scholarly journals Effect of salt-stresses on the hormonal regulation of growth, photosynthesis and distribution of 14C-assimilates in bean plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Starck ◽  
R. Karwowska
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Regulation Of Growth

The experiments were carried out to study the effect of salt-stresses and ABA on the growth, photosynthesis and translocation of assimilates in bean plants. It was planed to reduce the content of GA<sub>3</sub> and cytokinins and increase ABA content in salinized plants. The results show that salt-stress (NaCl and concentrated nutrient solution), reduce all the investigated processes in a different degree. NaCl-stress retarded most seriously growth of apical part and blades in contrast to 7-times concentrated nutrient solution decreasing mainly the rate of root and blade growth. Photosynthesis and <sup>14</sup>C-translocation of <sup>14</sup>C-assimilates were retarded more seriously by NaCl than by 7-times concentrated nutrient. solution. In the case of seriously stressed plants GA<sub>3</sub> and cytokinins (more effectively) reversed the ,negative effect of stress conditions both on the photosynthesis and on the <sup>14</sup>C-tramslocation. On the basis of the obtained results, it seemes that changes in the rate of investigated processes in salinized plants are due to hormonal disturbances which cause directly or indirectly retardation of photosynthesis and trans-location of assimilates.

scholarly journals The effect of several stress conditions and growth regulators on photosynthesis and translocation of assimilates in the bean plant

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Strack ◽  
R. Karwowska ◽  
E. Kraszewska
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Balance Of Plant ◽  
Bean Plants

Studies were performed on young bean plants, grown in water culture. The effect of salt stress, X-flays and flooding on growth, photosynthesis and translocation of assimilates was investigated. Salt stress (NaCl and Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>), especially at - 4.5 atm. of water potential, depressed all the mentioned processes, but most dramatically - photosynthesis. Export of photosynthetes from the blades decreased. Salt stress not only reduced the rate of translocation, but also influenced the pattern of <sup>14</sup>C-distoibution, especially inhibited transport to apical part, with growth seriously retarded. Gibberellin (GA<sub>3</sub>, 100 ppm sprayed on leaves) counteracted the negative effects caused by salinization, but did not affected either photosynthesis, or translocation in plants from normal nutrient solution. The conclusion may be advanced, that salt stress disturbed the balance of plant hormones especially gibberellins, which probably participate in. regulation of assimilate translocation.

scholarly journals Effect of phytohormones on absorption and distribution of ions in salt-stressed bean plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 111-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Starck ◽  
Maria Kozińska
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Ion Absorption ◽  
Regulation Of Transport ◽  
Plant Seedlings

Bean plant seedlings grown in water culture were treated for 5 days either with NaCl or with 7-times concentrated nutrient solution (diminished water potential by 3-10<sup>3</sup> hPa in both cases). Control and stressed plants were treated for 24 hrs with zeatin and GA,. NaCl-stress reduced distinctly ion absorption rate (K, Ca and P). Zeatin and GA<sub>3</sub> promoted potassium uptake, but only in NaCI-treated plants. These hormones diminished Na accumulation in metabolically active organs but increased P- and Ca-content. In plants grown under both kind of stresses zeatin and GA<sub>3</sub> partially reestablished the ratio of the main mono- to divalent cations, which increased in the leaves and apical part of the stressed plants. ABA introduced into the nutrient solution caused inhibition of the ion uptake (K, Ca, Mg and P). similar to that caused by NaCl-stress. The above reported results seem to confirm the supposition, that hormones act as an important factor contributing to regulation of both uptake and distribution of ions. In this way growth substances may also participate in the regulation of transport of various substances (among others - assimilates) in the whole plant.

scholarly journals Thiourea and hydrogen peroxide priming improved K+ retention and source-sink relationship for mitigating salt stress in rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Pandey ◽  
Radha Krishna Paladi ◽  
Ashish Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Penna Suprasanna
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Redox Environment ◽  
Source Sink

AbstractPlant bioregulators (PBRs) represent low-cost chemicals for boosting plant defense, especially under stress conditions. In the present study, redox based PBRs such as thiourea (TU; a non-physiological thiol-based ROS scavenger) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; a prevalent biological ROS) were assessed for their ability to mitigate NaCl stress in rice variety IR 64. Despite their contrasting redox chemistry, TU or H2O2 supplementation under NaCl [NaCl + TU (NT) or NaCl + H2O2 (NH)] generated a reducing redox environment in planta, which improved the plant growth compared with those of NaCl alone treatment. This was concomitant with better K+ retention and upregulated expression of NaCl defense related genes including HAK21, LEA1, TSPO and EN20 in both NT and NH treated seedlings. Under field conditions, foliar applications of TU and H2O2, at vegetative growth, pre-flowering and grain filling stages, increased growth and yield attributes under both control and NaCl stress conditions. Principal component analysis revealed glutathione reductase dependent reduced ROS accumulation in source (flag leaves) and sucrose synthase mediated sucrose catabolism in sink (developing inflorescence), as the key variables associated with NT and NH mediated effects, respectively. In addition, photosystem-II efficiency, K+ retention and source-sink relationship were also improved in TU and H2O2 treated plants. Taken together, our study highlights that reducing redox environment acts as a central regulator of plant’s tolerance responses to salt stress. In addition, TU and H2O2 are proposed as potential redox-based PBRs for boosting rice productivity under the realistic field conditions.

Ultrastructural and biochemical changes induced by salt stress in Jatropha curcas seeds during germination and seedling development

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nara L. M. Alencar ◽  
Cibelle G. Gadelha ◽  
Maria I. Gallão ◽  
Mary A. H. Dolder ◽  
José T. Prisco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes

Jatropha curcas L. is a multipurpose species of the Euphorbiaceae family that is widespread in arid and semiarid regions. This study investigated the ultrastructural and biochemical changes induced by salt stress during J. curcas seed germination and seedling development. Salt stress negatively affected seed germination and increased Na+ and Cl– contents in endosperms and embryo-axis. Lipids represented the most abundant reserves (64% of the quiescent seed dry mass), and their levels were strongly decreased at 8 days after imbibition (DAI) under salinity stress. Proteins were the second most important reserve (21.3%), and their levels were also reduced under salt stress conditions. Starch showed a transient increase at 5 DAI under control conditions, which was correlated with intense lipid mobilisation during this period. Non-reducing sugars and free amino acids were increased in control seeds compared with quiescent seeds, whereas under the salt-stress conditions, minimal changes were observed. In addition, cytochemical and ultrastructural analyses confirmed greater alterations in the cellular reserves of seeds that had been germinated under NaCl stress conditions. Salt stress promoted delays in protein and lipid mobilisation and induced ultrastructural changes in salt-stressed endosperm cells, consistent with delayed protein and oil body degradation.

scholarly journals Thuricin17 Production and Proteome Differences in Bacillus thuringiensis NEB17 Cell-Free Supernatant Under NaCl Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sowmyalakshmi Subramanian ◽  
Alfred Souleimanov ◽  
Donald L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Translation Initiation Factor ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Proteomics Data

Bacillus thuringiensis strain NEB17, produces a bacteriocin, thuricin17 (Th17) and is known to promote the growth more effectively under salt stress conditions. In this study, bacterial salt stress tolerance screening and the possible changes in its secretome under two levels of NaCl stress was evaluated. The salt tolerance screening suggested that the bacterium is able to grow and survive in up to 900 mM NaCl. Thuricin17 production at salt levels from 100 to 500 mM NaCl was quantified using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Salt stress adversely affected the production of Th17 at levels as low as 100 mM NaCl; and the production stopped at 500 mM NaCl, despite the bacterium thriving at these salt levels. Hence, a comparative proteomic study was conducted on the supernatant of the bacterium after 42 h of growth, when Th17 production peaked in the control culture, as determined by Liquid Chromatography - Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Optimal (salt free) bacterial culture served as a control and 200 and 500 mM NaCl as stress conditions. As salt levels increased, the major enzyme classes, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, and ligases showed increased abundance as compared to the control, mostly related to molecular function mechanisms. Some of the notable up-regulated proteins in 500 mM NaCl stress conditions included an S-layer protein, chitin binding domain 3 protein, enterotoxins, phosphopentomutase, glucose 6-phosphate isomerase and bacterial translation initiation factor; while notable down-regulated proteins included hemolytic enterotoxin, phospholipase, sphingomyelinase C, cold shock DNA-binding protein family and alcohol dehydrogenase. These results indicate that, as the salt stress levels increase, the bacterium probably shuts down the production of Th17 and regulates its molecular functional mechanisms to overcome stress. This study indicates that end users have the option of using Th17 as a biostimulant or the live bacterial inoculum depending on the soil salt characteristics, for crop production. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to Mass Spectrometry Interactive Virtual Environment (MassIVE) with the dataset identifier PXD024069, and doi: 10.25345/C5RB8T.

Effect of Salt Stress on the Production and Properties of Extracellular Polysaccharides Produced by Cryptococcus laurentii

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 444-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emília Breierová ◽  
Zdenka Hromádková ◽  
Eva Stratilová ◽  
Vlasta Sasinková ◽  
Anna Ebringerová
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Degree Of Branching

The composition, main structural features and molecular properties of exopolysaccharides (EP) produced by Cryptococcus laurentii var. laurentii CCY 17-3-16 under optimal (EPo) and NaCl-stress conditions (EPs) as well as their subfractions isolated by gel chromatography were studied using chemical, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy methods. The results showed that under stress conditions the yeast produced EP with a lower content of protein and phosphorus. In comparison to EPo, the EPs exhibited a substantially larger proportion of high molecular mass populations. NMR analysis of EPs revealed a higher degree of branching with single xylose side chains of the heteromannan components. The increase of the molecular mass and degree of branching of the macromolecular chains of the heteromannan components might in part be related to the function of EPs to protect the yeast cells from water loss and maintain growth conditions under the salt stress.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of NaCl stressed cowpea plants grown in nutrient solution supplemented with CaCl2

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Vieira Silva ◽  
Claudivan Feitosa de Lacerda ◽  
Paulo Henrique Alves da Costa ◽  
Joaquim Enéas Filho ◽  
Enéas Gomes Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Stress Effects

Pitiuba cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) plants were grown in nutrient solution and kept in a greenhouse up to pre-flowering stage. They were subjected to four different treatments: nutrient solution; nutrient solution containing 75 mmol.L-1 NaCl; nutrient solution containing 75 mmol.L-1 NaCl and 5 mmol.L-1 CaCl2; and nutrient solution containing 75 mmol.L-1 NaCl and 10 mmol.L-1 CaCl2. Salt stress strongly inhibited plant growth, caused a disturbance in plant-water balance, and increased the total content of inorganic solutes in the different plant parts, due mainly to accumulation of Na+ and Cl-. It also increased leaf and root soluble carbohydrates, reduced soluble amino nitrogen both in root tips and in the youngest trifoliate leaves, and reduced proline levels in root tips. Although the addition of CaCl2 to the root environment of salt stressed plants caused a reduction in Na+ content, specially in roots, it did not ameliorate the salt stress effects on plant-water relations and growth. Therefore, the results obtained do not support the hypothesis that supplemental calcium would ameliorate the inhibitory effects of NaCl-stress.

scholarly journals Ethylene and Sulfur Coordinately Modulate the Antioxidant System and ABA Accumulation in Mustard Plants under Salt Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Mehar Fatma ◽  
Noushina Iqbal ◽  
Harsha Gautam ◽  
Zebus Sehar ◽  
Adriano Sofo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Stomatal Responses ◽  
Ethylene Action ◽  
Aba Content

This study explored the interactive effect of ethephon (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid; an ethylene source) and sulfur (S) in regulating the antioxidant system and ABA content and in maintaining stomatal responses, chloroplast structure, and photosynthetic performance of mustard plants (Brassica juncea L. Czern.) grown under 100 mM NaCl stress. The treatment of ethephon (200 µL L−1) and S (200 mg S kg−1 soil) together markedly improved the activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle, resulting in declined oxidative stress through lesser content of sodium (Na+) ion and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in salt-stressed plants. These changes promoted the development of chloroplast thylakoids and photosynthetic performance under salt stress. Ethephon + S also reduced abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in guard cell, leading to maximal stomatal conductance under salt stress. The inhibition of ethylene action by norbornadiene (NBD) in salt- plus non-stressed treated plants increased ABA and H2O2 contents, and reduced stomatal opening, suggesting the involvement of ethephon and S in regulating stomatal conductance. These findings suggest that ethephon and S modulate antioxidant system and ABA accumulation in guard cells, controlling stomatal conductance, and the structure and efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus in plants under salt stress.

scholarly journals Mitigation of NaCl Stress in Wheat by Rhizosphere Engineering Using Salt Habitat Adapted PGPR Halotolerant Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1034
Author(s):  
Souhila Kerbab ◽  
Allaoua Silini ◽  
Ali Chenari Bouket ◽  
Hafsa Cherif-Silini ◽  
Manal Eshelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

There is a great interest in mitigating soil salinity that limits plant growth and productivity. In this study, eighty-nine strains were isolated from the rhizosphere and endosphere of two halophyte species (Suaeda mollis and Salsola tetrandra) collected from three chotts in Algeria. They were screened for diverse plant growth-promoting traits, antifungal activity and tolerance to different physico-chemical conditions (pH, PEG, and NaCl) to evaluate their efficiency in mitigating salt stress and enhancing the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana and durum wheat under NaCl–stress conditions. Three bacterial strains BR5, OR15, and RB13 were finally selected and identified as Bacillus atropheus. The Bacterial strains (separately and combined) were then used for inoculating Arabidopsis thaliana and durum wheat during the seed germination stage under NaCl stress conditions. Results indicated that inoculation of both plant spp. with the bacterial strains separately or combined considerably improved the growth parameters. Three soils with different salinity levels (S1 = 0.48, S2 = 3.81, and S3 = 2.80 mS/cm) were used to investigate the effects of selected strains (BR5, OR15, and RB13; separately and combined) on several growth parameters of wheat plants. The inoculation (notably the multi-strain consortium) proved a better approach to increase the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents as compared to control plants. However, proline content, lipid peroxidation, and activities of antioxidant enzymes decreased after inoculation with the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that can attenuate the adverse effects of salt stress by reducing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These results indicated that under saline soil conditions, halotolerant PGPR strains are promising candidates as biofertilizers under salt stress conditions.

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