scholarly journals Effect of phytohormones on absorption and distribution of ions in salt-stressed bean plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 111-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Starck ◽  
Maria Kozińska
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Ion Absorption ◽  
Regulation Of Transport ◽  
Plant Seedlings

Bean plant seedlings grown in water culture were treated for 5 days either with NaCl or with 7-times concentrated nutrient solution (diminished water potential by 3-10<sup>3</sup> hPa in both cases). Control and stressed plants were treated for 24 hrs with zeatin and GA,. NaCl-stress reduced distinctly ion absorption rate (K, Ca and P). Zeatin and GA<sub>3</sub> promoted potassium uptake, but only in NaCI-treated plants. These hormones diminished Na accumulation in metabolically active organs but increased P- and Ca-content. In plants grown under both kind of stresses zeatin and GA<sub>3</sub> partially reestablished the ratio of the main mono- to divalent cations, which increased in the leaves and apical part of the stressed plants. ABA introduced into the nutrient solution caused inhibition of the ion uptake (K, Ca, Mg and P). similar to that caused by NaCl-stress. The above reported results seem to confirm the supposition, that hormones act as an important factor contributing to regulation of both uptake and distribution of ions. In this way growth substances may also participate in the regulation of transport of various substances (among others - assimilates) in the whole plant.

scholarly journals Effect of salt-stresses on the hormonal regulation of growth, photosynthesis and distribution of 14C-assimilates in bean plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Starck ◽  
R. Karwowska
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Regulation Of Growth

The experiments were carried out to study the effect of salt-stresses and ABA on the growth, photosynthesis and translocation of assimilates in bean plants. It was planed to reduce the content of GA<sub>3</sub> and cytokinins and increase ABA content in salinized plants. The results show that salt-stress (NaCl and concentrated nutrient solution), reduce all the investigated processes in a different degree. NaCl-stress retarded most seriously growth of apical part and blades in contrast to 7-times concentrated nutrient solution decreasing mainly the rate of root and blade growth. Photosynthesis and <sup>14</sup>C-translocation of <sup>14</sup>C-assimilates were retarded more seriously by NaCl than by 7-times concentrated nutrient. solution. In the case of seriously stressed plants GA<sub>3</sub> and cytokinins (more effectively) reversed the ,negative effect of stress conditions both on the photosynthesis and on the <sup>14</sup>C-tramslocation. On the basis of the obtained results, it seemes that changes in the rate of investigated processes in salinized plants are due to hormonal disturbances which cause directly or indirectly retardation of photosynthesis and trans-location of assimilates.

scholarly journals The effect of several stress conditions and growth regulators on photosynthesis and translocation of assimilates in the bean plant

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Strack ◽  
R. Karwowska ◽  
E. Kraszewska
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Balance Of Plant ◽  
Bean Plants

Studies were performed on young bean plants, grown in water culture. The effect of salt stress, X-flays and flooding on growth, photosynthesis and translocation of assimilates was investigated. Salt stress (NaCl and Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>), especially at - 4.5 atm. of water potential, depressed all the mentioned processes, but most dramatically - photosynthesis. Export of photosynthetes from the blades decreased. Salt stress not only reduced the rate of translocation, but also influenced the pattern of <sup>14</sup>C-distoibution, especially inhibited transport to apical part, with growth seriously retarded. Gibberellin (GA<sub>3</sub>, 100 ppm sprayed on leaves) counteracted the negative effects caused by salinization, but did not affected either photosynthesis, or translocation in plants from normal nutrient solution. The conclusion may be advanced, that salt stress disturbed the balance of plant hormones especially gibberellins, which probably participate in. regulation of assimilate translocation.

Accumulation of arsenic and nutrients by castor bean plants grown on an As-enriched nutrient solution

2009 ◽  
Vol 168 (1) ◽  
pp. 479-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.E.C. Melo ◽  
E.T.S. Costa ◽  
L.R.G. Guilherme ◽  
V. Faquin ◽  
C.W.A. Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Bean Plants

scholarly journals Etiology and epidemiology of Pythium root rot in hydroponic crops: current knowledge and perspectives

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Clifford Sutton ◽  
Coralie Rachelle Sopher ◽  
Tony Nathaniel Owen-Going ◽  
Weizhong Liu ◽  
Bernard Grodzinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Pythium Root Rot ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Hydroponic Systems ◽  
The Impact

The etiology and epidemiology of Pythium root rot in hydroponically-grown crops are reviewed with emphasis on knowledge and concepts considered important for managing the disease in commercial greenhouses. Pythium root rot continually threatens the productivity of numerous kinds of crops in hydroponic systems around the world including cucumber, tomato, sweet pepper, spinach, lettuce, nasturtium, arugula, rose, and chrysanthemum. Principal causal agents include Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium dissotocum, members of Pythium group F, and Pythium ultimum var. ultimum. Perspectives are given of sources of initial inoculum of Pythium spp. in hydroponic systems, of infection and colonization of roots by the pathogens, symptom development and inoculum production in host roots, and inoculum dispersal in nutrient solutions. Recent findings that a specific elicitor produced by P. aphanidermatum may trigger necrosis (browning) of the roots and the transition from biotrophic to necrotrophic infection are considered. Effects on root rot epidemics of host factors (disease susceptibility, phenological growth stage, root exudates and phenolic substances), the root environment (rooting media, concentrations of dissolved oxygen and phenolic substances in the nutrient solution, microbial communities and temperature) and human interferences (cropping practices and control measures) are reviewed. Recent findings on predisposition of roots to Pythium attack by environmental stress factors are highlighted. The commonly minor impact on epidemics of measures to disinfest nutrient solution as it recirculates outside the crop is contrasted with the impact of treatments that suppress Pythium in the roots and root zone of the crop. New discoveries that infection of roots by P. aphanidermatum markedly slows the increase in leaf area and whole-plant carbon gain without significant effect on the efficiency of photosynthesis per unit area of leaf are noted. The platform of knowledge and understanding of the etiology and epidemiology of root rot, and its effects on the physiology of the whole plant, are discussed in relation to new research directions and development of better practices to manage the disease in hydroponic crops. Focus is on methods and technologies for tracking Pythium and root rot, and on developing, integrating, and optimizing treatments to suppress the pathogen in the root zone and progress of root rot.

Biochemical and physiological studies on dormancy release in tree buds. III. Changes in endogenous growth substances and a possible mechanism of dormancy release in overwintering vegetative buds of Populus balsamifera

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1483-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Bachelard ◽  
F. Wightman
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Growth ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Winter Dormancy ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Vegetative Buds ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Physiological Studies

Variations in the amounts of auxins, gibberellins, and inhibitors in vegetative buds of Populus balsamifera L. with the passage from winter dormancy to the spring flush of growth were examined using bioassay techniques. The patterns of change found for gibberellins and inhibitors and for the ratios between them were similar to the patterns reported earlier (Bachelard and Wightman 1973, unpublished) in the physiology and biochemistry of the buds.These results, and others reported in the literature, suggest a possible mechanism of dormancy release and subsequent growth from the buds. This mechanism involves gibberellins, inhibitors, and cytokinins and focusses attention on the coordination of growth in the whole plant.

scholarly journals Internalization of styryl dye FM1-43 in the hair cells of lateral line organs in Xenopus larvae.

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 733-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Nishikawa ◽  
F Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Cation Channel ◽  
Monovalent Cations ◽  
Photo Oxidation ◽  
Styryl Dye ◽  
Endocytic Activity

We used a fluorescent dye, FM1-43 to investigate mechanotransduction mechanisms in the hair cells of lateral line organs of Xenopus larvae. FM1-43 specifically labeled the hair cells. The photo-oxidation technique was performed with election microscopy to examine the labeling sites and their mechanisms. The results showed that the labeling sites were mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum throughout the cytoplasm. Endocytic activity of the hair cells was limited to endosomes and small granules located at the apical part of the cells. Blockers of the mechanosensitive cation channel (neomycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, and amiloride) effectively inhibited FM1-43 labeling. One of the blockers, amiloride, was found to bind to hair cells when its fluorescence was examined. Divalent cations such as Mg2+ and Ca2+, but not monovalent cations such as Na+ and K+, inhibited FM1-43 labeling when they were added in excess amounts. These results suggest that FM1-43 internalizes hair cells via the putative mechanosensitive cation channel in the plasma membrane.

Cellular and whole plant responses ofVigna radiata to NaCl stress

1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gulati ◽  
P. K. Jaiwal
Keyword(s):  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Whole Plant

scholarly journals Silicon Supplied via Root or Leaf Relieves Potassium Deficiency Effects in Common Bean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcilene Machado dos Santos Sarah ◽  
Renato de Mello Prado ◽  
Jonas Pereira de Souza Júnior ◽  
Gelza Carliane Marques Teixeira ◽  
João Carlos dos Santos Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
And Control

Abstract Potassium (K) deficiency affects physiological performance and decreasing vegetative growth in common bean plants. However, silicon (Si) supplied via nutrient solution or foliar application may relieve nutritional stress. Thus, two experiments were carried out: initially, a test was performed to determine the best source and concentration of leaf-applied Si. Subsequently, the chosen Si source was applied via nutrient solution or via leaf to verify if it is efficient in alleviating the effects caused by K deficiency. To that end, a completely randomized 2 x 3 factorial design was used, with two levels of K: deficient (0.2 mmol L− 1 of K) and sufficient (6 mmol L− 1 of K); and Si: via nutrient solution (2 mmol L− 1 of Si) or foliar spray (5.4 mmol L− 1 of Si) and control (0 mmol L− 1 of Si). In the first experiment, foliar spraying with sodium silicate and stabilized potassium at a concentration of 5.4 mmol L− 1 was better in favoring the physiology of bean plants. In the second experiment, K deficiency without the addition of Si compromised the plant's growth. Si applied through nutrient solution or foliar spray relieved K deficiency stress, increasing chlorophylls and carotenoids content, photosynthetic activity, water use efficiency and vegetative growth.

Accumulation of Cs and K and growth of bean plants in nutrient solution and soils

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nishita ◽  
D. Dixon ◽  
K. H. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Bean Plants
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document