scholarly journals Studies on the rhizosphere mycoflora of certain trees

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 493-501
Author(s):  
Inder J. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Dalbergia Sissoo ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Soil Rhizosphere

Two soil types, one supporting <em>Prosopis juliflora</em> and another supporting <em>Dalbergia sissoo</em> were selected to study the mycoflora associated with soil, rhizosphere and rhizoplane during winter and rainy seasons. Variations in the fungal population and variety of soil, rhizosphere and rhizoplane in relation to the nature of the plant and season were studied. Similarities between the soil, rhizosphere and rhizoplane fungeal flora in relation to plant species and season were studied. Differences in the dominant fungal species are also described.

Alkaline soil pH affects bulk soil, rhizosphere and root endosphere microbiomes of plants growing in a Sandhills ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Dantas Lopes ◽  
Jingjie Hao ◽  
Daniel P Schachtman
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Rhizosphere

ABSTRACT Soil pH is a major factor shaping bulk soil microbial communities. However, it is unclear whether the belowground microbial habitats shaped by plants (e.g. rhizosphere and root endosphere) are also affected by soil pH. We investigated this question by comparing the microbial communities associated with plants growing in neutral and strongly alkaline soils in the Sandhills, which is the largest sand dune complex in the northern hemisphere. Bulk soil, rhizosphere and root endosphere DNA were extracted from multiple plant species and analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Results showed that rhizosphere, root endosphere and bulk soil microbiomes were different in the contrasting soil pH ranges. The strongest impact of plant species on the belowground microbiomes was in alkaline soils, suggesting a greater selective effect under alkali stress. Evaluation of soil chemical components showed that in addition to soil pH, cation exchange capacity also had a strong impact on shaping bulk soil microbial communities. This study extends our knowledge regarding the importance of pH to microbial ecology showing that root endosphere and rhizosphere microbial communities were also influenced by this soil component, and highlights the important role that plants play particularly in shaping the belowground microbiomes in alkaline soils.

Interspecific differences in the tolerance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to freezing and drying

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1161-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N Klironomos ◽  
Miranda M Hart ◽  
Jane E Gurney ◽  
Peter Moutoglis
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in northern temperate ecosystems must function during extremes in environmental conditions. However, it is not known if arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that co-exist in soil communities have similar tolerances to stresses such as drought and freezing. The phenology of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was determined over one year in a community in southern Ontario, Canada. Five fungal species from the same community were then used to inoculate five plant species, in all possible combinations, and were subjected to either a freezing treatment or a drought treatment after which new seedlings were transplanted into the treated pots. The percent colonization of roots of each plant species was measured as the difference in mean colonization from the control. Freezing reduced percent colonization in almost every case, whereas drought resulted in both increased and decreased percent colonization. Fungal species responded differently to the treatments, and there was a pronounced plant × fungus effect. These results support the hypothesis that distinct functional groups of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi exist, and these may determine plant community structure.Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, freezing, drying, functional diversity.

Enumeration of Plant Species Inhabiting Oil Palm Trees (Elaeis-guineensis) at Zawlpui Plantation Site, Serchhip District, Mizoram

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Lal awmpuia ◽  
◽  
H. Lalruatsanga ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Plant Stem

A survey of plant species inhabiting oil palm trees was conducted in Zawlpui area of Serchhip district, Mizoram. The study area is a tropical potent agriculture zone, wherein small-scale business of Elaeis guineensis plantation is carried out by several farmers mainly within the gentle sloppy terrain. Oil palm with a rough bark harbors immense inhabitation by a variety plants, that rooted mostly on the debris at leaf base. Species diversity on the plant stem supposedly encourage insects and termites to establish herewith, thus causing harming to the tree. The sample stands within 400 m–800 m altitude were picked randomly. A total of 50 palm tree were accounted and all associated plants on the stem above 30 cm from the ground are all recorded. Species that cannot be identified on the site were pressed and observed at Botany Research lab, Pachhunga University College. The survey documented 38 vascular plant species which include 4 epiphytes and 1 non-vascular species of lichen, 1 bryophyte and 4 fungal species at that time. Invasive Peperomia pellucida and epiphytic pteridophytes Nephrolepis biserrata was found in most of the stand sample; however, Peperomia population decreases with the increasing elevation. Dynamics of inhabitant species diversity also correlate to location of tree. The study also established that diversity of inhabiting species was comparatively high on parts of the stem facing sunlight.

scholarly journals Parasitic fungi of ornamental plants and herbs of Szczecin

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Iwona Adamska
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Aesculus Hippocastanum ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
The Family

In the years 2000-2001, the occurrence of fungi parasitizing on ornamental plants and herbs cultivated in the Vegetative Hall of the Agricultural University in Szczecin was investigated. The plants represented ca. 200 species. Disease and etiological symptoms were found in 37% of plant species. Most diseased plants came from the family Asteraceae. The plant species most frequently affected was <i>Melisa officinalis</i>. In the laboratory, 35 fungal species were recognized. Most fungi came from the phylum <i>Ascomycota</i> (13 species), and least from the phylum <i>Oomycota</i> (3 species). The phylum <i>Ascomycota</i> was represented only by species of the order <i>Erysiphales</i>. Other relatively frequently found fungi also were members of the phylum <i>Basidiomycota</i> (11 species). Of the fungi recognized, 31 species were earlier frequently recorded in Poland, and three rarely. <i>Erysiphe flexuosa</i> parasitizing <i>Aesculus hippocastanum</i> was not recorded in Poland to date; in Europe this fungus was recognized only in Germany and Switzerland.

scholarly journals Floristic survey of the caatinga in areas with different grazing intensities, Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarcilene Silva de Almeida-Cortez ◽  
Fernanda Meira Tavares ◽  
Katharina Schulz ◽  
Rita de Cássia Araújo Pereira ◽  
Arne Cierjacks
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Land Use History ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Floristic Survey ◽  
Grazing Intensities

A floristic survey was conducted in eighteen areas in the municipalities of Itacuruba and Floresta, Pernambuco, northeast Brazil. The objective was to investigate if the species richness of terrestrial plant species of the Caatinga is affected by grazing intensity. Eighteen 20x20 m2 plot were established in areas of low grazing intensity (9), and areas with high grazing intensity (9). We recorded 136 species belonging to 97 genera and 43 families. The most species-rich families were Poaceae (14), Fabaceae (13), and Asteraceae (11). The most species-rich genera were Aristida (Poaceae), Sida (Malvaceae) and Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae). The number of species in each study area (Itacuruba and Floresta) varied according to the distribution of the precipitation, the soil types, the land-use history type, and the actual land-use. Areas with a low grazing pressure show a higher species richness of plant species than areas with higher grazing intensity.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Ethiopian Medicinal Plants: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dereje Nigussie ◽  
Gail Davey ◽  
Takele Beyene Tufa ◽  
Malcolm Brewster ◽  
Belete Adefris Legesse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Background: Podoconiosis and lymphatic filariasis are the most common causes of lower limb lymphoedema in the tropics. Many sufferers experience frequent painful episodes of acute bacterial infection. Plant based traditional medicines are used to treat infections in many countries and are culturally established in Ethiopia. Ethiopian medicinal plants found to have antibacterial and antifungal activities were reviewed with the aim of increasing information about the treatment of wound infections in patients with lymphoedema.Methods: This study collates data from published articles on medicinal plants with antibacterial and antifungal activities in Ethiopia. A systematic search of Scopus, EMBASE, PUBMED/MEDLINE and Google Scholar was undertaken. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO with registration number CRD42019127471. All controlled studies of in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities were considered. All articles containing the descriptors published until June 28, 2019 were included. The outcome was measured as percent inhibition of microbial growth. For quality assessment of individual in vitro studies, OECD guidelines and the WHO-Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) handbook were used.Results: Seventy-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 150 plant species and three compounds had been tested against 42 species of bacteria, while 43 plant species had been tested against 22 species of fungus.Conclusion: Materials derived from several Ethiopian medicinal plants have been shown to have promising activity against a variety of bacteria and fungi. Those derived from Azadiractha indica A. Juss. and Lawsonia inerms L. are the most extensively studied against a wide range of gram-negative and positive bacteria, and fungal species.

scholarly journals Utilization of plant resources in Dang district, West Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Sigdel ◽  
M. B. Rokaya
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Participatory Rural Appraisal ◽  
Local People ◽  
Dalbergia Sissoo ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Rural Appraisal

This paper aims to highlight the uses of forest resources in Purandhara, Panchakule and Goltakuri Village Development Committees (VDCs) of Dang district, western Nepal. The ethnobotanical data was collected through Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) that involved discussion with local people and key informants, through semi-structured questions and informal conversations. Vulnerability of plants used in the study area was assessed by adapting the Rapid Vulnerability Approach (RVA). Altogether 85 plant species belonging to 79 genera and 56 families were recorded in the study areas. Twelve plant species were found to be used for various purposes other than medicinal. They were used as food, fodder, in construction, in religious purposes and even in yielding dyes. Seventy three plant species were found to be medicinal in properties for treating 144 different ailments. Remedies for 27 ailments were reported as new uses. The most common way of admission of medicine was oral (76.71 %) followed by external or topical (35.6 %) and nasal (1.27 %). The RVA test showed Dalbergia sissoo (with 15 scores) and Terminalia alata (with 14 scores) as most vulnerable ones.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v21i2.9143Banko Janakari Vol. 21, No. 2, 2011 Page: 45-54 Uploaded date: November 11, 2013 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document