Microtubular and actin filament configurations during microspore and pollen development in Brassica napus cv. Topas

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1369-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hause ◽  
B. Hause ◽  
A. A. M. Van Lammeren
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Pollen Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Generative Cell ◽  
Immunofluorescent Staining ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Rhodamine Phalloidin ◽  
Microtubular Cytoskeleton ◽  
Microspore Mitosis

The structures of the microtubular and microfilamental cytoskeletons were investigated during the development of microspores and pollen grains of Brassica napus L. cv. Topas. Microfilaments were observed directly with rhodamine–phalloidin and microtubules with FITC by indirect immunofluorescent staining and transmission electron microscopy. We observed microtubules in all developmental stages and noted several changes in the configuration of the microtubular cytoskeleton during microspore development, microspore mitosis, and pollen development. A preprophase band before microspore mitosis was not observed. The arrest of the microspore nucleus in an eccentric position is likely caused by microtubules as is the shape of the phragmoplast at microspore mitosis. Despite the application of various staining methods, i.e., labelling of fixed and unfixed fresh and cryosectioned microspores and pollen with rhodamine–phalloidin, microfilaments could not be observed in all developmental stages. Prominent microfilamental arrays were observed during cytokinesis of microspore mitosis and during the free generative cell stage. They mark the stages with different configurations. Key words: Brassica napus, immunolabelling, cytoskeleton, microspore and pollen development.

scholarly journals Light microscopical study of endosperm formation in Brassica napus L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A.M. Van Lammeren ◽  
H. Kieft ◽  
F. Ma ◽  
L. H. Van Veenendaal
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Microscopical Study ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Microtubular Cytoskeleton ◽  
Cellular Endosperm

The cellularization of the endosperm of <em>Brassica napus</em> was investigated with light microscopy after embedment in Technovit 7100. The microtubular cytoskeleton was visualized by immunofluorescence techniques after embedment in butyl methyl metacrylate (BMM). The analyses of sectioned seeds, sampled at various developmental stages, revealed that the endosperm has a nuclear phase up to the early heart shaped stage of the embryo. From the heart shaped stage onwards cells and alveoli are formed in the endosperm. The cellularization of endosperm was preceded by alveolus formation except in the region surrounding the embryo suspensor and in the chalazal zone of the embryo sac where the nuclear endosperm vacuolated and cell walls were formed all around the nuclei. Alveolus formation only occurred when nuclei had attained a dense distribution in the layer of cytoplasm aligning the wall of the central cell. When nuclei divided within the alveoli, cell plate formation resulted in the formation of mononuclear endosperm cells along the embryo sac wall. When the walls of the alveoli grew towards the centre of the embryo sac, alveoli regularly closed leaving space for enlargement of the remaining alveoli. In this way endosperm cells enlarged going from the periphery to the central area of the embryo sac. The microtubular cytoskeleton was visualized in the nuclear, alveolar and cellular endosperm. The pattern observed, showed that the organization and function of the microtubular arrays was as generally found during endosperm development.

Analysis of gene expression profile in pollen development of recessive genic male sterile Brassica napus L. line S45A

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1363-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuning Chen ◽  
Shaolin Lei ◽  
Zhengfu Zhou ◽  
Fangqin Zeng ◽  
Bin Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Gene Expression Profile ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Pollen Development ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Brassica Napus L

scholarly journals Correlation Analysis of Phenolic Contents and Antioxidation in Yellow- and Black-Seeded Brassica napus

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Wang ◽  
Guisheng Meng ◽  
Sailing Chen ◽  
Yajie Chen ◽  
Jinjin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Phenolic Components ◽  
Antioxidant Characteristics ◽  
Black Seeds ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Brassica napus L. is rich in phenolic components and it has natural antioxidant characteristics which are important to human health. In the present study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of developing seeds of yellow- and black-seeded B. napus were compared. Both phenolic and flavonoid contents were significantly higher at 5 weeks after flowering (WAF) in black seeds (6.44 ± 0.97 mg EE/g phenolics and 3.78 ± 0.05 mg EE/g flavonoids) than yellow seeds (2.80 ± 0.13 mg/g phenolics and 0.83 ± 0.01 mg/g flavonoids). HPLC–DAD–ESI/MS analysis revealed different content of 56 phenolic components between yellow and black-seeded B. napus, including kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-sophoroside, procyanidin B2 ([DP 2]), which were significantly reduced in yellow seeds compared with black seeds. Applying the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical assay, we found maximum clearance of DPPH and ABTS in the late developmental stages of yellow and black seeds. Additionally, the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value maximized at 5 WAF in black seeds (432.52 ± 69.98 μmol Fe (II)/g DW) and 6 WAF in yellow seeds (274.08 ± 2.40 μmol Fe (II)/g DW). Generally, antioxidant ability was significantly reduced in yellow-seeded B. napus compared to black rapeseed, and positive correlations between antioxidation and flavonoid content were found in both yellow- and black-seeded B. napus.

scholarly journals The occurrence of glucosinolates during the flowering and maturation of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucyna Drozdowska ◽  
Janina Rogozińska
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Continuous Accumulation

It was found that in the vegetative organs of rape, glucosinolates are present in insignificant amounts and their content decreases toward development. Higher amounts were found in flower buds; in the course of seed formation, continuous accumulation of giucosinolates proceeds up to the stage of technical maturity. Among the glucosinolates, progoitrin predominated during all developmental stages.

sidecar pollen, an Arabidopsis thaliana male gametophytic mutant with aberrant cell divisions during pollen development

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (10) ◽  
pp. 3243-3253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.C. Chen ◽  
S. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Development ◽  
Vegetative Cell ◽  
Generative Cell ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Division Pattern ◽  
Pollen Plants ◽  
Microspore Mitosis ◽  
Pollen Tetrad ◽  
Asymmetric Mitosis

During pollen development each product of meiosis undergoes a stereotypical pattern of cell divisions to give rise to a three-celled gametophyte, the pollen grain. First an asymmetric mitosis generates a larger vegetative cell and a smaller generative cell, then the generative cell undergoes a second mitosis to give rise to two sperm cells. It is unknown how this pattern of cell divisions is controlled. We have identified an Arabidopsis gene, SIDECAR POLLEN, which is required for the normal cell division pattern during pollen development. In the genetic background of the NoO ecotype, sidecar pollen heterozygotes have about 45% wild-type pollen, 48% aborted pollen and 7% pollen with an extra cell. Homozygous sidecar pollen plants have about 20% wild-type pollen, 53% aborted pollen and 27% extra-celled pollen. Similar ratios of sidecar pollen phenotypes are seen in the Columbia ecotype but sidecar pollen is a gametophytic lethal in the Landsberg erecta ecotype. Thus this allele of sidecar pollen shows differential gametophytic penetrance and variable expressivity in different genetic backgrounds. The extra cell has the cell identity of a vegetative cell and is produced prior to any asymmetric microspore mitosis. Pollen tetrad analysis directly demonstrates that SIDECAR POLLEN is indeed expressed in male gametophytes. To our knowledge, scp is the first male gametophytic mutation to be described in Arabidopsis.

The role of plastidial transporters in developing embryos of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) for fatty acid synthesis

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Kubis ◽  
S. Rawsthorne
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Brassica Napus L

The phosphoenolpyruvate transporter (PPT) is one of several important transporters for channelling carbon intermediates utilized for fatty acid synthesis and other plastidial pathways from the cytosol into the plastid. In this paper we show results on how the activity of the PPT changes between two important, physiologically different developmental stages of oilseed rape embryos.

scholarly journals Dynamic genetic effects on threonine content in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) meal at different developmental stages

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 101-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Chen ◽  
J. Wu ◽  
Ch. Shi
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Ge Interaction ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Main Effects

&nbsp;Dynamic genetic effects on threonine content (TC) of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) meal were analysed at 5 developmental times/stages using the genetic models for diploid plant seeds. Results indicated that the expression of diploid embryo, cytoplasmic and diploid maternal plant genes were all important for the performance of TC at various developmental times/stages of rapeseed, especially at the early and middle developmental stages. Among different genetic systems, TC was mainly controlled by the cumulative or net maternal main effects and the genotype &times; environment (GE) interaction effects, followed by the embryo main effects and GE interaction effects. The expression of genes was more easily influenced by the environmental factors at the first three developmental stages. The total narrow-sense heritabilities for TC on 15, 22, 29, 36 and 43 days post anthesis were 46.50, 62.60, 57.10, 84.70 and 59.50%, respectively, of which the interaction heritabilities were more important at the first three developmental stages of rapeseed. The improvement in TC of rapeseed meal could be expected by selection based on the higher narrow-sense heritabilities near maturity. The predicted genetic effects of parents showed that TC of progeny could be improved by using the parent Gaoyou 605. &nbsp;

Anther and pollen development in garden pea and cultivated lentil

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (18) ◽  
pp. 1883-1900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Biddle
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Generative Cell ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Early Prophase ◽  
Callose Wall ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Sporogenous Tissue ◽  
Mother Cells

After conventional fixation procedures and embedding in low-viscosity resin, anthers were studied using light and electron microscopy. Wall development is dicotyledonous. Sporogenous tissue undergoes one mitosis before meiosis. Entry of pollen mother cells (PMCs) into meiosis is indicated by formation of a prominent polar nucleolar cap. Cytomictic channels form between PMCs in early prophase I. In Pisum sativum the middle lamella breaks down between meiocytes. The quartets are surrounded by an extensive callose wall within which primexine starts to form. Callose dissolution is centripetal. Once microspores are released from the callose wall tectate exine development continues and the pollen cytoplasm vacuolates. Mature cytoplasm of the pollen exhibits zonation. No plastids were observed in the generative cell. Endothecial cells develop extensive thickenings. In Pisum the thickenings are primarily cellulosic whereas in Lens culinare besides cellulose some lignin may be present. Various developmental stages of the secretory tapetum have been followed. Tapetal senescence begins at about microspore mitosis. Only minor variations in anther and pollen development occur between Pisum and Lens.

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