scholarly journals Light microscopical study of endosperm formation in Brassica napus L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A.M. Van Lammeren ◽  
H. Kieft ◽  
F. Ma ◽  
L. H. Van Veenendaal
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Microscopical Study ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Microtubular Cytoskeleton ◽  
Cellular Endosperm

The cellularization of the endosperm of <em>Brassica napus</em> was investigated with light microscopy after embedment in Technovit 7100. The microtubular cytoskeleton was visualized by immunofluorescence techniques after embedment in butyl methyl metacrylate (BMM). The analyses of sectioned seeds, sampled at various developmental stages, revealed that the endosperm has a nuclear phase up to the early heart shaped stage of the embryo. From the heart shaped stage onwards cells and alveoli are formed in the endosperm. The cellularization of endosperm was preceded by alveolus formation except in the region surrounding the embryo suspensor and in the chalazal zone of the embryo sac where the nuclear endosperm vacuolated and cell walls were formed all around the nuclei. Alveolus formation only occurred when nuclei had attained a dense distribution in the layer of cytoplasm aligning the wall of the central cell. When nuclei divided within the alveoli, cell plate formation resulted in the formation of mononuclear endosperm cells along the embryo sac wall. When the walls of the alveoli grew towards the centre of the embryo sac, alveoli regularly closed leaving space for enlargement of the remaining alveoli. In this way endosperm cells enlarged going from the periphery to the central area of the embryo sac. The microtubular cytoskeleton was visualized in the nuclear, alveolar and cellular endosperm. The pattern observed, showed that the organization and function of the microtubular arrays was as generally found during endosperm development.

Microtubular and actin filament configurations during microspore and pollen development in Brassica napus cv. Topas

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1369-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hause ◽  
B. Hause ◽  
A. A. M. Van Lammeren
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Pollen Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Generative Cell ◽  
Immunofluorescent Staining ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Rhodamine Phalloidin ◽  
Microtubular Cytoskeleton ◽  
Microspore Mitosis

The structures of the microtubular and microfilamental cytoskeletons were investigated during the development of microspores and pollen grains of Brassica napus L. cv. Topas. Microfilaments were observed directly with rhodamine–phalloidin and microtubules with FITC by indirect immunofluorescent staining and transmission electron microscopy. We observed microtubules in all developmental stages and noted several changes in the configuration of the microtubular cytoskeleton during microspore development, microspore mitosis, and pollen development. A preprophase band before microspore mitosis was not observed. The arrest of the microspore nucleus in an eccentric position is likely caused by microtubules as is the shape of the phragmoplast at microspore mitosis. Despite the application of various staining methods, i.e., labelling of fixed and unfixed fresh and cryosectioned microspores and pollen with rhodamine–phalloidin, microfilaments could not be observed in all developmental stages. Prominent microfilamental arrays were observed during cytokinesis of microspore mitosis and during the free generative cell stage. They mark the stages with different configurations. Key words: Brassica napus, immunolabelling, cytoskeleton, microspore and pollen development.

Isolation of viable egg cells of rape (Brassica napus L.)

Zygote ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norio Katoh ◽  
Horst Lörz ◽  
Erhard Kranz
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Brassica Napus L

SummaryThe isolation of viable egg cells of rape (Brassica napus L.) has been achieved from microdissected ovules. The non-gametic cells of the embryo sac, synergids and central cells have also been isolated. Their morphology corresponded to that of these cells in situ, making a discrimination from isolated sporophytic cells possible. Two hours after isolation the egg cells were still viable. Viable egg cells have been reproducibly isolated with afrequency of 25% per dissected ovule.

scholarly journals Correlation Analysis of Phenolic Contents and Antioxidation in Yellow- and Black-Seeded Brassica napus

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Wang ◽  
Guisheng Meng ◽  
Sailing Chen ◽  
Yajie Chen ◽  
Jinjin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Phenolic Components ◽  
Antioxidant Characteristics ◽  
Black Seeds ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Brassica napus L. is rich in phenolic components and it has natural antioxidant characteristics which are important to human health. In the present study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of developing seeds of yellow- and black-seeded B. napus were compared. Both phenolic and flavonoid contents were significantly higher at 5 weeks after flowering (WAF) in black seeds (6.44 ± 0.97 mg EE/g phenolics and 3.78 ± 0.05 mg EE/g flavonoids) than yellow seeds (2.80 ± 0.13 mg/g phenolics and 0.83 ± 0.01 mg/g flavonoids). HPLC–DAD–ESI/MS analysis revealed different content of 56 phenolic components between yellow and black-seeded B. napus, including kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-sophoroside, procyanidin B2 ([DP 2]), which were significantly reduced in yellow seeds compared with black seeds. Applying the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical assay, we found maximum clearance of DPPH and ABTS in the late developmental stages of yellow and black seeds. Additionally, the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value maximized at 5 WAF in black seeds (432.52 ± 69.98 μmol Fe (II)/g DW) and 6 WAF in yellow seeds (274.08 ± 2.40 μmol Fe (II)/g DW). Generally, antioxidant ability was significantly reduced in yellow-seeded B. napus compared to black rapeseed, and positive correlations between antioxidation and flavonoid content were found in both yellow- and black-seeded B. napus.

scholarly journals The occurrence of glucosinolates during the flowering and maturation of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucyna Drozdowska ◽  
Janina Rogozińska
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Continuous Accumulation

It was found that in the vegetative organs of rape, glucosinolates are present in insignificant amounts and their content decreases toward development. Higher amounts were found in flower buds; in the course of seed formation, continuous accumulation of giucosinolates proceeds up to the stage of technical maturity. Among the glucosinolates, progoitrin predominated during all developmental stages.

The role of plastidial transporters in developing embryos of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) for fatty acid synthesis

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Kubis ◽  
S. Rawsthorne
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Brassica Napus L

The phosphoenolpyruvate transporter (PPT) is one of several important transporters for channelling carbon intermediates utilized for fatty acid synthesis and other plastidial pathways from the cytosol into the plastid. In this paper we show results on how the activity of the PPT changes between two important, physiologically different developmental stages of oilseed rape embryos.

Cytoplasmic male sterility in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.): female fertility of restored rapeseed with "Ogura" and cybrids cytoplasms

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pellan-Delourme ◽  
M. Renard
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Restorer Genes

The study of Brassica napus L. plants carrying restorer genes introgressed from radish (Raphanus sativus L.) showed that these genes ensured restoration of male fertility in rapeseed for all the male sterility-inducing cytoplasm studied, i.e., "Ogura"-type cytoplasm and that of four cybrids obtained by protoplast fusion. Plants with high levels of restored male fertility were obtained. However, the introduction of restorer genes was accompanied by a large decrease in seed set. Observations of embryo sacs inside the ovules and correlation between number of seeds per pod and percentage of octonucleate embryo sacs indicated that low seed set could be attributed to a high rate of embryo sac abortion, mainly at the uninucleate stage. Introduction of too much radish genetic information was assumed to be the cause of this low female fertility. Female fertility must be improved before the restored material can be used for F1 hybrid rapeseed production.Key words: Brassica napus, Raphanus sativus, cytoplasmic male sterility, restorer, cybrid, female fertility, embryo sac.

scholarly journals Dynamic genetic effects on threonine content in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) meal at different developmental stages

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 101-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Chen ◽  
J. Wu ◽  
Ch. Shi
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Ge Interaction ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Main Effects

&nbsp;Dynamic genetic effects on threonine content (TC) of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) meal were analysed at 5 developmental times/stages using the genetic models for diploid plant seeds. Results indicated that the expression of diploid embryo, cytoplasmic and diploid maternal plant genes were all important for the performance of TC at various developmental times/stages of rapeseed, especially at the early and middle developmental stages. Among different genetic systems, TC was mainly controlled by the cumulative or net maternal main effects and the genotype &times; environment (GE) interaction effects, followed by the embryo main effects and GE interaction effects. The expression of genes was more easily influenced by the environmental factors at the first three developmental stages. The total narrow-sense heritabilities for TC on 15, 22, 29, 36 and 43 days post anthesis were 46.50, 62.60, 57.10, 84.70 and 59.50%, respectively, of which the interaction heritabilities were more important at the first three developmental stages of rapeseed. The improvement in TC of rapeseed meal could be expected by selection based on the higher narrow-sense heritabilities near maturity. The predicted genetic effects of parents showed that TC of progeny could be improved by using the parent Gaoyou 605. &nbsp;

Retarded embryo growth and early degeneration of sporophytic tissue are associated with embryo abortion in the interspecific cross Alstroemeria pelegrina × Alstroemeria aurea

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 916-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjo J. De Jeu ◽  
Francesc Garriga Calderé
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
The Self ◽  
Embryo Abortion ◽  
Sporophytic Tissue ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
The Cross

Histological studies on crosses between distantly related Alstroemeria species revealed post-fertilization crossing barriers. Developmental events between normal developing seeds (after self-fertilization) and aborting seeds (after cross-fertilization) during 0–32 days after pollination were compared. In both cases the pollen tube remained as a swollen structure inside the micropyle during eight days, and thereafter degenerated. The first division of the zygote occurred within four days after pollination and resulted in a polar two-celled proembryo with a large basal cell and a small apical cell. The self-fertilized embryos developed a polar structure with suspensor and a globular embryo eight days after pollination according to the monocotyledonous type. The cross-fertilized zygotes showed retardation and deviation in plane of the cell plate in the second and third divisions, resulting respectively in linear three-celled and eight-celled proembryos 4–6 days after pollination. Differentiation in suspensor and globular stage embryos proper was not found in the cross-fertilized ovules but in stead aberrant undifferentiated embryos were observed, which formed two groups of cells in later stages. Endosperm development was quite similar in both cases till 12 days after pollination, when the coenocytic endosperm of the self-fertilized ovules formed cell walls around the nuclei, whereas cell wall formation was completely absent in the cross-fertilized ovules. The chalazal nucellus of the cross-fertilized ovules started to degenerate six days after pollination, and presumably restricted the flow of carbohydrates to the developing embryo and endosperm. Subsequently, a loss of contact between the endospermic transfer wall and the chalazal nucellus occurred after twelve days of development. Finally the cross-fertilized embryos aborted after they had lost their contact with the micropylar side of the former embryo sac. Thus, a number of events occurred from the second division of the hybrid zygote onwards, all leading to the abortion of the embryo 18–22 days after pollination. It seemed that during the early cell divisions of the zygote the fate of the embryo was already determined. Embryo abortion was associated with retarded embryo growth and early degeneration of sporophytic tissue. Key words: Alstroemeria spp., interspecific hybridization, embryogenesis, embryo abortion, endosperm degeneration, chalazal nucellus degeneration.

Dynamic and comparative QTL analysis for plant height in different developmental stages of Brassica napus L.

2015 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 1175-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Wang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Yan Long ◽  
Liezhao Liu ◽  
Yajun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Qtl Analysis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Brassica Napus L
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