliaceae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos André Espolador Leitão ◽  
Renata Maria Strozi Alves Meira ◽  
Aristéa Alves Azevedo ◽  
João Marcos de Araújo ◽  
Kellen Lagares Ferreira Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Type A ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Floral Bract ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Floral Nectary ◽  
Foliar Anatomy ◽  
Weedy Species ◽  
Floral Nectaries

Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq. (Tiliaceae) is a tropical weedy species with floral nectaries and glands located at the margins of the leaves. The objectives of this work were to describe the anatomy of these secretory structures and to analyze their exudates. Sucrose, glucose, and fructose were identified in the product released by these secretory structures, characterizing them as nectaries. The nectaries of T. semitriloba are of a specialized type; a secretory epidermis comprised of pluricellular and multiserial nectariferous trichomes covers a nectariferous parenchyma, vascularized by phloem and xylem. A mass of phenolic compounds occurs in the head cells of the nectariferous trichomes of the foliar and bract nectaries; however, it is absent in trichomes of the floral nectary. The leaf and bract nectaries differed from those from flowers in their length and diameter. Structural features of the nectaries of T. semitriloba are typical of other taxa of the Malvales.Key words: foliar anatomy, histochemistry, Malvales, nectaries, Tiliaceae, Triumfetta semitriloba.

Ultrastructure of the female reproductive organs (ovary, vitellaria, and Mehlis' gland) of Halipegus eccentricus (Trematoda: Derogenidae)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2203-2212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon M. Holy ◽  
Darwin D. Wittrock
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Golgi Body ◽  
Digenetic Trematode ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Golgi Bodies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Vitelline Cells ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs

The female reproductive organs (ovary, vitellaria, and Mehlis' gland) of the digenetic trematode Halipegus eccentricus were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Oocytes entered diplotene while in the ovary and produced cortical granules and lipid bodies. Vitelline cells produced large amounts of eggshell protein but no yolk bodies. Two types of Mehlis' gland secretory cells were present, distinguishable by the morphology of their rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, and secretory bodies, and by the persistence of recognizable secretory material within the ootype lumen after exocytosis. In an attempt to standardize the nomenclature regarding the cell types of the Mehlis' gland, a classification that takes into account these four criteria is proposed. Two basic types of Golgi body organization were noted for the cells of the female reproductive system: a stack of flattened cisternae (Mehlis' gland alpha cells) and spherical Golgi bodies with vesicular cisternae (oocytes, vitelline cells, and Mehlis' gland beta cells).

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