scholarly journals Diversity of segetal weeds in pea (Pisum sativum L.) depending on crops chosen for a crop rotation system

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta K. Kostrzewska ◽  
Magdalena Jastrzębska ◽  
Kinga Treder ◽  
Maria Wanic
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Dominance Indices

<p>This study, lasting from 1999 to 2006, was conducted at the Research Station in Tomaszkowo, which belongs to the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. The experiment was set up on brown rusty soil classified as good rye complex 5 in the Polish soil valuation system. The analysis comprised weeds in fields sown with pea cultivated in two four-field crop rotation systems with a different first crop: A. potato – spring barley – pea – spring barley; B. mixture of spring barley with pea – spring barley – pea – spring barley. Every year, at the 2–3 true leaf stage of pea, the species composition and density of individual weed species were determined; in addition, before harvesting the main crop, the dry matter of weeds was weighed. The results were used to analyze the constancy of weed taxa, species diversity, and the evenness and dominance indices, to determine the relationships between all biological indicators analyzed and weather conditions, and to calculate the indices of similarity, in terms of species composition, density and biomass of weeds, between the crop rotations compared.</p><p>The species richness, density and biomass of weeds in fields with field pea were not differentiated by the choice of the initial crop in a given rotation system. In the spring, the total number of identified taxa was 28 and it increased to 36 before the harvest of pea plants. <em>Chenopodium album </em>and <em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em> were the most numerous<em>.</em> <em>Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-galli, Sonchus arvensis</em>, <em>Fallopia convolvulus </em>and<em> Viola arvensis </em>were constant in all treatments, regardless of what the first crop in rotation was or when the observations were made.</p><p>The species diversity and the evenness and species dominance indices varied significantly between years and dates of observations. Species diversity calculated on the basis of the density of weed species was higher in the rotation with a mixture of cereals and legumes, while that calculated on the basis of weed biomass was higher in the system with potato. The similarity indices, which express the convergence of floristic composition as well as of the density and biomass of weeds growing in pea fields in the two crop rotation systems compared, were within a broad range (42–86%). The biodiversity of weed communities was more closely correlated to total precipitation than to air temperature.</p>

scholarly journals Influence of crop rotation and meteorological conditons on biodiversity of weed communities in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Jastrzębska ◽  
Maria Wanic ◽  
Marta K. Kostrzewska
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
Species Diversity Indices ◽  
Density And Biomass

The paper presents the analysis of changes in weed biodiversity in spring barley cultivated in the years 1990-2004 in crop rotation with a 25% proportion of this cereal (potato - spring barley - sowing peas - winter triticale), when it was grown after potato, and in crop rotation with its 75% proportion (potato - spring barley - spring barley - spring barley), when it was grown once or twice after spring barley. In the experiment, no weed control was applied. Every year in the spring (at full emergence of the cereal) and before the harvest, the composition of weed species and numbers of particular weed species were determined, and before the harvest also their biomass. On this basis, the constancy of species in particular years, Shannon-Wiener species diversity indices and diversity profiles according to Rényi were determined. Weed species richness increased linearly at all plots during the 15-year period. <i>Chenopodium album</i> was a constant and dominant species in terms of weed species density and biomass year after year. The quality of the plot had no clear influence on the diversity of weeds in barley. Weed density and biomass showed high year-to-year variability and a positive correlation with the amount of precipitation and a negative correlation with temperature during the period of the study. The significance of the correlation between the productivity of barley and weed diversity was not confirmed.

Weed species diversity in spring barley varies with crop rotation and tillage, but not with nutrient source

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 798-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Craig Stevenson ◽  
Anne Légère ◽  
Régis R. Simard ◽  
Denis A. Angers ◽  
Denis Pageau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Weed Species Richness

The development of sustainable farming systems depends on our ability to predict and manage the response of weed communities to changes in cropping practices. A study was established at Normandin, Québec, Canada, to investigate the influence of liquid dairy manure and mineral fertilizer, as well as chisel and moldboard plow tillage systems, in a spring barley monoculture and a 3-yr spring barley-forage rotation that included red clover and timothy. Weed species richness (Margalef's DMG), evenness (Shannon's E), and diversity (Shannon's H') were examined in these treatments from 1992 to 1995. Nutrient source had no effect on any of the three diversity indices. Evenness values were extremely low in all years, suggesting dominance of a few weed species in most treatments. Weed species richness and diversity generally were greater in the barley-forage rotation compared with the monoculture. Tillage effects on richness and diversity varied with crop rotation. Margalef's DMGand Shannon's H' were greater in 1993 and 1995, but they were lower in 1994 when chisel was compared with moldboard plowing in the monoculture. In 1994, chickweed density was about five times greater in the chisel-plowed monoculture compared with other treatment combinations of rotation and tillage. In 1995, only one species with a density of six plants m−2occurred in the moldboard-plowed monoculture compared with three to six species and densities of 51 to 832 plants m−2in the other rotation by tillage treatments. Climatic conditions and herbicide use patterns in the different crop rotation treatments may have contributed to the more dynamic nature of weed species diversity in the barley monoculture. Reduced frequency of tillage and herbicide application; management of the forage stands, especially with regard to their termination; and improved soil resource availability likely explained the increased but more stable diversity of the weed communities in the barley-forage rotation.

scholarly journals Influence of crop rotation and meteorological conditons on density and biomass of weeds in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
Maria Wanic ◽  
Magdalena Jastrzębska ◽  
Marta K. Kostrzewska
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Density And Biomass

The paper presents the analysis of changes in weed infestation in spring barley cultivated in the years 1990-2004 in crop rotation with a 25% proportion of this cereal (potato - spring barley - sowing peas - winter triticale), when it was grown after potato, and in crop rotation with its 75% proportion (potato - spring barley - spring barley - spring barley), when it was grown once or twice after spring barley. In the experiment, no weed control was applied. Every year in the spring (at full emergence of the cereal) and before the harvest, the composition of weed species and weed density of particular weed species were determined, and before the harvest also their biomass. Weed density increased linearly on all plots during the 15-year period. The average values confirm the increase in weed biomass in the case when spring barley was grown once or twice after this crop; however, those differences were influenced by the previous situation only during some seasons. Weed density and biomass showed high year-to-year variability and a positive correlation with the amount of precipitation and a negative correlation with temperature during the period of the study. A negative correlation between the yield of barley and weed biomass was shown.

scholarly journals Weed infestation of a cereal-legume mixture depending on its concentration and position in a crop rotation

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Marta K. Kostrzewska ◽  
Maria Wanic ◽  
Magdalena Jastrzębska
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Weed Infestation

A field study was carried out in the period 2000-2006 at the Experimental Station in Tomaszkowo belonging to the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. Its aim was to compare weed infestation of a mixture of spring barley and field pea grown in a four crop rotation with different crop selection and sequence. Each year during tillering of spring barley and before the harvest of the mixture, weed species composition and density were evaluated, while additionally weed biomass was also estimated before the harvest. These results were used to determine species constancy, Simpson&rsquo;s dominance index, the Shannon-Wiener diversity and evenness indices as well as the community similarity index based on floristic richness, numbers and biomass of particular weed species. The cropping frequency and the position of the mixture in the crop rotation did not differentiate the species composition and total biomass of weed communities in the cereal-legume mixture crops. The crop rotation in which the mixture constituted 50% and was grown after itself had a reducing effect on weed numbers. Growing field pea in the 4-year crop rotation promoted weed infestation of the mixture and the dominance of weed communities. <em>Capsella bursa-pastoris</em>, <em>Chenopodium album</em>, <em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em>, <em>Elymus repens</em>, <em>Polygonum convolvulus</em>, and <em>Sonchus arvensis </em>were constant components of the agrophytocenoses. The weed communities were more similar in terms of their floristic composition than in terms of weed density and air-dry weight of weeds.

Flat-cutting loosening in the system of fallow cultivation of chernozem soil and weediness of crops

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
G. Koval ◽  
M. Kaliyevskiy ◽  
V. Yeshchenko ◽  
I. Martyniuk ◽  
N. Martyniuk
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Spring Crop ◽  
White Campion ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Top Soil

The article presents the results of field experiments, where on the basis of podsolized heavy loamy chernozem the influence of replacement of mouldboard ploughing with nonmouldboard cultivation over top soil weediness, weediness at the beginning and end of spring crop vegetation and weed species composition before harve sting were studied. Investigation methods of main fall ploughing under spring crops of five-course rotation: soybeans–rape–wheat–flax–barley at the depths of 15-17, 20-22, 25-27 cm were conducted after post-harvest field tillage. Analysis of data on contamination of the top soil with weed seeds have shown that with the replacement of fall main mouldboard ploughing gwith nonmouldboard cultivation the figure before sowing of all crops withdifferent tillage depthat crop rotation average increased by 131-132%. It caused the increase of actual weed infestation of all crops and at the beginning and end of spring crop vegetationafter different depths of fall nonmouldboard cultivation compared with ploughing at crop rotation average it was 120–132 and 123-138%respectively. Species composition of weeds afterthe replacement of main fall mouldboard ploughing with nonmouldboard cultivation remained mainlyunchanged; although in rape plantings the proportion of white campion and early spring weed sincreased, in wheat plantings– wild mustard andscentless mayweed, insoybean plantings– late spring weeds, in flax plantings– white campion, and in barley plantings– scarlet pimpernel.

scholarly journals The macrozoobenthos under clam farm (the Black Sea, Sevastopol region)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Boltacheva ◽  
M. V. Makarov ◽  
L. V. Bondarenko ◽  
M. A. Kovaleva
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Trophic Structure ◽  
Bivalve Mollusk ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Density And Biomass

During 2015–2106 the macrozoobenthos under the clam farm located in the area of Sevastopol was investigated. The aim of the study is to consider species composition, density and biomass of macrozoobenthos in the area of the clam farm. The samples were taken using standard benthic techniques. Relatively low species diversity was observed, with 56 species of macrozoobenthos identified. The density was 500–975 ind. per m², the biomass varied from 0.8 to 381.1 g·m-2. The community of the bivalve mollusk Lucinella divaricata (Linnaeus, 1758) was found. Trophic structure of the community with high quantity of detritus feeders dominated by small polychaetes was determined. The dominating, typical and rare species were identified. Comparison with the data obtained in 1957 in Evpatoriya – Sevastopol area at the same depths and sediments was made.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE HERBOLOGICAL SITUATION OF AGRO-PHYTOCENOSES OF SPRING BARLEY DURING THE USE OF VARIOUS PRECURSORS IN THE EXPERIMENTAL FIELD

2019 ◽  
pp. 172-183
Author(s):  
Ludmila Pelekh
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Biological Group ◽  
Phenological Phases

The article reflects the results of many years of studying the peculiarities of the formation of the number of weeds in the agrophytocenosis of spring barley, depending on the previous culture. The general structure of weed species and their genus are estimated taking into account the features of the precursor. Species diversity has been assessed depending on the nature of the previous culture. A grouping of recorded weeds into biological groups was carried out, taking into account the type of the previous crop and the peculiarities of its cultivation technology. The general patterns of the formation of the structure of weeds are formulated taking into account typological predecessors and the dynamics of the formation of each biological group of weeds in the general structure of vegetation is evaluated. Peculiarities of the conjugate formation of weed are determined taking into account the duration of phenological phases of growth and development of spring barley, and an analysis is made of the features of increasing the total weediness of the field taking into account the competitive features of cultivated plants as precursors of spring barley.

scholarly journals The influence of simplified on reserve of weeds in erodible loess soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-363
Author(s):  
Marian Wesołowski ◽  
Karol Bujak
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Loess Soil ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Loess Slope

In the paper the influence of diferent simplified tillage per number and seeds botanical composition of weeds in 0-25 cm of soil layer under plants crop rotation (potato-spring barley-winter rape-winter wheat) on erodible loess soil was presented. The simplifications in soil tillage relied on replaceing ploughing by cultivation, rotary cultivator tillage or Gramoxone formula. The replaceing ploughing by cultivations or rotary cultivator tillage especially bringing in chemical tillage instead of after-harvest cultivation increasing the number of weeds seed under all plants excluding spring barley. Resource of weeds seed under all plants of crop rotation were formated mainly by short duration species, especially <i>Chenopodium album</i> and <i>Viola arvensis</i> as well as <i>Stellaria media</i> (potato, barley, wheat) and <i>Veronica persica</i> (wheat). It was proven that the number of weeds seed in 0-25 cm of soil layer on erodible loess slope depended from plant species more than the way of soil tillage.

scholarly journals Dominant weeds in maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation and their competitiveness under conditions of various methods of weed control

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Głowacka
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

A field experiment was conducted in the years 2008-2010 at the Research Station of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, on brown soil with a slightly acidic pH, a high content of available phosphorus and potassium as well as an average magnesium content. The experiment was set up in a random split-plot design with four replications, with two methods for controlling weed infestation: I. mechanical - weeding of inter-rows twice; II. chemical - the herbicide Afalon Dyspersyjny 450 SC (a.i. linuron, 900 g × ha<sup>-1</sup>). Next, potassium, calcium and magnesium contents were determined in maize and in the dominant weed species. Based on the dry weight yield of maize and the biomass of particular weed species, nutrient uptake per hectare area was calculated. The chemical method of weed control reduced both the number and dry weight of weeds more than the mechanical method. The dominant species in the maize crop were <i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i> (L.) P. Beauv., <i>Chenopodium album</i> L., <i>Galinsoga parviflora</i> Cav., and <i>Cirsium arvense</i> L. All the weed species examined were more competitive than maize in accumulating potassium, calcium and magnesium. <i>Galinsoga parviflora</i> Cav. was the most competitive species with maize for potassium, <i>Cirsium arvense</i> L. for calcium, and <i>Chenopodium album</i> L. and <i>Polygonum lapathifolium</i> L. subsp. <i>lapathifolium</i> for magnesium. Weeds are serious competitors in taking up nutrients relative to crop plants; their share in the total uptake of macroelements from the soil by the maize crop and weeds together was considerable and it averaged as follows: for K - 35%, Ca - 27.3%, Mg - 27.4%.

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