scholarly journals Floristic diversity of extensively used fresh meadows (6510) in the Wielki Łęg Obrzański complex

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Anna Klarzyńska ◽  
Anna Kryszak
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Mineral Soils

<p>One of the habitat types protected within the framework of the NATURA 2000 network due to the presence of species of European importance are fresh meadows from the <em>Arrhenatherion</em> alliance. The maintenance of their characteristic floristic composition depends on habitat conditions and extensive use, while any changes in this respect trigger succession transformations potentially threatening their nature value. </p><p>The aim of the study was to conduct nature and habitat valuation of one of the largest meadow complexes in the Wielkopolska region, i.e. Wielki Łęg Obrzański, which will make it possible to describe the preservation status of fresh meadows and their habitats. </p><p>Based on multifaceted analyses of 535 relevés made using the Braun-Blanquet method in the years 2006–2012 and representing the <em>Arrhenatherion</em> alliance, the phytosociological and botanical structure as well as constancy of species in individual variants (floristic types) were determined. Moreover, their habitat conditions were defined, i.e. soil moisture and nitrogen content using the index method according to Ellenberg, while laboratory methods were used to determine the content of organic matter, soil moisture as well as the contents of potassium, magnesium and phosphorus in soil. </p><p>Floristic composition of fresh meadows from the <em>Arrhenatherion</em> alliance differs due to high heterogeneity of habitat. The presence of fresh meadow phytocenoses both on dried organic soils (the driest forms of flood meadows) and on mineral soils (oak-hornbeam forests) contributes to differences in the floristic composition both in ryegrass meadows and grass–fescue meadows, mainly due to soil moisture and fertility as well as sward use type. This constituted the basis for the identification of lower syntaxonomic units in the internal structure of the plant associations. Five variants were distinguished in <em>Arrhenatheretum elatioris</em>, while the community of <em>Poa pratensis</em>–<em>Festuca rubra</em> was developed in as many as 8 variants.</p>

Field dissipation of S-metolachlor in organic and mineral soils used for sugarcane production in Florida

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-370
Author(s):  
Jose V. Fernandez ◽  
D. Calvin Odero ◽  
Gregory E. MacDonald ◽  
Jason A. Ferrell ◽  
Brent A. Sellers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Sugarcane Production ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Moisture Conditions

AbstractDissipation of S-metolachlor, a soil-applied herbicide, on organic and mineral soils used for sugarcane production in Florida was evaluated using field studies in 2013 to 2016. S-metolachlor was applied PRE at 2,270 g ha−1 on organic and mineral soils with 75% and 1.6% organic matter, respectively. The rate of dissipation of S-metolachlor was rapid on mineral soils compared with organic soils. Dissipation of S-metolachlor on organic soils followed a negative linear trend resulting in half-lives (DT50) ranging from 50 to 126 d. S-metolachlor loss on organic soils was more rapid under high soil-moisture conditions than in corresponding low soil-moisture conditions. On mineral soils, dissipation of S-metolachlor followed an exponential decline. The DT50 of S-metolachlor on mineral soils ranged from 12 to 24 d. The short persistence of S-metolachlor on mineral soils was likely attributed to low organic matter content with limited adsorptive capability. The results indicate that organic matter content and soil moisture are important for persistence of S-metolachlor on organic and mineral soils used for sugarcane production in Florida.

scholarly journals Príspevok k problematike určovania špecifickej hmotnosti subhorizontov opadu lesných pôd

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Jana Bútorová
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Elementary Unit ◽  
Final Density ◽  
International Laboratory ◽  
Mineral Soils

Abstract According to national and international laboratory methods, the density of soil samples is determined by pycnometer in heated samples crushed by ultrasound. In mineral soils, the elementary unit of density is represented by a mineral grain of quartz, granite, andesite, etc. On the other hand, in organic soils, the elementary unit is represented by a leaf (or just a part of it), needles, stems and roots. Heating of the mineral grain causes its release from the soil aggregate. Organic parts of the soil are losing air vacuoles by heat treatment while in the same time, carbohydrates, proteins, oils and resins create new chemicals which are heavier than water. That is a reason why density determination of litter subhorizons in forest soils needs to have different rules in comparison with mineral soil samples. Samples with more than 50 volume per cent of organic matter are not treated by heat and do not decompose. In case of high mineral soil content, mineral parts are removed from the sample and their density is determined. The final density is based on mathematically processed data.

scholarly journals HIGH NATURE VALUE GRASSLANDS FROM ARRHENATHERION ALLIANCE IDENTIFIED IN MUREŞ COUNTY

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Silvia Oroian ◽  
Mihaela Samarghitan ◽  
MARIANA Hiritiu ◽  
SANDA Cosarca ◽  
CORNELIU Tanase
Keyword(s):  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Hay Meadows ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Current State ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Value ◽  
Forage Value ◽  
Sanguisorba Officinalis

Arrhenatherion alliance meadows are recognized to be among the best pastures in our country due to high productivity and good nutrition value. The research was conducted in several areas of Mures County. The studied grasslands were classified into two types of Natura 2000 habitats: 6510 Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis) and 6520 Mountain hay meadows. The identified phytocoenosis belong to two plant associations: Arrhenatheretum elatioris Br.-Bl. Ex Scherrer 1925 and Poo Trisetetum flavescentis (Knapp 1951) Oberd. 1957. The analysis of data collected in the field reveals that the current state of conservation of the two types of habitat is good and very good. Habitats in a good and very good state of preservation is distinguish by a great floristic composition: approx. 100-150 cormophyte species with good and very good forage value. As habitats are more susceptible to the management applied and any changes to land use can affect habitat quality (eg abandoning  mowing and turning the land into pasture), the ecological functions of this habitat will be satisfied as long as they are mowed after Poaceae species matured.

scholarly journals Towards disentangling heterogeneous soil moisture patterns in cosmic-ray neutron sensor footprints

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 6547-6566
Author(s):  
Daniel Rasche ◽  
Markus Köhli ◽  
Martin Schrön ◽  
Theresa Blume ◽  
Andreas Güntner
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Thermal Neutrons ◽  
Epithermal Neutrons ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Northeastern Germany

Abstract. Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) allows for non-invasive soil moisture estimations at the field scale. The derivation of soil moisture generally relies on secondary cosmic-ray neutrons in the epithermal to fast energy ranges. Most approaches and processing techniques for observed neutron intensities are based on the assumption of homogeneous site conditions or of soil moisture patterns with correlation lengths shorter than the measurement footprint of the neutron detector. However, in view of the non-linear relationship between neutron intensities and soil moisture, it is questionable whether these assumptions are applicable. In this study, we investigated how a non-uniform soil moisture distribution within the footprint impacts the CRNS soil moisture estimation and how the combined use of epithermal and thermal neutrons can be advantageous in this case. Thermal neutrons have lower energies and a substantially smaller measurement footprint around the sensor than epithermal neutrons. Analyses using the URANOS (Ultra RApid Neutron-Only Simulation) Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the measurement footprint dynamics at a study site in northeastern Germany revealed that the thermal footprint mainly covers mineral soils in the near-field to the sensor while the epithermal footprint also covers large areas with organic soils. We found that either combining the observed thermal and epithermal neutron intensities by a rescaling method developed in this study or adjusting all parameters of the transfer function leads to an improved calibration against the reference soil moisture measurements in the near-field compared to the standard approach and using epithermal neutrons alone. We also found that the relationship between thermal and epithermal neutrons provided an indicator for footprint heterogeneity. We, therefore, suggest that the combined use of thermal and epithermal neutrons offers the potential of a spatial disaggregation of the measurement footprint in terms of near- and far-field soil moisture dynamics.

scholarly journals Influence of Variability of Ryegrass Meadow Soil Conditions on their Natural and Utilization Values

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna KRYSZAK ◽  
Agnieszka KLARZYNSKA ◽  
Jan KRYSZAK ◽  
Agnieszka STRYCHALSKA ◽  
Lukasz MACKOWIAK
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Indicator Method ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation ◽  
Historical Distribution ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

The study presents the findings of research into the effect of the variability of site conditions on their floristic composition providinga basis for the identification of lower phytosociological units. Patches of Arrhenatheretum elatioris described with the assistance ofphytosociological surveys conducted using the Braun-Blanquet method were subjected to multi-criteria evaluation. On their basis, thefollowing parameters were determined: ecological and botanical structure, geographic-historical distribution, the structure of the lifegroupsof the floristic types identified, as well as natural values by the Oświt method and sward fodder value according to Filipek. In orderto determine the causes of the floristic variability observed, the following soil conditions were assessed: moisture content, soil reactionand nitrogen content by Ellenberg’s indicator method, as well as potassium, magnesium and phosphorus content by the appropriatelaboratory methods. Typical forms of Arrhenatheretum elatioris phytocenoses were found to develop on mucky soils in moderately moistsites. Patches of ryegrass occurring in sites with a periodically higher moisture content on organic soils refer to the Alopecuretum pratensisassociation. On the other hand, the sward of ryegrass meadows developed on dryer, mineral soils was characterised by increased numbersof species characteristic for xerothermic swards from the Festuco-Brometea class and sandy plant communities from the Koelerio glauca-Corynephoretea canescentis. More intensive utilization, primarily-fertilisation, was among the causes of the development of species-poorphytocenoses of low natural value but sward of a good fodder value.

scholarly journals Towards disentangling heterogeneous soil moisture patterns in Cosmic-Ray Neutron Sensor footprints

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Rasche ◽  
Markus Köhli ◽  
Martin Schrön ◽  
Theresa Blume ◽  
Andreas Güntner
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Thermal Neutrons ◽  
Epithermal Neutrons ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Processing Techniques

Abstract. Cosmic-Ray Neutron Sensing (CRNS) allows for non-invasive soil moisture measurements at the field scale. The derivation of soil moisture generally relies on secondary cosmic-ray neutrons in the epithermal-to-fast energy range. Most approaches and processing techniques for observed neutron intensities are based on the assumption of homogeneous site conditions within the measurement footprint of the neutron detector. In this study we investigated how a non-uniform soil moisture distribution within the footprint impacts the CRNS soil moisture estimation and how the combined use of epithermal and thermal neutrons can be advantageous in this case. Thermal neutrons have lower energies and a substantially smaller measurement footprint around the sensor than epithermal neutrons. Analyses using URANOS neutron Monte-Carlo simulations to investigate measurement footprint dynamics at a study site in north-eastern Germany revealed that the thermal footprint mainly covers mineral soils in the near-field to the sensor while the epithermal footprint also covers large areas with organic soils. We found that either combining the observed thermal and epithermal neutron intensities by a rescaling method developed in this study, or adjusting all parameters of the transfer function leads to an improved calibration against reference soil moisture measurements in the near field compared to the standard approach and using epithermal neutrons alone. We also found that the relationship between thermal and epithermal neutrons provided an indicator for footprint heterogeneity. We therefore suggest that the combined use of thermal and epithermal neutrons offers the potential of a spatial discretization of the measurement footprint in terms of near and far field soil moisture dynamics.

scholarly journals Impacts of soil moisture level and organic matter content on growth of two Juncus species and Poa pratensis grown under acid soil conditions

Weed Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 490-500
Author(s):  
W Kaczmarek‐Derda ◽  
M Helgheim ◽  
J Netland ◽  
H Riley ◽  
K Wærnhus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Moisture Level

scholarly journals Characteristics of Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich. populations in selected Natura 2000 areas in eastern Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
Danuta Urban ◽  
Joanna Sender ◽  
Ewelina Tokarz ◽  
Andrzej Różycki
Keyword(s):  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Total Carbon Content ◽  
Poor Fen ◽  
Calcareous Fen ◽  
Liparis Loeselii ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractIn view of the sensitivity of Liparis loeselii to changes in habitat conditions, we carried out a study with the aim to monitor population numbers, identify the individual features of the Liparis loeselii population, analyse habitat conditions, identify threats and propose conservation measures to preserve the species. The investigations were conducted in seven unmanaged objects located in three Natura 2000 areas in eastern Poland. The results of this study provide a new insight into Liparis loeselii ecology. The analysed populations inhabited some habitat types: extremely poor fen, transitional mire, rich fen, calcareous fen, spring-fed fen. The content of nutrients was similar in all the habitats. A CCA analysis revealed that the total carbon content, pH, and redox potential of the substrate determine differences between the habitats analysed. Juvenile individuals represented a maximum of 12% of the analysed populations and were the least abundant group of these plants. The flowering was primarily influenced by hydrological conditions. Based on the long-term observations reported in this article, it can be assumed that the species stands a chance of surviving at the localities analysed, provided that the habitat conditions do not change dramatically.

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