scholarly journals The structure of floral nectaries of some species of Vicia L. (Papilionaceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Stpiczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Modified Stomata ◽  
Floral Nectaries ◽  
The Subject

The subject of research were morphology and ultrastructure of floral nectaries of nine species of <i>Vicia</i>. The differences in their size and morphological structure were shown. Small, almost flat nectaries appeared in flowers of <i>Vicia tetrasperma</i> and <i>V. hirsuta</i>. Much better developed ones which had convexities with the shape of a protuberance, a half-ring or a half -ring with a ligulate outgrowth were observed in <i>V. silvatica</i>, <i>V. cracca</i>, <i>V. villosa</i>, <i>V. sativa</i> and <i>V. angustifolia</i>. Completely convex, annular nectaries with a ligulate outgrowth belonged to <i>V. sepium</i> and <i>V. grandiflora</i>. Small anatomical differences concerned mainly the structure and distribution of vascular bundles, whereas ultrastructure of secretory cells was very similar. Nectar got into the surface through the modified stomata situated on the top of nectaries' convexities.

scholarly journals Anatomy and ultrastructure of floral nectary of lnula helenium L (Asteraceae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Sulborska ◽  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
Golgi Bodies ◽  
Floral Nectary ◽  
Granular Cytoplasm ◽  
Inula Helenium ◽  
Modified Stomata ◽  
Floral Nectaries ◽  
Anatomy And Ultrastructure

Floral nectaries of <em>Inula helenium</em> L. only occurred in disc florets and were situated above the inferior ovary. The shape of the investigated glands (five-armed star with rounded tips and deep incisions - observed from above) clearly differed from the shape of the nectaries of other <em>Asteraceae</em>, also the height of nectary was much lower (129 µm). The glandular tissue of the nectaries of elecampane was composed of a single-layered epidermis and 5--9 layers of secretory cells. Nectar was released through modified stomata, mainly arranged in the top part of the gland. The secretory cells were characterised by granular cytoplasm and the presence of a large, often lobate, cell nucleus. In the cytosol, numerous amoeboid plastids, mitochondria, Golgi bodies and ribosomes were present. In small vacuoles, myelin-like structures, fibrous material and vesicles with the content of substances which can be secretion, were observed. The plastid stroma showed different electron density and the presence of internal tubules and plastoglobules. Vesicular extensions forming bright zones were visible between the membranes of the nuclear envelope. Adjacent to the plasmalemma, as well as between the plasmalemma and the cell wall, secretory vesicles occurred, indicating the granulocrine mechanism of nectar secretion.

scholarly journals Struktur Anatomi dan Uji Histokimia Terpenoid dan Fenol Dua Varietas Sirih Hijau (Piper betle L.)

BIOSCIENTIAE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Gusti Puspa Dewi ◽  
Evi Mintowati Kuntorini ◽  
Eny Dwi Pujawati
Keyword(s):  
Copper Acetate ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Epidermal Tissue ◽  
Pith Parenchyma

This study aims to determine the anatomical structure and histochemical test of terpenoid and phenol compounds in two varieties of green betel plants (Piper betle). Making leaves anatomical structure preparations using the fresh method, testing terpenoid compounds with 5% copper acetate, testing phenol with ferric trichloride 10% and some grains of sodium carbonate. The observations of the anatomical structure of green betel leaf varieties 1 and varieties 2 have similarities consisting of the upper epidermis, upper hypodermis, palisade parenchyma, parenchymal sponges, vascular bundles (xylem and phloem), sclerenchyma, cholenchyma, lower epidermis, lower hypodermis, secretory cells, trichoma, stoma and calcium oxalate crystals, and in varieties 2 look more trichomes. The anatomical structure of the variety 1 betel stem and varieties 2 are arranged from the outside in the direction of the epidermal tissue, colenchymal tissue, cortical bundles, sclerenchyma, cortex, medullary and peripheral vascular files, pith, the central part of the stem is a secretory gland. Phenol in betel vine varieties 1 and varieties 2 is positive in the secretion cell part which is spread in the parenchymal tissue of the mother's leaf bone and lamina, whereas in the stem is spread around the cortex and pith parenchyma. Positive secretion cells contain phenol not as much as secretory cells containing terpenoids. Based on quantitative observations the size of oil cell density and secretion cell diameter, the essential oils contained in the cell secretions in the leaves of variety 1 are more than varieties 2 while in the varieties 2, there are more varieties 1.

scholarly journals Anatomy of the floral nectaries of 9 species from subf. Pomoideae (Rosaceae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Agata Konarska
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Sorbus Aucuparia ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Crataegus Monogyna ◽  
Aronia Melanocarpa ◽  
Floral Nectaries

The nectaries anatomical features of nine species of <em>Pomoideae</em> subfamily <em>Aronia melanocarpa</em> Ell., <em>Cotoneaster horizontalis</em> Decne, <em>C. praecox</em> Vilm.-Andr., <em>C. lucida</em> Schlecht., <em>Crataegus monogyna</em> Jacq., <em>C. coccinea</em> L., <em>C. crus-galli</em> L., <em>Sorbus aucuparia</em> L., <em>Sorbus intermedia</em> Pers. were compared. The flower longitudinal sections by means of vibratome and semithin slides by use of ultramicrotome were made. The thickness of nectary epidermis, glandular layer and the structure of subglandular layer as well as the n,n of vascular bundles were studied. It was stated that the height of epidermis cells and the thickness of their wall were approximate in the most investigated taxons. Stomata occurred in the nectaries of all species. They were located on a level with the epidermis cells in <em>Aronia</em> and <em>Sorbus</em> genera, in small hollows in Cotoneaster and considerably below the level of epidermis cells in <em>Crataegus</em>. The thickness of glandular layer was approximate for each genera. Sorbus intermedia and the species of <em>Crataegus</em> genus wer distinguishable by the thickest nectaries. The concentration of brachysclereids occurred in subglandular tissue of <em>Crataegus crus-galli</em> and of <em>Sorbus</em> both species. Vascular bundles, stocking the nectary, mostly consisted of phloem and xylem, but in <em>Aronia, Cotoneaster praecox</em> and <em>C. lucida</em> only phloem was noticed. The dependence between thickness of glandular layer, studied anatomical features and the volume of secreted nectar is discussed.

scholarly journals Comparative structure of the osmophores in the flowers of Stanhopea graveolens Lindley and Cycnoches chlorochilon Klotzsch (Orchidaceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Antoń ◽  
Magdalena Kamińska ◽  
Małgorzata Stpiczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Scent Glands ◽  
Euglossine Bees ◽  
Dense Cytoplasm ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Comparative Structure

The structure of the osmophores in <i>Stanhopea graveolens</i> and <i>Cycnoches chlorochilon</i> was studied by means of light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The scent glands are located in the basal part of the labellum. The surface of the osmophores is wrinkled or rugose, which increases the area of fragrance emission. On the surface of the epidermis, remnants of secretion are noticeable in <i>S. graveolens</i>, but these are absent in <i>C. chlorochilon</i>. The osmophore tissue is composed of secretory epidermal cells and several layers of subepidermal parenchyma, and it is supplied by vascular bundles that run in ground parenchyma. The secretory cells have large nuclei, a dense cytoplasm with numerous ER profiles, lipid droplets, and plastids with a substantial amount of starch, which are probably involved in the synthesis of volatile substances. In the cell walls of the osmophore cells, numerous pits with plasmodesmata occur that are likely to take part in symplastic transport of the scent compounds. The structure of the osmophores is similar in both investigated species. Both <i>S. graveolens</i> and <i>C. chlorochilon</i> are pollinated by euglossine bees, and such similarity results from adaptation to effective scent emission and attraction of pollinators.

scholarly journals The structure of the spur nectary in Dendrobium finisterrae Schltr. (Dendrobiinae, Orchidaceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kamińska ◽  
Małgorzata Stpiczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Nectar Guides ◽  
Floral Nectary ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Secretory Tissue ◽  
The One

To date, the structure of the nectary spur of <i>Dendrobium finisterrae</i> has not been studied in detail, and the present paper compares the structural organization of the floral nectary in this species with the spurs of other taxa. The nectary spur of <i>D. finisterrae</i> was examined by means of light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is composed of a single layer of secretory epidermis and several layers of small and compactly arranged subepidermal secretory cells. The secretory cells have thick cellulosic cell walls with primary pits. The secretory tissue is supplied by vascular bundles that run beneath in ground parenchyma and are additionally surrounded by strands of sclerenchymatous fibers. The flowers of the investigated species displayed morphological features characteristic of bee-pollinated taxa, as they are zygomorphic, creamy-green coloured with evident nectar guides. They also emit a weak but nice scent. However, they possess some characters attributed to bird-pollinated flowers such as a short, massive nectary spur and collenchymatous secretory tissue that closely resembles the one found in the nectaries of certain species that are thought to be bird-pollinated. This similarity in anatomical organization of the nectary, regardless of geographical distribution and phylogeny, strongly indicates convergence and appears to be related to pollinator-driven selection.

scholarly journals Anatomical and morphological features of seedlings of some Cactoideae Eaton (Cactaceae Juss.) species

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halyna Kalashnyk ◽  
Nataliia Nuzhyna ◽  
Maryna Gaidarzhy
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Pith Parenchyma ◽  
Thin Walled

<p>Three-month-old seedlings of 11 species of the subfamily Cactoideae (<em>Melocactus bahiensis</em>, <em>Melocactus curvispinus</em>, <em>Echinopsis eyriesii</em>, <em>E. mirablis</em>, <em>E. peruviana</em>, <em>Oreocereus celsianus</em>, <em>Rebutia flavistyla</em>, <em>Rebutia minuscula</em>, <em>Astrophytum myriostigma</em>, <em>Mamillaria columbiana</em>, and <em>M. prolifera</em>) have been studied. These plants exhibit a uniseriate epidermis, covered by a thin cuticle. Except for <em>E. peruviana</em> and <em>A. myriostigma</em>, no hypodermis could be detected. The shoots of all studied specimens consist mainly of cortex parenchyma with large thin-walled cells. The pith parenchyma is composed of much smaller cells. Due to the fact that the cortex parenchyma comprises the largest portion of the cross-sectional area, it can be concluded that it is the main water-storing tissue. The extent of vascular tissue development varies. Collateral vascular bundles are present in the stele. The studied seedlings contain various ergastic substances, in particular inclusions of calcium oxalate (all studied species), starch (<em>Mammillaria prolifera</em>, <em>E. mirabilis</em>, and the genus <em>Melocactus</em>), inulin-like inclusions, and occasionally lipid drops (some <em>Echinopsis</em> species).</p><p>Thus, it was found that all studied plants have a highly specialized anatomical and morphological structure. At the same time, the epidermis and hypodermis are poorly developed. Accordingly, the adaptation to arid conditions of the examined seedlings involves an increased growth of the water-storing tissue and the production of ergastic substances.</p>

scholarly journals Morphology, histochemical test, potential, and conservation effort of Alpinia warburgii K. Schum., a native species to Sulawesi

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012014
Author(s):  
Trimanto ◽  
L Hapsari
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Conservation Effort ◽  
Histochemical Tests

Abstract Alpinia warburgii is a species of the Zingiberaceae family native to Sulawesi. This study aims to characterize the plant morphology; analyze the anatomical structure, histochemical localization, and secretory cell structure of the rhizome; also discuss the potential and conservation effort of the species. Anatomical study and histochemical tests were observed microscopically using the fresh preparation method and wet mounted slide. Histochemical tests carried out include starch, protein, lipid, tannin, alkaloid, and flavonoid. This study is considered the first report of histochemical tests on A. warburgii. The main morphological characteristics of A. warburgii are perennial herbaceous; inflorescence terminal and raceme; flowers white, labellum obovate with red lines in the middle, and flanked by light green edges; fruit globose, green when young and yellow when ripe. The rhizome anatomical structure comprises the epidermis, endodermis, hypodermis, parenchyma, cortex, and vascular bundles, classified as closed collateral type. Histochemical tests showed positive localization for starch, protein, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. The density of flavonoids secretory cells is higher than tannins and alkaloids, which indicates its potential as medicine to be associated with antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammation, and anticancer. In addition to in-situ, ex-situ conservation effort through propagation is also important to maintain the species.

scholarly journals Observations on the Biology and Anatomy of Myerslopiidae (Hemiptera, Membracoidea)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Rakitov
Keyword(s):  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Phloem Sap ◽  
Pan Traps

Adults and nymphs ofMapuchea chilensis(Nielson), from the poorly known family Myerslopiidae, were collected from the litter horizon of temperate forests and shrub bogs in southern Chile. The species apparently feeds on roots and creeping stems of angiosperms. Salivary sheaths of captive specimens terminated in vascular bundles. Indirect evidence suggests feeding on phloem sap. Both nymphs and adults are strong jumpers and both actively disperse, as evidenced by their capture in pan traps. The Malpighian tubules of this species produce no brochosomes and, unlike in most previously studied Membracoidea, comprise no specialized secretory segment. Each tubule comprises secretory cells scattered among excretory ones, a condition not previously known among Hemiptera.

scholarly journals Morphology, anatomy and ultrastructure of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) floral nectaries

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Sulborska ◽  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska
Keyword(s):  
Cell Ultrastructure ◽  
Achillea Millefolium ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Golgi Bodies ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Big Cell

The studies focused on the morphological and anatomical features as well as those related to the ultrastructure of nectary cells <i>Achillea millefolium</i> Asteraceae family. The nectary presence was confirmed only in the disk flowers at the pistil style base. The micromorphology of nectaries was investigated in SEM, and structure was observed in a light and transmission electron microscopes. A number of layers composing a gland, the size and shape of epidermal and glandular cells were determined. The secretory cell ultrastructure was analyzed. The discoidal nectary gland observed from above had a pentagonal shape, 181.5 µm height and 299.4 µm diameter. It was built of the monolayer epidermis and 6 layers of the secretory cells on average. The glandular cells appeared to be bigger (27 µm) than the epidermal cells (22 µm), a cell shape in both tissues differed as well. The nectar secretion occured through the modified stomata. The stomata cells were at distinguishable greater size and raised above the surface of epidermis. The nectaries were supplied by the vascular bundles running from the pistil style up to the nectary base, not getting into the gland. In the cells of the nectary epidermis observed in TEM the big cell nuclei, numerous plastids, mitochondria and vacuoles with fibrous secretion deposits and vesicular structures were found. In the cells of the nectary secretory tissue there were dense cytoplasm, many plastids, mitochondria, Golgi bodies and the extensive network of the endoplasmic reticulum.

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