scholarly journals Enzymatic activity of mycorrhizal fungi. II

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pachlewski ◽  
E. Chruściak
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Decomposed Wood

An attempt bas been made to evaluate the participation of mycorrhizal fungi in the process of degradation of some aromatic compounds. 24 strains of ectomycorrhizal fungi, l ectendomycorrhizal stram and 11 nonmycorrhizal strains which decomposed wood were investigated. The observations were aimed at showing the synthesis by these fungi of laccase, peroxidase and tyrosinase. None of these fungi synthetized peroxidase.

scholarly journals Biological enhancement of mineral weathering by <i>Pinus</i> <i>sylvestris</i> seedlings – effects of plants, ectomycorrhizal fungi, and elevated CO<sub>2</sub>

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3637-3649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas P. Rosenstock ◽  
Patrick A. W. van Hees ◽  
Petra M. A. Fransson ◽  
Roger D. Finlay ◽  
Anna Rosling
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Seedling Biomass

Abstract. Better understanding and quantifying the relative influence of plants, associated mycorrhizal fungi, and abiotic factors such as elevated CO2 on biotic weathering is essential to constraining weathering estimates. We employed a column microcosm system to examine the effects of elevated CO2 and Pinus sylvestris seedlings, with or without the ectomycorrhizal fungi Piloderma fallax and Suillus variegatus, on rhizosphere soil solution concentrations of low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) and on the weathering of primary minerals. Seedlings significantly increased mineral weathering, as estimated from elemental budgets of Ca, K, Mg, and Si. Elevated CO2 increased plant growth and LMWOA concentrations but had no effect on weathering. Colonization by ectomycorrhizal fungi, particularly P. fallax, showed some tendency to increase weathering. LMWOA concentrations correlated with seedling biomass across both CO2 and mycorrhizal treatments but not with total weathering. We conclude that nutrient uptake, which reduces transport limitation to weathering, is the primary mechanism by which plants enhanced weathering in this system. While the experimental system used departs from conditions in forest soils in a number of ways, these results are in line with weathering studies performed at the ecosystem, macrocosm, and microcosm scale, indicating that nutrient uptake by plants and microbes is an important biological mechanism by which mineral weathering is enhanced.

The effectiveness of mycelial slurries of mycorrhizal fungi for the inoculation of container-grown jack pine seedlings

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Danielson ◽  
S. Visser ◽  
D. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Inoculum Preparation

Mycelial slurries prepared from agar plates of ectomycorrhizal fungi were used to inoculate 7-week-old container-grown jack pine. Seven of 15 species formed mycorrhizae after 18 weeks and included Thelephoraterrestris Ehrhart ex Fr., Laccariaproximo Boudier, Hebeloma sp., Pisolithustinctoris (Pers.) Coker & Couch, Sphaerosporellabrunnea (Alb. & Schw. ex Fr.) Svrcek & Kubicka, Cenococcwngeophilum Fr., and an E strain (sensu Mikola) isolate. Species of Tricholoma, Suillus, Amphinema, and Hydnum failed to form mycorrhizae. The use of a mycelial slurry has the advantage of saving considerable time in inoculum preparation and should be useful for experimental purposes.

Host response to inoculation and behaviour of introduced and indigenous ectomycorrhizal fungi of jack pine grown on oil-sands tailings

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1412-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Danielson ◽  
S. Visser
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Short Root ◽  
Replacement Process ◽  
Shoot Weight

Pinusbanksiana Lamb, seedlings were inoculated with nine mycorrhizal fungi and outplanted on an oil-sands containment dyke that had been amended with muskeg peat. After one growing season, E-strain (Complexipes), Hebeloma sp., Thelephoraterrestris Ehrh.:Fr., and Laccariaproximo Boudier each formed mycorrhizae with greater than 40% of the new short roots within 10 cm of the stem. Cenococcumgeophilum Fr., Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch, Astraeushygrometricus (Pers.) Morgan, Lactariusparadoxus Beardslee & Burlingham, and Sphaerosporellabrunnea (Alb. & Schw.:Fr.) Svrcek & Kubika each formed mycorrhizae with less than 6% of the short roots on egressed laterals. Of the introduced fungi, only E-strain was present in substantial quantities after 3 years. The quantity of short roots converted to mycorrhizae by indigenous fungi was 4, 33, and 72% after 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. The change in mycorrhizal fungi appeared to be a noncompetitive replacement process, in which the original short root resident fungus died in the near absence of mycorrhizal fungi. At the end of the 3rd year, the major indigenous fungi converting short roots to mycorrhizae were E-strain, Tuber sp., Suillus-like spp., Myceliumradicisatrovirens Melin, and an unidentified basidiomycete. Inoculation with E-strain and Thelephoraterrestris resulted in a 2- to 3-fold increase in shoot weight after 2 years compared with uninoculated seedlings.

scholarly journals Phosphite and mycorrhizal formation in seedlings of three Australian Myrtaceae

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Howard ◽  
Bernie Dell ◽  
Giles E. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

Currently in Western Australia, phosphite is being used to contain the root and collar rot pathogen, Phytophthora cinnamomi, in native plant communities. There have been reports of negative effects of phosphite on arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), so there are concerns that it may have a deleterious effect on other mycorrhizal fungi. Two glasshouse experiments were undertaken to determine the impact of phosphite on eucalypt-associated ectomycorrhizal fungi. In the first experiment, non-mycorrhizal seedlings of Eucalyptus marginata, Eucalyptus globulus and Agonis flexuosa were sprayed to runoff with several concentrations of phosphite, and then planted into soil naturally infested with early colonising mycorrhizal species. Assessments were made of percentage of roots infected with mycorrhizal fungi. There was no significant effect on ectomycorrhizal formation but there was a four-fold increase in AM colonisation of A. flexuosa roots with phosphite application. In the second experiment, E. globulus seedlings mycorrhizal with Pisolithus, Scleroderma and Descolea were treated with different levels of phosphite and infection of new roots by ectomycorrhizal fungi was assessed. There was no significant effect on ectomycorrhizal formation when phosphite was applied at the recommended rate (5 g L–1), while at 10 g L–1 phosphite significantly decreased infection by Descolea.

scholarly journals Enzymatic activity of myccorrhizal fungi

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Pachlewski ◽  
Elżbieta Chruściak
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Amanita Muscaria ◽  
Suillus Bovinus ◽  
Rhizopogon Luteolus

The investigations included assays of enzymatic activity of ectomycorrhizal fungi from the genera: <i>Amanita, Cenococcum, Coltricia, Hebeloma, Lactarius, Rhizopogon, Russula, Suillus, Tricholoma</i> and the pine ectendomycorrhizal strain MrgX. Among the 22 investigated strains of fungi 18 could decompose starch, 14 urea, 11 asparagine, 7 protein, 6 pectin and 3 ce1lulose. The most varied enzyme activities were found in <i>Amanita muscaria, A. verna, Hebeloma, mesophaeum</i>, ectendomycorrhizal isolate MrgX, <i>Rhizopogon luteolus</i> and <i>Suillus bovinus</i>, the highest cellolotytic activity was shown by the ectendomycorrhizal strain.

scholarly journals Biological enhancement of mineral weathering by <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> seedlings – effects of plants, ectomycorrhizal fungi, and elevated CO<sub>2</sub>

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas P. Rosenstock ◽  
Patrick A. W. van Hees ◽  
Petra M. A. Fransson ◽  
Roger D. Finlay ◽  
Anna Rosling
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Seedling Biomass

Abstract. Better understanding and quantifying the relative influence of plants, associated mycorrhizal fungi, and abiotic factors such as elevated CO2 on biotic weathering is essential to constraining weathering estimates. We employed a column microcosm system to examine the effects of elevated CO2 and Pinus sylvestris seedlings, with or without the ectomycorrhizal fungi Piloderma fallax and Suillus variegatus, on rhizosphere soil solution concentrations of low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOA) and weathering of primary minerals. Seedlings significantly increased mineral weathering, as estimated from elemental budgets of Ca, K, Mg, and Si. Elevated CO2 increased plant growth and LMWOA concentrations, but had no effect on weathering. Colonization by ectomycorrhizal fungi, particularly P. fallax, showed some tendency to increase weathering. LMWOA concentrations correlated with seedling biomass across both CO2 and mycorrhizal treatments, but not with total weathering. We conclude that nutrient uptake, which reduces transport limitation to weathering, is the primary mechanism by which plants enhanced weathering in this system. While the experimental system used departs from conditions in forest soils in a number of ways, these results are in line with weathering studies performed at the ecosystem, macrocosm, and microcosm scale, indicating that nutrient uptake by plants and microbes is an important biological mechanism by which mineral weathering is enhanced.

scholarly journals Rizósfera de árboles acumuladores de fósforo en la amazonia Brasilera.

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Patricia Chavez de Oliveira ◽  
Claudio José Reis de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Correlation Matrices ◽  
Tolerance Strategy

<p class="standard"><strong>Objective. </strong>With the purpose of knowing the strategies of tolerance of two phosphorus-accumulating species (<em>Neea macrophylla </em>and<em> Cecropia palmate</em>) and a non-accumulating species (<em>Casearia arborea</em>) to phosphorus-deficient soils, we characterized the rhizosphere of these species using a multivariate analysis and correlation matrices in relation to the concentrations of organic phosphorus, available phosphorus, soil organic carbon, organic carbon from  microbial biomass,  acid phosphatase enzyme activity, and root infection by mycorrhizal fungi. <strong>Materials and methods. </strong>The research was carried out in the Igarapé-Açú town, state of Pará, Brazil in secondary forests with five years of regeneration, where the parameters above mentioned were monitored. <strong>Results</strong>. Results did not reveal significant differences between the species depending on the characteristics of the soil next to the rhizospheres, suggesting homogeneous conditions. The enzymatic activity was slightly higher in the species with less potential in accumulating P (<em>Casearia arborea</em>) suggesting that efficiency in P use is not determined by the enzymatic activity. <strong>Conclusions</strong>. <em>Neea macrophylla</em> presented a slightly higher number of mycorrhizal root infections in comparison to the other species, indicating that this could be a tolerance strategy in those environments, while in <em>Cecropia palmata</em> and <em>Casearia arborea</em> it seems that enzymatic activity is the strategy employed.</p> <p><strong>Key words:</strong> acid phosphatase; Brazilian Amazon; rhizosphere</p>

Nitrogen uptake and growth in vitro by Hebeloma crustuliniforme and other Pacific Northwest mycorrhizal fungi

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willis R. Littke ◽  
Caroline S. Bledsoe ◽  
Robert L. Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Ammonium Uptake ◽  
Biomass Growth ◽  
N Source ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Hebeloma Crustuliniforme

Since little is known about the nitrogen (N) physiology of ectomycorrhizal fungi, this study was initiated to study both radial and biomass growth and N uptake of Hebeloma crustuliniforme and other Pacific Northwest ectomycorrhizal fungi. Hebeloma crustuliniforme utilized either nitrate or ammonium as the N source in buffered liquid media, but biomass growth was greatest with ammonium. Without buffers, biomass growth on ammonium-based media was reduced, apparently owing to low pH. These results emphasize the strong interrelationship between N source and pH of the media. A pronounced pH optimum for biomass growth of H. crustuliniforme occurred at pH 5.0. Ammonium uptake rates were five to nine times greater than nitrate uptake rates over a range of N concentrations (40–600 μM). Radial growth rates of a range of mycorrhizal fungi were greater on high-N than on low-N media. For those few species that grew faster on low-N medium, their growth habit was more diffuse and dry weight production was decreased, indicating that radial growth had occurred at the expense of biomass production.

Synthesized ectomycorrhizae of aspen: fungal genus level of structural characterization

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Godbout ◽  
J. A. Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fungal Symbiont ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Fungal Genus

The ability of Populus tremuloides Michx. to form ectomycorrhizae with identified species of fungi was investigated using a pouch technique. Twenty-nine out of 54 fungus species formed ectomycorrhizae on aspen seedlings. Aspen seems to display little specificity for ectomycorrhizal fungi. Only epidermal Hartig nets were observed in the synthesized ectomycorrhizae and periepidermal ones were frequently encountered. Structural and morphological characteristics of ectomycorrhizae are presented by genus of mycorrhizal fungi. This grouping of characters by genus seems possible independently of the host plant. The classification of ectomycorrhizae is viewed in a new way in which structural types would be taxonomically related to the genus of the fungal symbiont.

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