scholarly journals Studies on certain aspects of root surface fungi II. Succession of fungi on decomposing Pennisetum typhoides (Burm. f.) Stapf et Hubb.

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
R. S. Kanaujia
Keyword(s):  
Root Surface ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Pennisetum Typhoides ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Rhizosphere Fungi ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Root Washing

Sixty seven fungal species from the nonrhizosphere (NR), rhizopshere (RS) and cortical (RPC) and steler (RPS) parts of rhizopshere of crown (RC), middle (RM) and distal (RD) regions of decomposing roots of <i>Pennisetum typhoides</i> Burm. f.) Stapf. et Hubb. were isolated during December to June, 1970-72. The number of fungal species gradually decreased from NR—RPS in horizontal and RC—RD in vertical regions. The fungal population was always higher in RS of different depths than in corresponding NR regions. The amino acids and sugar components of the roots showed a direct correlation with the fungal population. The amount of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin components of roots gradually decreased from December to June. Root-washing collected from RC, RM and RD regions exhibited the presence of vanillic acid and 3-4 dihydroxy benzoic acid during March and April. It also exerted an adverse effect on the 10 rhizosphere fungi during this period. pH and moisture contents showed a poor correlation with the fungal population cxcept during summer months. <i>Phycomycetes</i> with species of <i>Deuteromycetes</i> obtained in the first phase were followed by<i> Deuteromycetes</i> along with few <i>Ascomycetes</i> in the second phase. In the last Deuteromycetes with some slerile mycelia were isolated. Aspergilli were the most numerous throughout the present investigation.

scholarly journals Studies on certain aspects of root surface fungi III. Effect of harvesting

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
R. S. Kanaujia
Keyword(s):  
Root Surface ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Fungal Succession ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Vanilic Acid ◽  
Mycelia Sterilia

The effect of harvesting oi above ground part on the succession of fungi on crown, middle and distal regions of decomposing roots of <i>Pennisetum typhoides</i> (Burm f.) Stapf et Hubb. was investigated for a period of six months (January to June, 1971). The number of fungal species was generally lower in harvested plants than in standing plants whereas the fungal population exhibited the reverse trend. The amino acids, sugars. cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin components of the roots in different vertical regions were assessed and a correlation was established between the above factors and fungal succession in the two sets of plants. It was also noticed that roots in all the depths decomposed earlier than the set where aerial parts were left intact and no phytotoxins were detected in the harvested set against standing one where vanilic acid and 3-4 dihydroxy benzoic acids were chromatogrammed during Maroh and April. The pH and moisture content exhibited a poor correlation with the fungal succession. <i>Deuteromycetes</i> along with few <i>Phycomycetes</i> in the beginning, <i>Deuteromycetes</i> with few <i>Ascomycetes</i> in the second phase and <i>Deuteromycetes</i> along with <i>Mycelia sterilia</i> in the third phase were isolated.

scholarly journals Release of phytotoxins by decomposing roots of Pennisetum typhoides (Borm. f.) Staff et Hubb., their effect on soil fungi and succeeding crops

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Kanaujia
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Pennisetum Typhoides ◽  
Normal Field ◽  
Rhizosphere Fungi

The roots of <i>Pennisetum typhoides</i> decomposing in normal field conditions, in sterilized soil inoculated with 15 rhizosphere fungi and in field soil maintained at various moisture levels produced vanillic acid. 3-4-dihydroxy benzoic acid and hydroxy cinnamic acid. These acids proved toxic to the rhizosphere fungi and seeds and seedlings of certain crop plants. Out of 15 rhizosphere fungal species inoculated to the soil only 6 could induce the release of toxins, moreover, the phytotoxic substances were detected from the washing of the roots collected only on the 30th day. The moisture range which showed liberation of toxins was 20-70 per cent. The time of liberation of acids in different set s varied. These were, however, frequently liberated from washings collected from roots decomposed for 15. 30 and 45 days.

Phosphate Solubilization Potentials of Rhizosphere Fungi Isolated from Insecticide Treated Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Babatide Olufemi Oladapo ◽  
Esther Aanuoluwa Ekundayo ◽  
Mariam Olukemi Mokoolu ◽  
Fatuyi Olanipekun Ekundayo
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Phosphate Solubilization ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Rhizosphere Fungi ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphates

Abstract Insecticides are used widely to control a variety of pests and often residues of these insecticides are left in soil which may have impact on the phosphate solubilization potentials of rhizosphere fungi. Rhizosphere soils were collected from carefully uprooted cowpea seedlings with hand trowel on 50, 70 and 90th days of germination containing the lambda-cyhalothrin and dimethoate insecticides. Fungi associated with the above samples were identified by standard microbiological techniques. Screening for phosphate solubilization potential of the isolates was done by spot inoculation on Pikovskaya agar by measuring the clear zones around the colonies supplemented with tricalcium phosphates [Ca3(PO4)2]. The phosphatase produced by the fungal species was optimized using parameters such as incubation time, pH, temperature, carbon source and nitrogen source in submerged fermentation. The isolated rhizosphere fungi were identified as Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus terreus, Trichoderma viride, Arthroderma fulvum and Fusarium oxysporum. Among the isolates, Trichoderma viride showed the best ability to solubilize phosphate with solubilization index of 2.82 with dimethoate of 12.5ml/L of water. The optimization study for the enzyme production showed that the best incubation time for phosphatase production was 72 hours by Trichoderma viride. It was observed that the optimum pH for production of phosphatase by Trichoderma viride was 6.5. This study suggests that all the isolated fungi especially Trichoderma viride can adapt to these insecticidal treatments, which make them useful as biofertilizers to increase uptake of phosphorous in plants.

scholarly journals Studies on the rhizosphere mycoflora of certain trees

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 493-501
Author(s):  
Inder J. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Dalbergia Sissoo ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Soil Rhizosphere

Two soil types, one supporting <em>Prosopis juliflora</em> and another supporting <em>Dalbergia sissoo</em> were selected to study the mycoflora associated with soil, rhizosphere and rhizoplane during winter and rainy seasons. Variations in the fungal population and variety of soil, rhizosphere and rhizoplane in relation to the nature of the plant and season were studied. Similarities between the soil, rhizosphere and rhizoplane fungeal flora in relation to plant species and season were studied. Differences in the dominant fungal species are also described.

scholarly journals An investigation into the microbial infestation of poultry feeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MZ Alam ◽  
M Ashrafuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Fungal Flora ◽  
Poultry Feeds ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Feed Samples

The Experiments were carried out during the period of July 2001 to December 2002. Infestation of poultry feeds by fungi and aflatoxins content in feeds were determined. Ten feed samples were collected from ten different farms located in three different areas of Bangladesh. Five different fungal species belonging four genera were detected which were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium spp, Rhizopus stolonifer and Penicillium spp. Among them Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger were found in all the feed samples and the rest were occasionally found. Effect of storage and moisture content of feeds were studied for determining the influence on occurrence of fungal flora in feeds. Higher the storing period of feed along with higher moisture content resulted superior incidences of fungal population in stored feeds. Studied on storage practice with 4 duration of F1 sample revealed that the presence of aflatoxins were 30.52ppb, 33.36ppb, 37.32ppb and 48.35ppb of 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after production of feeds, respectively.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(1): 79-86, June 2015

scholarly journals Microbial deterioration of white variety sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) under different storage structures

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Tortoe ◽  
Mary Obodai ◽  
Wisdom Amoa-Awua
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Consumer Acceptability ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
White Variety ◽  
The Past ◽  
Storage Structures

Post-harvest protection of white variety sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) has been dealt with rarely in the past, although it is comparatively easy to grow and has high consumer acceptability in Ghana. Microbial deterioration of sweet potato roots stored in three different storage structures was studied. The sweet potato roots initially cured for 7 and 14 days were stored in traditional, pit, and clamp storage structures for a maximum of 28 days. For the 7 days-cured sweet potato roots, the bac­teria population in the three different storage structures increased by 1.2-2.3 log cfu/g whereas for the 14 days-cured roots, the bacteria population was 0.1-1.0 log cfu/g within 28 days of storage. The fungal population in the 14 days-cured sweet potato roots was higher than in the 7 days-cured sweet potato roots by 0.6-1.6 log cfu/g for 28 days of storage. For both the 7 and 14 days-cured sweet potato roots, the sweet potato roots stored for 28 days in the three different storage structures had a higher microbial count compared to the sweet potato roots stored for 14 days. Aspergillus flavus was the most dominant fungal species occurring in all of the three different storage structures followed by A. niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Tricho-derma viride, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium digitatum, Cladosporium herbarum,and Aspergillus ochraceus, in that order.

scholarly journals Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Ochratoxin A Producing Black Aspergilli from Grape Pomace

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernice Karlton-Senaye ◽  
Jianmei Yu ◽  
Leonard Williams
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Black Aspergilli ◽  
By Products ◽  
Grape Cultivars

Grape pomace (GP), a winery by-product is increasingly being explored as food ingredients. Ochratoxin A (OTA), a natural toxigenic metabolite frequently found in wine and its by-products. Black Aspergilli<em> </em>are mainly responsible for OTA build-up and contamination of grapes and winery by-products. The fungal population in GP of five grape cultivars were enumerated and characterized. Fungal population ranged from 4.27±0.05 to 5.35±0.04 Log CFU/mL with GP from Chardonnay being the most contaminated.<em> Aspergillus niger</em> (81.1%) was found to be the major source of contamination and most frequently isolated fungal species. Other fungal isolates were <em>A. carbonarius </em>(13.51%) and <em>A fumigatus </em>(5.39%). Fungal contamination of GP correlated with the type of grape cultivars used for the pomace. Fourteen identified mold isolates were confirmed by PCR using primer pairs ITS1/NIG, ITS1/CAR and ITS1/FUM. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis with eight primers OPC-04, OPC-06, OPC-08, OPC-10, OPC-11, OPC-12, OPC-13 and OPC-14 revealed similarity in band patterns between the isolates and the control. Clustering of banding patterns generated from amplification with primer OPC-12 using Pearson’s coefficient detected similarity at 99.10%, 97.60%, 86.30% and 99.40%, 99.10%, 87.60%, 78.50% among <em>Aspergillus niger</em> and <em>Aspergillus carbonarious</em> strains, respectively, confirming the identification of potential ochratoxigenic black <em>Aspergillus</em> strains in the GP. The findings from this study suggest that GP obtained from some grape cultivars could be unsafe as food ingredients due to contamination by ochratoxigenic-producing molds, which is an indicative factor for the presence of ochratoxin A and other mycotoxins.

Windows of opportunity in desert ecosystems: their implications to fungal community development

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1407-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Zak ◽  
Robert Sinsabaugh ◽  
William P. MacKay
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Desert Ecosystems ◽  
Species Numbers ◽  
Fungal Activity

At the ecosystem level, all fungal activity in arid and semiarid systems is water regulated. However, as the observation scale is changed to allow for finer resolution of moisture effects, one finds that fungal community development in deserts may be influenced by either the temporal patterning of moisture pulses, or biotic factors that extend the benefits of moisture windows. When selected biocides were applied to the root region of a desert bunchgrass, Erioneuron pulchellum, to reduce microarthropod and nematode densities, fungal species numbers associated with the root surface were not altered. The temporal pattern in species numbers apparently reflect large scale seasonal responses of the fungi, microfauna, and plants to yearly differences in the occurrences of moisture windows. For wood on the soil surface, moisture windows of short duration coupled with high temperatures restrict fungal species composition in this habitat resulting in a lack of turnover in the dominant fungal species on surface wood. However, when wood was placed in the more amenable environment of a woodrat midden, patterns of fungal community development differed significantly from that observed for wood on the soil surface. These studies indicate that our understanding of the roles of fungi in the functioning of desert ecosystems is biased because the scale at which we usually make observations is too large to account for abiotic and biotic influences on fungal activity and community development. Moreover, we have to realize that the occurrence of favorable habitats for fungi in arid systems varies considerably in space and time. One consequence of the high spatial and temporal heterogeneity in favorable habitats is that functional diversity among fungi may be greater than would be predicted based solely on abiotic considerations. Key words: deserts, environmental heterogeneity, functional diversity, scale, wood.

scholarly journals Studies on ceratain aspects of root surface fungi. I Fungi on living roots of Pennisetum typhoides (Burm f.) Stapf et Hubb.

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-25
Author(s):  
R. S. Kanaujia
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Pennisetum Typhoides ◽  
Root Extracts

The present paper deals with the succession of fungi on the root regions of living <i>Pennisetum typhoides</i>. The presence and amounts of amino acids and sugars in root exudates (July to October) and root extracts (July to November) have been studied.

scholarly journals Isolation of different fungi from the skin of patients with seborrheic dermatitis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaheh Mahmoudi ◽  
Jahangir Rezaie
Keyword(s):  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Seborrheic Dermatitis ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Rhodotorula Mucilaginosa ◽  
Cryptococcus Albidus ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Malassezia Species ◽  
Fungal Microbiome ◽  
Fungal Microbiota

Background and Purpose: Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is characterized by erythematous inflammatory patches that mostly appear in the sebaceous gland-rich skin areas. In addition to the key role of Malassezia species in SD, its contribution to other fungal microbiota has been recently addressed in the literature. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to identify and determine the fungal species associated with the incidence of SD. Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, fungal microbiome in scaling samples were collected from SD lesions and then analyzed based on the DNA sequencing of ITS regions. Results: In addition to Malassezia, several fungal species were detected in the samples collected from the SD lesions. According to the results, 15.5%, 13.3%, and 6.7% of the isolates were identified as Candida parapsilosis, Cryptococcus albidus var. albidus/ Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Penicillium polonicum, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, C. parapsilosis was the most prevalent non-Malassezia species isolated from SD lesions. Our results provided basic information about a specific fungal population accounting for the incidence of SD.

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