scholarly journals Impacts of soil moisture level and organic matter content on growth of two Juncus species and Poa pratensis grown under acid soil conditions

Weed Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 490-500
Author(s):  
W Kaczmarek‐Derda ◽  
M Helgheim ◽  
J Netland ◽  
H Riley ◽  
K Wærnhus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Moisture Level

scholarly journals Organic matter and soil moisture content and double cropping with organic matter sourceplants

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bako Baon ◽  
Aris Wibawa
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Farm Yard Manure ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Source ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Organic Matter Source

Double cropping of coffee with organic matter source plants is thought to increase organic matter content of soil. This study examined the effect of double cropping of coffee and organic matter source plants on soil organic matter content and yield of coffee plants. Arabica coffee trees in Andungsari Experimental Station (Bondowoso district), 1400 m asl. and climate type C; and Robusta coffee trees in Sumberasin Experimental Station (Malang district), 550 m asl. and climate type C, were used as experimental sites of this study which lasted for five years. Organic matter source plants consisted of some species that can be routinedly pruned and surface applied to coffee soil, and other creeping species that not being pruned, however the organic matter source derived from their fallen leaves. Application of farm manure and control (neither organic matter source plants nor farm yard manure) were used as comparison treatments. Results indicate that Ramayana (Cassia spectabilis) had vigorus growth resulting in greater biomass production compared to lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala), mogania (Moghania macrophylla) and even kaliandra (Calyandra calothyrsus) which produced greater biomass among organic matter source plants grown in Arabica coffee farming. Double cropping of coffee with organic matter source plants did not affect soil organic matter content of Arabica and Robusta coffee farmings, though farm yard manure application increased soil organic matter content and soil bulk density, especially of Robusta coffee farm. Soil moisture content examined in dry season was not affected by double cropping. In contrary, Robusta coffee farm applied with farm yard manure had higher soil moisture content. At Arabica coffee farm, double cropping did not influence green coffee yield, on the other hand Ramayana reduced green coffee yield of Robusta coffee while farm yard manure increased the yield.Keywords : Coffeea arabica, Coffeea canephora, organic matter, soil moisture, double cropping, biomass producing plants.

CADMIUM IN DIFFERENT PLANT SPECIES AND ITS AVAILABILITY IN SOILS AS INFLUENCED BY ORGANIC MATTER AND ADDITIONS OF LIME, P, Cd AND Zn

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. MACLEAN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Plant Parts

The Cd concentration in 10 plant species grown in a neutral surface soil (0.65 ppm Cd) varied from 0.18 ppm in potato tubers to 0.99 ppm in soybean roots on a dry matter basis. Addition of 5 ppm Cd increased the concentrations in the plants markedly and they were particularly high in lettuce (10.36 ppm) and tobacco leaves (11.57 ppm). Cd concentrations tended to be lower in the edible portion (seed, fruit, tubers) than in other plant parts. Added Cd affected yields in only a few instances. But in another experiment, Cd added at a rate of 5 ppm to five soils decreased the yield of lettuce in most instances. In a comparison of results for two similarly managed sandy loam soils, nearly neutral in reaction but differing in organic matter content (2.17 vs. 15.95% organic C), the concentration of Cd was lower in lettuce grown in the soil with the higher amount of organic matter. The Cd content of the lettuce was reduced by liming some of the acid soils. Addition of Cd increased the concentration of Zn in the plants appreciably, but added Zn did not affect Cd uptake. In an incubation experiment comprising five soils, DTPA (diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid) extractable Cd decreased with liming of three Cd-treated acid soil samples. In comparisons of two sandy loam soils and of surface and subsoil layers of a sand, extractable Cd increased with higher amounts of soil organic matter.

scholarly journals Organic Matter Clogging Results in Undeveloped Hardpan and Soil Mineral Leakage in the Rice Terraces in the Philippine Cordilleras

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3158
Author(s):  
Tomoyo Kurozumi ◽  
Yasushi Mori ◽  
Hiroaki Somura ◽  
Milagros O-How
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Soil Nutrition

Rice terraces in Cordillera, Philippines, a world cultural heritage site, are threatened by the risk of collapse. It is crucial to manage these rice terraces for their conservation, while simultaneously practicing traditional farming. We examined the soil environment and investigated its effects on rice terrace conservation, by focusing on the hardpan condition; infiltration process, which is related to the collapse of rice terraces; and soil nutrition conditions in these sites. Field survey and soil analysis revealed that in areas where the hardpan was not sufficiently developed and water infiltration was effectively suppressed, organic matter content was significantly high, suggesting organic matter clogging. In these rice terraces, the amounts of P, K, Ca, and Mn were significantly low, showing the mineral leaching under reductive soil conditions. Therefore, hardpan formation, rather than organic matter clogging, is essential for the suppression of infiltration and prevention of potential terrace collapse. Because hardpan formation or organic matter clogging cannot be identified from the surface of flooded rice paddies, it is difficult to identify the influencing factor. Thus, we suggest that the hard soil layer should be checked before the planting season and drainage is allowed after the cropping season in the rainy season.

Field dissipation of S-metolachlor in organic and mineral soils used for sugarcane production in Florida

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-370
Author(s):  
Jose V. Fernandez ◽  
D. Calvin Odero ◽  
Gregory E. MacDonald ◽  
Jason A. Ferrell ◽  
Brent A. Sellers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Sugarcane Production ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Moisture Conditions

AbstractDissipation of S-metolachlor, a soil-applied herbicide, on organic and mineral soils used for sugarcane production in Florida was evaluated using field studies in 2013 to 2016. S-metolachlor was applied PRE at 2,270 g ha−1 on organic and mineral soils with 75% and 1.6% organic matter, respectively. The rate of dissipation of S-metolachlor was rapid on mineral soils compared with organic soils. Dissipation of S-metolachlor on organic soils followed a negative linear trend resulting in half-lives (DT50) ranging from 50 to 126 d. S-metolachlor loss on organic soils was more rapid under high soil-moisture conditions than in corresponding low soil-moisture conditions. On mineral soils, dissipation of S-metolachlor followed an exponential decline. The DT50 of S-metolachlor on mineral soils ranged from 12 to 24 d. The short persistence of S-metolachlor on mineral soils was likely attributed to low organic matter content with limited adsorptive capability. The results indicate that organic matter content and soil moisture are important for persistence of S-metolachlor on organic and mineral soils used for sugarcane production in Florida.

scholarly journals Análisis de poblaciones de micorrizas en maíz (Zea mays) cultivado en suelos ácidos bajo diferentes tratamientos agronómicos

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Serralde O. ◽  
María Margarita Ramírez G.
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Soil Conditions

<p>Mediante el seguimiento de cultivos experimentales en suelos ácidos de los Llanos Orientales, durante un periodo de cinco años consecutivos (1997-2001), se evaluaron las poblaciones nativas de hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (MA) asociados con dos variedades de maíz: ICA- Sikuani V-110 y la variedad regional criolla Clavito, analizando su comportamiento bajo distintos tratamientos con abono orgánico (gallinaza), abono verde (Caupí) y testigo sin aplicación de materiales orgánicos, para un total de seis tratamientos. De 7.924 esporas analizadas se aislaron veinticuatro morfotipos identificados morfológica y molecularmente. Se determinó la relación de las condiciones del suelo (pH, los contenidos de materia orgánica, P, K, Al+++ y % saturación Al) con el comportamiento de las poblaciones de MA. Con la aplicación del Análisis de Regresión Múltiple (Stepwise), se obtuvieron coeficientes significativos (P≤ 0.001 y R2 ≥ 83) para todas las variables y se seleccionaron como variables predictivas principales el pH y la materia orgánica del suelo, que presentaron coeficientes significativos para cinco y cuatro de los siete modelos establecidos, respectivamente. La técnica molecular empleada basada en la Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR), con el uso de primers específicos, permitió la identificación confirmatoria de las esporas aisladas de los géneros <em>Glomus, Entrophospora </em>y <em>Gigaspora</em>. Además, mediante el uso de esta metodología se logró identificar la presencia del género <em>Glomus</em>en raíces de maíz altamente colonizadas.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Mycorrhiza populations analysis in corn (<em>Zea mays</em>) cultivated in acid soils under different agronomic treatments</strong></p><p>A study was carried out to evaluate the populations of native arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) fungi on established crops on acid soils of the Colombian Eastern Plains, for a period of five years (1997-2001). Fungi spores were isolated from the crop-fungi association of two maize cultivars: ICASikuani V-110 and the regional cultivar Clavito. The mycorrhizal behavior was evaluated under six different organic fertilization treatments, which included green manure (cowpea), chicken manure and a control treatment (no application). From a total of 7924 spores, 24 different types of mycorrhiza were characterized using morphological and molecular analysis. The relation between soil conditions (pH, organic matter contents, P, K, Al+++ and % Al saturation) and AM fungi populations was analysed using a Stepwise Multiple Regression model. According to the regression coefficients obtained (P≤ 0.001 y R2 ≥ 0.83), soil pH and organic matter content were the independent variables that explained most of the variation observed in AM populations. The molecular methodology was based on the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and the use of specific primers allowed to identify spores from <em>Glomus</em>, <em>Entrophospora </em>and <em>Gigaspora</em>. This methodology also provided the identification of fungi from the <em>Glomus </em>genera in highly colonized maize roots.</p>

scholarly journals Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis of the P Status in Potato Crops

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 863D-863
Author(s):  
Adou Rahim Alimi Assimiou ◽  
Léon E. Parent
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Balance Assessment ◽  
Potato Crops ◽  
P Fertilizers

In Quebec, potato crops are largely grown on light acid soils altered by podzolization. In the plow layer, abundance of sesquioxides, low pH and low organic matter content produce high P-fixing capacity. Liming to pH not exceeding 5.6, organic matter additions and banding of P fertilizers are practices to improve the P status in the soil–plant system. Plant response to treatments could be diagnosed by yield evaluation and foliar analysis. Agricultural lime, dolomitic limestone and basalt were applied to an acid soil (pH 4.6). Ordinary superphosphate, biosuperphosphate, triple superphosphate, and diammonium phosphate impregnated with humic peat were banded at two rates. Highest tuber yield was 40 t·ha–1. There was no response to liming materials as pH did not exceed 4.9. There was a significant response to P fertilizers. Nutrient balance assessment of the foliage by Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis indicated a critical “d” value of 1.5 and a critical P index of 0.8.

scholarly journals Uptake of thallium from artificially contaminated soils by kale (Brassica oleracea L., var. acephala)

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 544-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pavlíčková ◽  
J. Zbíral ◽  
M. Smatanová ◽  
P. Habarta ◽  
P. Houserová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Third ◽  
Very High ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

A pot experiment focused on the study of factors influencing thallium transfer from contaminated soils into kale (green cabbage, Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala, variety Winterbor F1) was evaluated. Three different types of topsoils with naturally low content of thallium (heavy, medium and medium-light soil) were used for pot experiments. The soils were contaminated with thallium sulfate to achieve five levels of contamination (0, 0.52, 2.10, 4.20 and 5.88 mg/kg). There were six replicates for each combination (90 pots in the experiment). The first part of the experiment started in the year of contamination (2001) and continued in 2003. The soil samples and the samples of kale (leaves and stalks were sampled separately) were collected and analysed. Kale was found to be able to accumulate Tl without any influence on yield. The highest thallium concentration was found in the leaves of kale in the first year of the experiment and reached 326 mg/kg dry matter. Bioaccumulation factor (Biological Absorption Coefficient &ndash; BAC) was found to be over 80 during the first year of the experiment. In the third year the BAC was around 3 for the soil with the highest pH and the highest organic matter content but as high as 15 for an acid soil with the lowest content of organic matter and the lowest Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of soils. The content of thallium in the leaves of kale was found to be 7 to 10 times higher than in the stalks in the third year. In the first year this ratio was up to 18. From these findings it can be concluded that the ability of some plants of Brassicacea family, that are planted as common vegetables, to accumulate thallium is very high and can be a serious danger for food chains. Neutral soils high in CEC and organic matter are able to bind thallium more effectively than poor acid soils and the transfer of Tl into plants from these soils is substantially lower. The uptake of Tl from contaminated soils into kale can be very high and without any negative effect on the plant growth. The transfer of Tl into kale decreases with the time necessary to reach the equilibrium between the added Tl and the soil (ageing of a sample).

EVALUATION OF TWENTY GRASS POPULATIONS AS IRRIGATED HAY CROPS FOR SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. LAWRENCE ◽  
F. G. WARDER
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
N Content ◽  
P Content

Twenty grass populations were evaluated for dry matter yield, N content, P content, organic matter content, organic matter digestibility and winterhardiness. Of these populations, Agropyron intermedium was most suitable for a hay crop on a well-drained irrigated soil. Agropyron trichophorum, Bromus inermis, and Phalaris arundinacea were lower-yielding alternatives that had a satisfactory N content and good digestibility. Elymus angustus shows promise as an irrigated hay crop and should be evaluated further. The usefulness of the following populations was limited by one or more of these factors: low yield (Y), low N content (N), low digestibility (D) and lack of winterhardiness (W): Dactylis glomerata ’Kay’ (Y,N,D), Dactylis glomerata ’Chinook’ (Y,N,W), Elymus sibiricus (Y), Festuca arundinacea ’Kenmont’ (Y,N,W), Festuca elatior ’Trader’ (Y,N), Phleum pratense (Y,N,D), Poa ampla ’Sherman’ (N,D), Poa bulbosa cv. P4874 (Y,N,D), and Poa pratensis (Y,N,D).

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