Ultrastructural and biochemical changes induced by salt stress in Jatropha curcas seeds during germination and seedling development

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nara L. M. Alencar ◽  
Cibelle G. Gadelha ◽  
Maria I. Gallão ◽  
Mary A. H. Dolder ◽  
José T. Prisco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes

Jatropha curcas L. is a multipurpose species of the Euphorbiaceae family that is widespread in arid and semiarid regions. This study investigated the ultrastructural and biochemical changes induced by salt stress during J. curcas seed germination and seedling development. Salt stress negatively affected seed germination and increased Na+ and Cl– contents in endosperms and embryo-axis. Lipids represented the most abundant reserves (64% of the quiescent seed dry mass), and their levels were strongly decreased at 8 days after imbibition (DAI) under salinity stress. Proteins were the second most important reserve (21.3%), and their levels were also reduced under salt stress conditions. Starch showed a transient increase at 5 DAI under control conditions, which was correlated with intense lipid mobilisation during this period. Non-reducing sugars and free amino acids were increased in control seeds compared with quiescent seeds, whereas under the salt-stress conditions, minimal changes were observed. In addition, cytochemical and ultrastructural analyses confirmed greater alterations in the cellular reserves of seeds that had been germinated under NaCl stress conditions. Salt stress promoted delays in protein and lipid mobilisation and induced ultrastructural changes in salt-stressed endosperm cells, consistent with delayed protein and oil body degradation.

scholarly journals Thiourea and hydrogen peroxide priming improved K+ retention and source-sink relationship for mitigating salt stress in rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Pandey ◽  
Radha Krishna Paladi ◽  
Ashish Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Penna Suprasanna
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Redox Environment ◽  
Source Sink

AbstractPlant bioregulators (PBRs) represent low-cost chemicals for boosting plant defense, especially under stress conditions. In the present study, redox based PBRs such as thiourea (TU; a non-physiological thiol-based ROS scavenger) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; a prevalent biological ROS) were assessed for their ability to mitigate NaCl stress in rice variety IR 64. Despite their contrasting redox chemistry, TU or H2O2 supplementation under NaCl [NaCl + TU (NT) or NaCl + H2O2 (NH)] generated a reducing redox environment in planta, which improved the plant growth compared with those of NaCl alone treatment. This was concomitant with better K+ retention and upregulated expression of NaCl defense related genes including HAK21, LEA1, TSPO and EN20 in both NT and NH treated seedlings. Under field conditions, foliar applications of TU and H2O2, at vegetative growth, pre-flowering and grain filling stages, increased growth and yield attributes under both control and NaCl stress conditions. Principal component analysis revealed glutathione reductase dependent reduced ROS accumulation in source (flag leaves) and sucrose synthase mediated sucrose catabolism in sink (developing inflorescence), as the key variables associated with NT and NH mediated effects, respectively. In addition, photosystem-II efficiency, K+ retention and source-sink relationship were also improved in TU and H2O2 treated plants. Taken together, our study highlights that reducing redox environment acts as a central regulator of plant’s tolerance responses to salt stress. In addition, TU and H2O2 are proposed as potential redox-based PBRs for boosting rice productivity under the realistic field conditions.

scholarly journals MES7 Modulates Seed Germination via Regulating Salicylic Acid Content in Arabidopsis

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 903
Author(s):  
Wenrui Gao ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Juan Huang ◽  
Yaqiu Chen ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Seed germination is an important phase transitional period of angiosperm plants during which seeds are highly sensitive to different environmental conditions. Although seed germination is under the regulation of salicylic acid (SA) and other hormones, the molecular mechanism underlying these regulations remains mysterious. In this study, we determined the expression of SA methyl esterase (MES) family genes during seed germination. We found that MES7 expression decreases significantly in imbibed seeds, and the dysfunction of MES7 decreases SA content. Furthermore, MES7 reduces and promotes seed germination under normal and salt stress conditions, respectively. The application of SA restores the seed germination deficiencies of mes7 mutants under different conditions. Taking together, our observations uncover a MeSA hydrolytic enzyme, MES7, regulates seed germination via altering SA titer under normal and abiotic stress conditions.

scholarly journals The efficacy of different seed priming agents for promoting sorghum germination under salt stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245505
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Chen ◽  
Ruidong Zhang ◽  
Yifan Xing ◽  
Bing Jiang ◽  
Bang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Positive Effects

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] seed germination is sensitive to salinity, and seed priming is an effective method for alleviating the negative effects of salt stress on seed germination. However, few studies have compared the effects of different priming agents on sorghum germination under salt stress. In this study, we quantified the effects of priming with distilled water (HP), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on sorghum seed germination under 150 mM NaCl stress. The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight were significantly reduced by salt stress. Different priming treatments alleviated the germination inhibition caused by salt stress to varying degrees, and 50 mM CaCl2 was the most effective treatment. In addition, the mitigation effect of priming was stronger on root traits than on shoot traits. Mitigation efficacy was closely related to both the type of agent and the concentration of the solution. Principal component analysis showed that all concentrations of CaCl2 had higher scores and were clearly distinguished from other treatments based on their positive effects on all germination traits. The effects of the other agents varied with concentration. The priming treatments were divided into three categories based on their priming efficacy, and the 50, 100, and 150 mM CaCl2 treatments were placed in the first category. The 150 mM KCl, 10% PEG, HP, 150 mM NaCl, 30% PEG, and 50 mM KCl treatments were placed in the second category, and the 100 mM NaCl, 100 mM KCl, 20% PEG, and 50 mM NaCl treatments were least effective and were placed in the third category. Choosing appropriate priming agents and methods for future research and applications can ensure that crop seeds germinate healthily under saline conditions.

scholarly journals Inducing salt tolerance in sweet corn by magnetic priming

2017 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheil Karimi ◽  
Saeid ESHGHI ◽  
Saeid KARIMI ◽  
Saman HASAN-NEZHADIAN
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Membrane Thermostability ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Magnetic Priming

<p>This study evaluates seed germination and growth of sweet corn under NaCl stress (0, 50, and 100 mM), after exposing the seeds to weak (15 mT) or strong (150 mT) magnetic fields (MF) for different durations (0, 6, 12, and 24 hours). Salinity reduced seed germination and plant growth. MF treatments enhanced rate and percentage of germination and improved plant growth, regardless of salinity. Higher germination rate was obtained by the stronger MF, however, the seedling were more vigorous after priming with 15 mT MF. Proline accumulation was observed in parallel with the loss of plant water content under 100 mM NaCl stress. MF prevented proline accumulation by improving water absorption. Positive correlation between H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> accumulation and membrane thermostability (MTI) was found after MF treatments, which revealed that MF primed the plant for salinity by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> signaling. However, over-accumulation of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> after prolonged MF exposure adversely affected MTI under severe salt stress. In conclusion, magnetic priming for 6 hours was suggested for enhancing germination and growth of sweet corn under salt stress.</p>

scholarly journals Alterations in the root proteomes of Brassica napus cultivars under salt stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Hakan Terzi ◽  
Mustafa Yıldız
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Comparative Proteomics ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Protein Alterations ◽  
Root Proteins

Soil salinization is an important environmental problem affecting agricultural production worldwide. Seed germination is a critical process, and seedling establishment under saline conditions can be achieved by successful germination. In the present study, comparative proteomics combined with physiological analyses were used to investigate the protein alterations in germinating Brassica napus cultivars (Caravel and Sary) under NaCl stress. Seed germination declined with the increasing NaCl concentration. However, Caravel exhibited better performance in terms of seed germination and seedling growth under salinity stress. Therefore, Caravel was found to be more tolerant to salinity than Sary. The root proteins were extracted from B. napus cultivars germinating on a plant growth medium with or without 100 mM NaCl for seven days. After the root proteins had been separated by two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis, the differentially accumulated proteins were identified using MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. The comparative proteomics analysis revealed 12 and 27 statistically significant proteins accumulated in the NaCl-treated roots of Caravel and Sary, respectively. The identified proteins were mostly involved in protein metabolism, stress defense, cytoskeleton and cell wall metabolism, and energy metabolism. The salt-sensitive cultivar Sary displayed an elevated accumulation of proteins involved in antioxidant defense and the protein catabolic process such as superoxide dismutase [Fe], L-ascorbate peroxidase 1, and different components of the proteasome system. On the other hand, the levels of molecular chaperones including 20 kDa chaperonin, chaperonin CPN60, heat shock cognate protein HSC70, and heat shock 70 kDa protein 1 were higher in Caravel than Sary under salt stress. These findings will provide the possible mechanisms which contribute to salt tolerance and may serve as the basis for improving salinity tolerance in rapeseed.

scholarly journals Thuricin17 Production and Proteome Differences in Bacillus thuringiensis NEB17 Cell-Free Supernatant Under NaCl Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sowmyalakshmi Subramanian ◽  
Alfred Souleimanov ◽  
Donald L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Translation Initiation Factor ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Proteomics Data

Bacillus thuringiensis strain NEB17, produces a bacteriocin, thuricin17 (Th17) and is known to promote the growth more effectively under salt stress conditions. In this study, bacterial salt stress tolerance screening and the possible changes in its secretome under two levels of NaCl stress was evaluated. The salt tolerance screening suggested that the bacterium is able to grow and survive in up to 900 mM NaCl. Thuricin17 production at salt levels from 100 to 500 mM NaCl was quantified using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Salt stress adversely affected the production of Th17 at levels as low as 100 mM NaCl; and the production stopped at 500 mM NaCl, despite the bacterium thriving at these salt levels. Hence, a comparative proteomic study was conducted on the supernatant of the bacterium after 42 h of growth, when Th17 production peaked in the control culture, as determined by Liquid Chromatography - Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Optimal (salt free) bacterial culture served as a control and 200 and 500 mM NaCl as stress conditions. As salt levels increased, the major enzyme classes, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, and ligases showed increased abundance as compared to the control, mostly related to molecular function mechanisms. Some of the notable up-regulated proteins in 500 mM NaCl stress conditions included an S-layer protein, chitin binding domain 3 protein, enterotoxins, phosphopentomutase, glucose 6-phosphate isomerase and bacterial translation initiation factor; while notable down-regulated proteins included hemolytic enterotoxin, phospholipase, sphingomyelinase C, cold shock DNA-binding protein family and alcohol dehydrogenase. These results indicate that, as the salt stress levels increase, the bacterium probably shuts down the production of Th17 and regulates its molecular functional mechanisms to overcome stress. This study indicates that end users have the option of using Th17 as a biostimulant or the live bacterial inoculum depending on the soil salt characteristics, for crop production. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to Mass Spectrometry Interactive Virtual Environment (MassIVE) with the dataset identifier PXD024069, and doi: 10.25345/C5RB8T.

Seed germination under salt stress conditions in two Amaranthus species

2017 ◽  
Vol 256 ◽  
pp. S102
Author(s):  
Manel Bellache ◽  
Mohamad Al Hassan ◽  
Sugenith Arteaga ◽  
Leila Allal Benfekih ◽  
Monica Boscaiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Stress Conditions

Effect of Salt Stress on the Production and Properties of Extracellular Polysaccharides Produced by Cryptococcus laurentii

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 444-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emília Breierová ◽  
Zdenka Hromádková ◽  
Eva Stratilová ◽  
Vlasta Sasinková ◽  
Anna Ebringerová
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Degree Of Branching

The composition, main structural features and molecular properties of exopolysaccharides (EP) produced by Cryptococcus laurentii var. laurentii CCY 17-3-16 under optimal (EPo) and NaCl-stress conditions (EPs) as well as their subfractions isolated by gel chromatography were studied using chemical, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy methods. The results showed that under stress conditions the yeast produced EP with a lower content of protein and phosphorus. In comparison to EPo, the EPs exhibited a substantially larger proportion of high molecular mass populations. NMR analysis of EPs revealed a higher degree of branching with single xylose side chains of the heteromannan components. The increase of the molecular mass and degree of branching of the macromolecular chains of the heteromannan components might in part be related to the function of EPs to protect the yeast cells from water loss and maintain growth conditions under the salt stress.

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