scholarly journals Studies on ceratain aspects of root surface fungi. I Fungi on living roots of Pennisetum typhoides (Burm f.) Stapf et Hubb.

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-25
Author(s):  
R. S. Kanaujia
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Pennisetum Typhoides ◽  
Root Extracts

The present paper deals with the succession of fungi on the root regions of living <i>Pennisetum typhoides</i>. The presence and amounts of amino acids and sugars in root exudates (July to October) and root extracts (July to November) have been studied.

scholarly journals The Role of Root Exudates of Barley Colonized by Pseudomonas fluorescens in Enhancing Root Colonization by Fusarium culmorum

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Vishnevskaya ◽  
Vlada Shakhnazarova ◽  
Alexander Shaposhnikov ◽  
Olga Strunnikova
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
In The Beginning

The aim of this study was to find out why after joint inoculation of the substrate with the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium culmorum and the antagonistic bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens the amount of the fungus on the root surface in the beginning of the colonization was greater on the roots colonized by the bacterium than on control roots. This phenomenon is especially interesting because joint inoculation with P. fluorescens was always followed by a considerable decrease in the incidence of Fusarium root rot. In two experiments barley was grown in sterile vermiculite inoculated only with F. culmorum, only with P. fluorescens and jointly with the fungus and the bacterium. In the control, vermiculite was not inoculated with any microorganisms. After the removal from the vermiculite, barley plants were transferred into deionized water for the collection of root exudates. The duration of barley growth in the vermiculite and in the water was different in the two experiments. The exudates were tested for their ability to elicit chemotropism in F. culmorum and influence its growth. We did not observe any chemotropism of F. culmorum towards barley root exudates. However, the exudates of the barley colonized by the bacterium stimulated the growth of fungal germ tubes. Using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography system, we found that experimental conditions influenced the quantitative composition of the exudates. The amount of amino acids in the solution of exudates decreased considerably after a prolonged growth of control barley in water, while the presence of P. fluorescens resulted in a considerably increase of the amount of amino acids in the exudates. The exudates of barley colonized by P. fluorescens contained much more glucose, lactic acid and several amino acids than the exudates of control barley. These components are known to be necessary for the growth of F. culmorum. Their presence in the exudates of barley colonized by P. fluorescens seems to be the reason of a more active colonization by the fungus of barley roots colonized by the bacterium.

scholarly journals Studies on certain aspects of root surface fungi IV. Succession of fungi on Pennisetum typhoides in fertilized soils

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
R. S. Kanaujia
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Pennisetum Typhoides ◽  
And Control

The mycoflora and its succession on decomposing roots of <i>P. typhoides</i> of plots fertilized with urea, ammonium sulphate, superphosphate, organic manure, fresh leaves and twigs of <i>Ipomoea fistulosa</i> and irrigated has been investigated. Fungi were higher on fertilized plots, both a root surface and away from it (the control). Highest and lowest population were recorded soils fertilized with organic manure and <i>I. fistulosa</i>. The amino acids and sugars, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin components of the roots from fertilized and control plots has been estimated and a correlation between mycoflora succession and the above components has been established.

STUDIES ON THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN NEMATODES AND OTHER SOIL MICROORGANISMS: IV. INCIDENCE OF NEMATODE-TRAPPING FUNGI IN THE VICINITY OF PLANT ROOTS

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Peterson ◽  
H. Katznelson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Rhizosphere Effect ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Wheat Rhizosphere

A study was made of the occurrence of nematode-trapping fungi in the rhizosphere and on the root surface of different plants. Arthrobotrys oligospora was the predominant predaceous fungus isolated. It was almost completely absent from plant roots but occurred in varying frequency in rhizosphere soil and in root-free soil. The incidence of this fungus was consistently greater in the soybean rhizosphere and lower in the wheat rhizosphere than in corresponding soil devoid of roots, whereas for other plants, red clover, flax, etc., there was no obvious rhizosphere effect. Spore germination tests and growth of A. oligospora in root extracts of soybeans and wheat failed to account for the differences observed. However, bacterial isolates from the wheat rhizosphere were, on the whole, more antagonistic to this fungus than those from the soybean rhizosphere, whereas isolates from the latter appeared to exert a favorable effect.

Role of proteinaceous amino acids released in root exudates in nutrient acquisition from the rhizosphere

1994 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Jones ◽  
A. C. Edwards ◽  
K. Donachie ◽  
P. R. Darrah
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Nutrient Acquisition

Chemistry of root exudates and rhizosphere soils of prairie plants

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (13) ◽  
pp. 1473-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. G. Bokhari ◽  
D. C. Coleman ◽  
Amy Rubink
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blue Grama ◽  
Rhizosphere Soils ◽  
Prairie Plants

Root exudates may have important effects on microbial growth and nutrient cycling in many ecosystems. We examined exudation patterns of two dominant plants in the shortgrass prairie.Root exudates of mature blue grama plants contained greater amounts of carbohydrates than younger plants, whereas the latter exuded slightly more amino N than the older plants. Axenic seedlings exuded larger amounts of sugars than normal seedlings; however, there was no difference in the amounts of amino N exuded. Among the amino acids exuded by axenic seedlings the levels of proline, methionine, and glutamic acids were higher than those of the other amino acids. The rhizosphere soil of both blue grama and fringed sagewort had more soluble sugars than the nonrhizosphere soil while the latter had more nonsoluble sugars. Both soluble and nonsoluble amino N were in greater concentrations in the nonrhizosphere soil of blue grama and fringed sagewort than in the rhizosphere soil of the same species. Rhizosphere soil of the above two species contained more polyphenols than the nonrhizosphere soil. Trace amounts of terpenes were found only in the soil associated with fringed sagewort.

FREE AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF THE PLANT ROOT ENVIRONMENT UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Ivarson ◽  
F. J. Sowden
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Free Amino Acid Composition

The free amino acids and the total ninhydrin-reacting material found in the rhizosphere of plants grown under field conditions were compared with those in the nonrhizosphere soil and with root extracts. Water, 20% ethanol and carbon tetrachloride-water were used as extractants. While the last two removed more amino acids than the water, this was probably the result of partial decomposition of the cellular material of the soil. The use of water as an extractant should give a better measure of the amount of amino acids in the soil under natural conditions. The rhizosphere contained greater quantities of amino acids than the soil from outside this zone. In general, the most prominent amino acids were aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine; asparagine, glutamine and citrulline were also present. The amino acid content of the rhizosphere varied with the plant. Although root extracts contained very large quantities of amino acids, comparison of these extracts with the rhizosphere showed distinct differences in amino acid ratios, suggesting that the amino acids in the rhizosphere were not primarily the result of root-debris autolysis during the extraction procedure.

Chemotactic responses of Phytophthora sojae zoospores to amino acids and sugars in root exudates

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Suo ◽  
Qiuming Chen ◽  
Wenxu Wu ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
Miao Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae

Amino acids in root exudates of cotton

1962 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miss C. B. Sulochana
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Root Exudates
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